Tidbits December 13 Issue

Of Grand fOrks • East Grand fOrks

December 13, 2012 Issue # 798The Little Paper Ever Read®NeatestPublished by: Wick Publications • P.O. Box 12861, Grand Forks, ND 58208 • For Advertising Call: 701-772-8239 • [email protected]

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This Tidbits will ring some bells of history! Bells have been around for many centuries, including references in the Bible. Long before telephone ringers, ambulance sirens, inter-net, emails and “tweets,” bells summoned the masses for news, happy and sad. • Bells are rung at many major life events and

occasions, including weddings and funerals in some religions. In earlier centuries bells were also rung to make announcements at com-munity squares. Many churches ring bells at Christmas to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.

• A famous old poem written on December 25, 1864 by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became one of our best loved Christmas Car-ols. “I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day,” was actually a poem that Wadsworth wrote concerning the sadness of America’s Civil War and the hope for its end. Two stanzas were removed when the poem was set to music by John Baptiste Calkin in 1872. The words, “Peace on earth, good will toward men,” included in the song, come from Luke 2:14 in the Bible.

• Ringing of bells and other noisemakers may have originated with pagans, people who have “little or no religion.” They used the bells to scare away evil spirits.

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• Traditionally in Anglican and Catholic churches, the church day starts at sunset. So, for many churches the first service of Christ-mas Day will have bells ringing. These signify the start of Christmas services in many areas. In the United Kingdom (U.K.) it is traditional for the largest bell to be rung four times in the hour prior to midnight; then at midnight all of the bells ring to celebrate Christmas. Many old churches in the U.K. and other European countries have historic bells that have been ringing for centuries.

• One of those old churches, St. Lawrence Church in Ipswich, Suffolk, England, has what is thought to be the oldest set of bells in the world. Dating from about 1450, the set of five bells had not been used for two decades be-cause of the poor condition of the tower that housed them. They were in a tower that was built in 1883, that was very flimsy. In a resto-ration project funded by donations to the Ips-wich Historic Churches Trust, the bells were moved to an older, sturdier part of the building that was built in the 15th century. In Septem-ber, 2009, the bells rang again, much to the delight of the town. Now when the bells are rung, they are in a part of the church where they can be seen through a glass screen. The building is no longer a church but is part of the Ipswich Town Centre.

• In the Ipswich project, the bells were cleaned at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in East Lon-don. Whitechapel is Britain’s oldest manufac-turing company, established during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in 1570. In 1970 the Foundry celebrated 400 years, a quatercente-nary! (It is now in its 442nd year.)

• Famous bells from Whitechapel include the Liberty Bell, the Great Bell of Montreal and the largest bell it has ever cast, Big Ben.

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Is the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia the original bell that was cast in London?T or F: The Liberty Bell is located inside Independence Hall?What were the names of “The Three Muskateers” written by Alexandre Dumas? What comic book hero has a nem-esis named Ming the Merciless?

1.

2.

3.

4

Where is the island country of Sri Lanka located?In “The 12 Days of Christmas,” how many maids milking are there?Which Christmas song was made famous in 1957 by Bobby Helms?What does Charlie Brown’s sister Sally want for Christmas?In How the Grinch Stole Christmas, what is the name of Grinch’s dog?

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• Big Ben at Westminster Abbey deserves its name; weighing 13 tons (11.79 tonnes). It was cast (or made) in 1858. While most of the work of the company is with large bells, including all of the equipment needed and installation in church towers, Whitechapel also makes hand-bells and other small bells.

• While bell ringing, called “change ringing,” is most popular in England where it started centu-ries ago, there are bell ringers all over the world. Most English church bell towers have at least six to eight, but sometimes as many as sixteen bells in a the bell chamber or belfry. There are more than 5000 churches with bells for change ringing in their bell towers in England, while there are fewer than 300 in the rest of the world.

• Change ringing is a performing art, similar to a team sport, in that the team must work to-gether in harmony to ring the bells. It is simi-lar to being a part of an orchestra. Each ringer must learn to do his or her part. There are many change ringing organizations in England. The oldest association is the “Companie of Ringers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln” which was started in 1612.

• The first true “peal” was believed to have oc-curred on May 2, 1715 at St. Peter Mancroft Church in Norwich, England. A peal is “a true touch of at least 5000 changes.” This magical ringing typically takes around three hours to ring!

• A strange ban that occurred during World War II was the ringing of bells. Ringing was quickly reinstated when peace returned.

• On January 1, 2000, in celebration of the start of the new millennium, bells were rung all over the world.


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• There has been change ringing in North Amer-ica since 1744 with groups of ringers active in Quebec, British Columbia, South Carolina, Il-linois and more at various times. By the middle of the 20th century, change ringing in bell tow-ers had almost completely died out on the conti-nent. Change ringing was occurring some with handbells but the history is slim on that. In the early 1960s there were only seven active bell towers in North America: four in Canada and three in the U.S.

• The installation of change ringing bells at the new National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. in 1963 stoked the energy for new ringers in North America. Today The North American Change Ringers Guild, officially chartered in 1972, has more than 560 members with about 50 active bell towers in North America.

• The London-based “Ancient Society of College Youths” is one of the oldest ringing societies, started in 1637. They have members all over the world.

• While bell-ringing is an old and refined form of music, it is also popular in Christmas stories and songs that have nothing to do with classic bell tower tunes. Christmas bells are in many classic Christmas songs: “Jingle Bells,” “Silver Bells,” and “Christmas Bells are Ringing,” are three well-known Christmas carols that have been passed down for generations.

• Santa Claus and his reindeer jingle bells as they fly through the sky. Bells are attached to the reindeer harnesses and Santa’s sleigh.

• You have probably heard the saying “Every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings”. Most remember this saying from the movie “It’s a Wonderful Life,” but over a hundred years ago this was a very common saying.

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• It was the third president of the United States, Thom-as Jefferson, who made the following observation: “The man who reads noth-ing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.”• Those who study such things say that a rainbow can’t be seen at midday; the optical phenomena are visible only in the morn-ing or in the late afternoon. • In 1982, a radio station in Allentown, Pa., thought its rating could use a bit of a boost, so it came up with a contest: Three contestants, selected at random, would live on top of one of the sta-tion’s billboards (portable toilets and sleeping bags were provided). The last one to give up would be awarded a mobile home. The prob-lem was, nobody wanted to give up. The three men who climbed to the top of the sign at the end of September were still there come March 1983.

In that month, one of the con-testants was arrested for deal-ing drugs, but the remaining two stayed aloft until May. Once the freezing winter was finally over, the radio station decided to declare both of the men winners. • As the end of the year ap-proaches, you might con-sider an old British tradi-tion of fortune-telling. Light a candle, place it on the floor and jump over it. If the flame does not go out, you’re likely to enjoy good luck during the coming year. • If you’re like the aver-age American, you use between 75 and 100 gal-lons of water every day.• The Sahara Desert is nearly as large as the con-tinental United States.* * *Thought for the Day: “If at first you don’t suc-ceed, try again. Then quit. No use being a damn fool about it.” -- W.C. Fields

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According to , the Beatles’ hit song “Yesterday” has been(recorded in a new version in the studio) by more singers more than any other popular song in history.The melody for this legendary song came to Paul McCartney in a dream he experienced late one night.

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One of the most intriguing ancient sites in the world sits at a high elevation in the Andean moun-tains of Peru in South America. • The magnificent setting sits 9,060 feet (2,761

m) above sea level. Covering 5 square miles (12.95 sq km), Machu Picchu is the most un-usual urban creation known that was built by the ancient Incan Empire. The terraces, ramps and giant walls look as if they were cut natural-ly in the rock escarpments but they were built by the Incans.

• Machu Picchu means “Old Peak” in the local Quechuan language. The Incas may not have been the first people to use the mountaintop site but they were the ones who turned the site into an extraordinary city.

• The ruins of the old civilization sit high in the clouds above the Urubamba River. There are re-mains of palaces, baths, storage rooms, temples and about 150 houses. The structures are carved from the granite of the mountain top and are ar-chitectural and aesthetic wonders. Many of the giant building blocks weigh 50 tons or more (45 metric tons +) but are fitted together in such a way as to not allow a thin knife blade to be in-serted in the mortarless joints.

• The ancient city is invisible from below and completely self-contained. The agriculture is and was sufficient for the residents with natural springs for drinking and crop production.

• Yale history professor, Hiram Bingham, is giv-en credit for “discovering” Machu Picchu in 1911. In fact, the Incan people and others had already found the area! He “rediscovered” it and brought it much fame by revealing what he saw in lectures, news articles and books after his return.

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MACHU PICCHU (continued):• The Inca civilization is one of the ancient

cultures that has been studied for centuries. Back in the time of Columbus’ “discovery” of America, the Incan Empire was in control of most of South America. A mysterious culture, the Incans had phenomenal abilities in con-struction, agricultural, and organization that are still apparent in the high mountains of the city of Machu Picchu.

• The Incas were overthrown by the Spanish in 1532 and their culture became virtually un-known until discoveries such as Bingham’s revealed much of their history years later.

• It is believed, through much of the archeo-logical evidence, that Machu Picchu was an important ceremonial center for the Incas. In 2001, Peru’s first president of Andean Indian descent, Alejandro Toledo, celebrated his in-auguration at Machu Picchu.

• Even though the ancient city is not easy to get to, there are thousands of tourists who flock there every year. In fact, the Peruvian govern-ment introduced new tourist limits in 2011 to protect the historical sites.

• Train and bus rides now take tourists to the top of the mountain that is Machu Picchu today. In Bingham’s time in the early 1900s mules and hiking were the only way to go. When the trails and old city were cleared of overgrown brush after years of neglect, well-constructed roads with pavement and drain-age were discovered. The Incas had set up a nice system that was ahead of their time.

• Hiking is still possible for tourists who prefer more adventure. There are many stairs at Ma-chu Picchu; in fact, more than 100 individual staircases, many of them carved somewhat miraculously from single slabs of stone.

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• On Dec. 19, 1917, four teams of the National Hockey League play the league’s first two games. At the time of its inception, the NHL was made up of the Canadiens and the Wanderers (both of Montreal), the Ottawa Senators, the Quebec Bulldogs and the Toronto Arenas.

• On Dec. 23, 1968, the crew and captain of the U.S. intelligence gath-ering ship Pueblo are released after 11 months imprisonment by the gov-ernment of North Korea. The ship, and its 83-man crew, was seized by warships on Jan. 23 and charged with intruding into North Korean waters.

• On Dec. 21, 1970, rock star El-vis Presley pays a surprise visit to President Richard Nixon at the White House to discuss the war on drugs. Presley apparently was not searched before being granted ad-mission: Upon meeting Nixon, he presented the president with a gift -- a World War II-era Colt .45 pistol.

• On Dec. 18, 1777, the new United States celebrates its first national day of thanksgiving, commemo-rating the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga after the sur-render of Gen. John Burgoyne and 5,000 British troops that October.

• On Dec. 22, 1808, Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony has its world pre-miere in Vienna. The concert venue was freezing cold and the orchestra played poorly enough to force the nearly deaf composer -- also acting as conductor and pianist -- to stop the ensemble partway into one passage and start again from the very beginning.

• On Dec. 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, N.C., Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful flight of a self-propelled aircraft. Or-ville piloted the gasoline-powered, propeller-driven biplane, which stayed aloft for 12 seconds and cov-ered 120 feet on its inaugural flight.

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CHRISTMAS CARDSThe first Christmas cards were issued to raise awareness of people in need. In 1843, Sir Henry Cole, in England, wanted to help those living in desolate conditions. • Sir Henry was a writer of children’s books,

handbooks for art and design and many more ventures. He was involved in public service for more than 50 years, including assisting with the postal service.

• Being a man with many personal and business friends and acquaintances, and considering that people would hand write their Christmas greetings, he felt that he didn’t have time to write them. In 1843, he commissioned art-ist John Calcott Horsley to design a card that would depict the poor living conditions un-der which many lived. His idea was to raise awareness and encourage help for the poor.

• Ironically, the card that Horsley made for Sir Henry Cole caused quite a stir of criticism. The happy family on the front of the card included a child sipping wine! As in today’s society, this was not acceptable behavior. In spite of the inappropriateness, the Christmas card was a hit.

• Neither Cole nor Horsley had any idea of the impact their Christmas cards would have on Britain, later America and even the world over. By 1880 the design and development of cards would become big business and open up opportunities for writers, artists, printers and engravers.

• The first Christmas cards were not religious in nature. They usually were quite plain with de-pictions of animals, winter scenes, girls, dolls and more. A few had drawings of angels.

• The first appearance of Christmas cards in the United States was in 1874. Bavarian-born li-thographer, Louis Prang, is often referred to as the “Father of the American Christmas card.”

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CHRISTMAS CARDS (continued):• Prang ran a successful printing company in

Boston during the late nineteenth century, pro-ducing high quality reproductions of famous art work and greeting cards, using a technique called chromolithography. Prior to his cards, Christmas cards were rarely exchanged in America. His cards were among the first to de-pict religious scenes.

• U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first official Christmas card from the White House in 1953. Now, a common practice, the official White House cards are usually designed by prominent American artists and depict White House scenes. In 1961 there were just 2000 re-cipients of the official cards; by 2005 there were 1.4 million!

• One of the largest greeting card companies in the world, Hallmark, has done remarkably well with Christmas cards, wrapping paper, ornaments and more. All kinds of cards are made by the com-pany started by two brothers in 1910 in Norfolk, Nebraska. They moved to Kansas City, Missouri shortly after to be near a bigger market of cus-tomers. The slogan, “when you care enough to give the very best,” was adopted in 1944.

• The international headquarters for Hallmark are located at Crown Center in Kansas City. The Mayor’s Christmas Tree, one of the tallest in the nation, is erected at Crown Center Square every year. The Hallmark Visitor Center is fun any time of year, with free admission. There are many great exhibits, including one where you can press a button to create a bow that you can keep as a souvenir.

• Another free Christmas goody happened a few years ago in Germany. In 2004, the German post office gave away 20 million scented stickers for Christmas cards with smells like fir trees, cin-namon, gingerbread, and more. What a “scent-sational” idea!

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DEERE. JOHN DEERE. (continued): • It was while living in Illinois that John no-

ticed the problems that farmers faced when attempting to till soil. Because the area had formerly been woodland, the soil was rich with hummus, which clumped and clung to the blades of the plows farmers were accus-tomed to using. While repairing a broken cir-cular saw, Deere stumbled upon an idea. He employed his smith skills to fashion the steel blade into the shape of a plow. He affixed two wooden spokes, then hitched the device to a horse. It plowed the heavy Illinois soil like a charm. In fact, a farmer who happened to be observing the test run immediately put in an order for his own John Deere plow.

• In short order, Deere gave up his blacksmith shop and focused on making plows. The company grew steadily and added many em-ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the entire operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed of his own lack of education, John sent his children to the state’s finest schools. One of his proudest days occurred when son Charles earned the equivalent of an MBA from Bell’s Commercial College in Chicago.

• With his son Charles managing the company, John found time to pursue philanthropic in-terests. He co-founded both the First Nation-al Bank and the First Congregational Church. He was elected the mayor of Moline in 1873, where one of his first actions – the replace-ment of the city’s open drains with a sewer pipe system – saved countless lives by reduc-ing the spread of disease.

• The original John Deere logo, registered in 1876, depicted a deer that was native to Afri-ca. Thirty-six years later, in 1912, it was re-placed with the image of a North American white-tailed deer. In the decades that fol-lowed, the now-familiar “outline” logo took over as the symbol of the John Deere brand.

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