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TIA

DOCUMENT

OFSTP-7

Measurement of Optical Power Loss of

Installed Single-mode Fiber Cable Plant

TIA-526-7

ANSI APPROVAL WITHDRAWN JUNE 2003

FEBRUARY 2002

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

The Telecommunications Industry Association

represents the communications sector of

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(From Project No. 3-2974 formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.1 subcommittee on Single Mode

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T M I A 5 2 6 7

OFSTP-7

Section

I

2.

3.

4.

5

6

.

8.

FIGURES

Figure 1

Figure

2

.

Figure 3

Figure 4 .

Figure 5.

Figure

6

.

Figure 7 .

Figure 8

.

Figure

9

.

Figure

IO

.

ANNEX

MEASUREMENTOF OPTICAL POWER LOSS

OF

INSTALLED

SINGLE-MODE FIBER CABLE PLANT

CONTENTS

itle

ane

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Applicableocuments

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Samplingndpecimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Calculations or Interpretation of Resu lts

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

Documentation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Specificationnformation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Cable Plant Measured Valuesor M ethods A . l , A.2

and.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

ReferencePowerMeasurement

for

Method A.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

CablePlantMeasurementor Method A .l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

ReferencePowerMeasurement for MethodA.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

CablePlantMeasurement orMethodA.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

ReferencePowerMeasurement for Method A.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

CablePlantMeasurement for Method A.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

CablePlantMeasuredValue for Me thod B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

CablePlantAttachment

for

Method B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CablePlantMeasurement for Me thod 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Comparison with IEC

or

fTU/TS Requirements

. . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1

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TIAJEIA-526-7

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page

left blank.]

11

..

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TIMEM 526 7

OFSTP-7

MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL POWER

LOSS

OF

INSTALLED

SINGLE-MODE FIBER CABLE PLANT

(From TIA Standards ProposalNo. 2974-A, formulated under the cognizance ofhe TIA

FO-2.1, Subcommittee on Optical Fiber Telecommunications Systems.)

This OFSTP is a part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard

TINEIA-526.

This OFSTP was originally publishedn TINEIA-52 6-7 as OFSTP-7.

1. INTRODUCTfON

1.1

Intent

The intent of this procedure s to ensure hatmeaningfuldatadescribing the optical loss

performance of nstalledsingle-modecable

plant

canbeobtained. It is not intended for

com ponent testing, nor does it define those elements ofan installation that mustbe m easured.

The docume nt that invokes hisprocedureshallestablish he equirements for installation,

maintenance, repair, and conformance testing.

1.2 Scope

This procedure can

be

used to measure the optical loss between any

two

passively-connected

points, including end terminations, of a single-mode optical fiber cable plant. The optical fiber

cable plant, as the term is used here, may consistof optical fiber cables, connectors, mounting

pane ls, jumper cables, and other pass ive components, but may not include active components.

Two m ethods for measuring the installed cable lant loss are described, Method A uses optical

power measurementequipment.Method

B

uses an OpticalTimeDomainReflectometer

(OTDR).

Method B provides an indirect estima te o f the oss of the cable plant, and although

calibration is possible, generally, more accurate or reliable values may be obtained b y using

Method

A.

If the values obtained by Method

A

and Method

B

differ from each other, the results

of Method A shall be accepted as correct. Method B is not ecommended for cable plants

containing branching devices andlor isolators,

I

3

Hazards

All tests performed on optical fiber communication systems that use a laser

r

LED in a test set

shall be carried out in accordance with the safety precautions f ANSI Z136.2.

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TINEIA 526 7

2.

APPLICABLEOCUMENTS

The following documents form part

of

this OFSTP to the extent specified herein:

ANSI Z136.2

E IA-440-A

EIA/TlA-455-A

FOTP-8 (TINEIA-455-8)I

FOTP-61 (TIA/EIA-455-61A)2

FOTP-77 (E IA/TlA-455-77)

FOTP-78 (EIA/TIA-455-7&A)

FOTP-95 (ElA-455-95)

FOTP-I'71(EIA-455-171)

TINEIA-526

3.

APPARATUS

American National Standardor the safe use

of

optical fiber

communication systems utilizing laser diode and

D

sources

Fiber optic terminology

Standardestprocedures for fiberopticibers ables

transducers sensors connecting and t ~ ~ ~ n a ~ i nevices

and other fiber optic components

Measurement of splice or connector toss and reflectance

using an OTDR

Measurement of fiber or cable attenuation using an

TDR

Procedureso gualiv aigher-ordermodeiiteror

measurements on single-mode ibers

Spectral-attenuation cutback measurement for single-mode

optical fibers

Absolute opticat power testor optical fibers and cables

Attenuationbysubstitutionmeasurement for s ~ o ~ - l e n

multimode graded-index and single-mode optical fiber cable

assemblies

Standard test proceduresor fiber optic systems

The following apparatus s required to perform this test:

3.1

Method

A,

Optical Power Meter

1 In preparation.

Use

TlNEIA-455-61

pending publication of

TlAlEIA-455-61A.

2

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T M I A 5 2 6 7

03.1.1

Light

Source

Use an optical source at the wavefength(s) of light used in the system being tested, or at the

wavelength(s)specified n theDetailSpecification,Use he aunchconditionsdescribed in

FOTP-78 and employ a method to remove high-order propagating modes, A method

to

select

a mode filter s described n FOTP-77. Use a ight source that

is

sufficiently stable over the

period of the measurement to meet the measurement precision requirement statedn the Detail

Specification.

3.1.2

Optical Power Measurement Equipment

Use an optical power meter capable of measuring optical power over an adequate dynamic

range at the wavelength(s) of light used in the test.The linearity of the meter over its dynamic

range, and stability over variationsn environmental conditions, shall be sufficient o provide the

required accuracy and precision. Calibrate the optical power meter per FOTP-95.

3.1.3 TestJumpers

Unless otherwise specified, the test jumpers fiber shall have a mode field diameter nominally

equal to that of the cable plant being measured. Test umpers shall be 1 to 5 meters (3.3 to

16.4 Ut) long, and shall contain ibers with coatings hat remove cladding ight. Test umper

connectors houldbeof ufficientquality so as tohaveanegligibleeffectuponhe

measurement result (e.g., reference quality). FOTP-171 provides an example of requirements

for reference quality cables nd components.

3.2 Method B, Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)

Use an OTDR possessing an optical transmitter and other features as described in FOTP-61.

The central wavelength(s) and spectral width@) shall be periodically verified using a suitable

measuring instrument, such as an optical spectrumanalyzer. Dead zone fiber connectors shall

be perFOTP-61.Calibrationshallbeper IEC 1746. For additional nformationonOTDRs,

refer to the Annex of FOTP-8 or FOTP-61.

The launch conditions should e in accordance with FOTP-78 and employ a methodo remove

high-order propagating modes. The mode filter to remove high-order modes n the wavelength

range above the cutoff wavelength is typically a mandrel wrap, although a somewhat tighter

wrap than that used in FOTP-78 may be necessary. One method for selecting a mode filter is

described in FOTP-77.

4. SAMPLINGND SPECIMENS

The test specimens a point-to-point link s specified in the Detail Specification.

3

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TIAEIA 526 7

5. PROCEDURE

Toachieveconsistent esults,clean all connections ferrulesandcouplingsleeves)at he

optical test points prior to measurement. Measure the optical

loss

of the cable plant according

to one of the following methods. For U.S. military applications, use method I or A2.

5.1 Method

A,

Insertion Loss UsingAnOptical PowerMeter

Method A refers to the conduct of this test procedure usingan Optical Power Meter. Method A

includeshreespecificmethods.Thehreemethodsaredefinedaccording to hawhe

reference power measurement

s

performed, and are named as follows:

Method A.1 One Jumper-Cable Measurement

MethodA.2 Two Jumper-Cable Measurement

Method

A.3

Three Jumper-Cable Measurement

TheMethod A.1 measurementesultncludeshe loss within thecableplantand

two

connection losses. The Method

A.2

result includes those losses within the cable plant and one

connection

loss.

TheMethod A.3 result ncludesonly he loss within hecableplant.The

measured value for the three methods are depictednFigure1.

Method A.3

Jumpeh,, (includesablelantosses

(includes cable plant losses

plus one connection oss)

(includes cable plant losses

-two

connection' losses)

Figure

I

able Plant Measured Vaiues or Methods

A.4, A.2

and

A.3

As described in 3.1.3, the test jumper connectors shall be of sufficient quality

so

as to have

a

negligible effect upon the measurement result. Due to their short ength, umper fiber osses

are gnored.Selection of amethod

is

baseduponease of access,need for adapters,or

requirements stated in the Detail Specification.

Method

A.1

shall be considered the standard option.

5.1 I

Method A.1, One Jumper-Cable Measurement

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TINEIA 526 7

5.1.1

I

Method A.1 Reference Power Measurement

Connect est umper

1

between he light source and the optical power meter, as shown

in

Figure 2. Record the optical power,

P7

which is the reference power.

Tst

umper

l

Light

Source Meter

Optical

Figure

2.

Reference Power Measurement for Method

. l

5.1.1.2 Method A.1 Cable Plant Insertion Measurement

Separate test jumper 1 at its point of connection with the power me ter without disturbing the

attachment o he light source,

or

introducingbends that could affect themeasurement.

Reattach test jumper

1

to one end

of

the cable plant to be m easured and test jumper

2

to the

other end, as shown nFigure 3.

Test Jumper

n

Light

Source

Test Jumper2

Optical

Power

Meter

Figure 3. Cable Plant M easurement for Method A.1

5.1

I

3 Method A.1 Test Power Measurement

Record the displayed power,

P2

which

is

the test power. Perform the calculations described in

Section 6,Calculations or Interpretation

of

Results,

5.1.2

MethodA.2, Two Jumper-Cable Measurement

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TIA/EW 526 7

5.1 -2.1 Method A.2 Reference Power Measurement

Connect test jumpers

1

and

2

between the light source and the optical power meter, s shown

inFigure4.Record the optical power,

PI,

hich is the reference power.

Figure4. Reference Power Measurement for Method

A.2

5.1.2.2 Method A.2 Cable Plant Insert ion Measurement

Separate the two jumpers at their point of connection without disturbing their attachment to the

test equipment or introducing bends that could affect the measurement. Reattach test jumper

to one end

of

the cable plant to be measured and test jumper 2 to the sther end, as shown in

Figure

ti.

Figure

5.

Cable Plant.Measurement for Method

.2

5.1.2.3

Method

A.2

Test Power Measurement

Record the displayed power,

P2

which is the test power. Perform the calculations described in

Section 6,Calculations or Interpretationof Resutts.

5.1.3

Method

A.3,

Th ree Ju mp er-Cable Measurement

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TIA/EIA 526 7

5.1.3.1 Methad A.3 Reference Power Measurement

Connect test jumpers

1

and 2, and he reference umper between he ight source and he

optical power meter,as shown inFigure

6.

Record the optical power,

P f

which is the reference

power.

Light

Source

ptical

PI Power

Meter

Reference Jumper

Figure

6.

Reference Power Measurement or Method

A.3

5.1.3.2

Method A.3 Cable Plant Insertion Measurement

Separate he reference jumper without emoving he nterconnectionsleeves from the est

jumpers at their point of connection.

Do

not disturb their attachment to the test equipment or

introduce bends that could affect the measurement. Reattach test jumper

1

toone endof the

cable plant to be measured and test umper

2

to the other end, as shown n Figure

7.

The

reference jumper is not used in insertion measurement.

Test Jumper

-f

Cable Plant

Test JumDer 2

I

n I I A

Reference Jump

Figure 7. Cable Plant Measurement or Method

A.3

5.1.3.3

Method

A.3

Test Power Measurement

Record the displayed power, P2 which is the test power. Perform the calculations described in

Section 6,Calculations or Interpretation of Resutts.

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TINEIA 526 7

5.2

Method 13 Insertion Loss Usingan OTDR

Method 6 ncludes one connection

loss

in the measurement of the cable plant in addition to all

losses contained within he cable plant, as is shownnFigure

8.

DeadZoneFi

v

r---r

able Plant

1

(includes cable plant losses

plus

one connection oss)

Figure

8

Cable Plant Measured Value for Method

B

5.2.1

CalibrationVerification

For U.S. Militaryapplications, hisstep is mandatoryprior to makinganymeasurements.

Details on how to verify calibration shall be givenn the specification or reference ocument that

invokes this procedure. In all other operations, the step is optional unless the est operator has

reason to believe that calibration verifications necessary.

5.2.2 Gable Plant Attachm ent

Connect the cable planto be tested o the end of the dead-zone fiber. Connecthe other end of

the dead-zone fiber to the OTDR as shown

n

Figure

9.

~

Cable Plant

Dead Zone Fiber

Figure 9. Cable Plant Attachment or Method

B

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TXNEXA 526 7

5.2.3 OTDR

Setup

Enter

OTDR

parameters such as source wavelength, pulse duration, length range, and signal

averaging into the nstrument,alongwith he effective groupdelay index (if required ). The

values of some of these parameters may be preset inhe instrument.

5.2.4 initial Adjustment

Adjust the instrument to displayabackscatter ignal from the cable plant.t may be

advantageous to beginwithcoarseverticalandhorizontalscaling to maximize the length

displayed. An example

is

given in Figure

10.

5.2.5 First

Curso r

Placement

Place a cursor near the end

of

the inear portion of the dead zone fiber,

but

just before the

reflection pulse associated with the nitial connector

in

the cable ptant.

If

the connector pulse

is

not apparent d ue

to

minimal discontinuity, apply a tight bend at this

location and vary the radius to assist in cursor placement. Rem ove the tight bend prior

to

the

measurement.Obtainheowerevel, P7 and the distanceoordinate, Z , via the

alphanumeric display.

OTDR Input Connector Rellection

Dead Zone Fiber

Near-End Connector Reflection

bli

P,

0

Far-Endonnector

Reflection

First Cursor,

> . 7 < 7

,

it

. *;....2*:

.

Distance km)

Figure

IO

Cable Plant Measurement for Method

3

5.2.6

Second Cursor

Placement

Place the same or another cursor near the end of the linear portion

of

the cable plant under

test, but before the ast connector in the cable plant. The end shou ld be apparent and not

buried in the noise floor. Obtain the power level,

P2,

nd the distance coordinate, , via the

alphanumeric display.

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TINEIA 526 7

5.2.7 Bi-directionalMeasurement

Repeat the test for a~sign alaunched in the opposite direction at the same wavelength. The

wo

bi-directional races of the fiber are averaged to eliminatehe effects of length-varying

backsca1:ter properties (such as appa rent gain). More accurate

loss

estimates w ill result. Refer

to FOTP-8 or to FOTP-61 for add itional details. PerForm the calculations described

in

Section

6,

Calculations or nterpretation of Resu lts.

6.CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION

OF

RESULTS

6.1 Method

Calculate the

oss

for each measurement specified

in

the reference document as follows (forP

and

P2

in the same units of power):

Note: For optical power measurement equipment supplying units in dBm, use the following

equation:

6.2 Method 6

An estimate of the loss of the cable pfant s given by:

Some

OTDRs

can automatically perform the 2-point subtraction. Som e OTDRs can also utilize

a least-squares averaging (LSA) fit. he least-squares

fit

to a line should not be used whenever

discrete :slope changes are evident on the OTDR display.

6.3 Precision & ias

6.3.1 No round-robin esting has been conducted to determine the level of precision of this

test. Precision can be improved by using test jumpers which meet the criteria for reference

jumpers per EIA/TlA-455-'17lv

6.3.2 Due to the lack

of

standard reference m aterials and readings, no definitive statement

can be made. The value determined by this test may differ from the

loss

actually encountered

in use due to the variability in components encountered in the field.

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TIAfEIA-526-7

6.3.3

The use o f light sources with significantly difTering center wavelengths allowed

in

Section 3.4

I

ay yield variations in the measured oss he same span. This is due to he

change in measured fiber attenuation at different source wavelengths.

6.4

Judgments

If several successive tests exceed the permissible

loss

specification, substitute another jumper

to determine whethe r the jumper has become defective.f a defective jumpe r

is

found, discard it

and retes t the failed sections.

7.

DOCUMENTATION

7.1

Report the following nformation

for

each est:

7.1.1

Date of test.

7.1.2

Test p rocedure (OFSTP-7) and method (A.1, A.2, A.3 or

6

sed.

7.1.3

Loss measurement results with location, path, and wavelength identification.

7.2 Un ited States military applications require ha t the following information also be reported

for each test. For other (nonmilitary) applications, this info rma tion need not be reported but

shall be available or review upon request:

7.2.1

Description of the test equipment used.

7.2.2

Date of latest calibration of test equipment used.

7.2.3 Test personnel.

8. SPECIFICATIONNFORMATION

The following inform ation shall be specified

n

the document hat invokes this test method.

8.1

Test procedure OFSTP-7) and method

A.1, A.2,A.3,

or

B)

used.

8.2 Description

of

the elements

of

the cable plant that are to be measured.

8 3 Test wavelength(s), pectralwidth(s).

8.4

Ca libration verificationmethod, if required.

8.5

Failure of acceptance riteria.

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TIAEiIA 526 7

APPENDIX

COMPARISON BETWEEN THIS QFSTP AND IEC OR ITUfTS REQUIREMENTS

I IEC

There are no references to any test equivalent to

this

OFSTP known to exist in IEC documents.

2.

ITU/TS

Formerly called

CCITT

There are no references

to

any

test

equivalent to

this OFSTP

known to exist in ITUTTS

documents.

1

7/25/2019 TIA-526-7-2008

19/19