Thursday, November 6, 20031 E-Learning Objects: The Value of SCORM and MPEG-7 Packaging for Digital...

Thursday, November 6, 2003 1

E-Learning Objects: The Value of SCORM and MPEG-7 Packaging

for Digital Media Assets

Interactivity

Cesar Bandera, Director of R&[email protected]

TRACK 3: TEACHING AND LEARNING

Thursday, November 6, 200311:45 am – 12:35 pm

Room 303B


Acknowledgements

• This work is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMI-0239180)

• Copyright Creneaux 2003. This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author.


Why Discuss Interactivity?

• Retains attention and improves recall

• Some subjects cannot be taught without it

• But first, a review of the two kinds of interactivity (from the IT point-of-view)


1. Local Interactivity

• Learner interacts with the latest object delivered to his/her machine

• Involves asset in a single SCO- Java-based web experience

- Flash simulation

- LMS is not involved


2. LMS Interactivity

• LMS selects the next module to be delivered based on a current assessment of learner

• Learning objects measure learner performance and communicate it to the LMS for assessment

• Without it, the learning experience is a predetermined linear sequence of modules, or governed by a table of contents

This is what we are going to talk about today!


Status of LMS Interactivity

• Every LMS vendor has it- Used for product differentiation- Impediment to interoperability

• SCORM v1.3 Working Draft has it- Based on IMS “Simple Sequencing”

Specification v1.0


SCORM 1.3 Sequencing and Navigation is Anything but Simple

LMS sequences learning object delivery (need not be linear) and tailors the learner’s navigation options

State Model

WAITfor Navigation Request

Navigation Behavior

Termination Behavior

Sequencing Behavior

Delivery Request Behavior

Rollup Behavior

Selection and Randomization Behavior

Overall Sequencing Process

Sequencing Request

Termination Request

Delivery Request

Navigation Request (e.g.Continue, Previous,Choose, Exit, etc…)

Runtime DataCommunication

Runtime

Interact with State Model

http://www.adlnet.org/


The Activity Tree is the Heart of SCORM 1.3 S&N

• Each leaf is associated with one SCO

• The rest of the tree aggregates:- Objectives- Performance

assessments- Completions

Course

Module 3

Chapter 1

Lesson 02

Lesson 01

Module 2

Lesson 03

Lesson 02

Lesson 01

Lesson 04

Module 1

Lesson 02

Lesson 01

Chapter 2


Each Activity Contains:• Tracking Model

- Captures information gathered from a learner’s interaction with the associated content objects.

- This is a dynamic run-time (while learner interacts with a content object and the LMS) data model.

• Activity State Model – - Manages sequencing state of each activity in the activity tree.

- This is a dynamic run-time data model utilized by LMS’s sequencing.

• Sequencing Definition Model –- Maps Tracking Model information to defined sequencing behaviors.

- Typically, this is a static data model describing authored sequencing intentions for a given content aggregation


We All Know the Benefits of Learning Object Metadata

1. Search & Discovery2. Reuse3. Outreach, Notoriety, Grant $

Can interactivity likewise be exploited?- Metadata for Sequencing Definitions- We know the cost of metadata…


Benefits of Sequencing Definition Metadata

• To the Author:- Mitigates the difficulty of creating context-less

SCOs

• To the Consumer:- Recommends an operational context for

groups of SCOs- Consumer decides: smaller groups or larger

groups


MPEG-7 Can Unify the Two Kinds of Interactivity

• MPEG-7 is better than SCORM for multimedia asset metadata- MPEG-7 can be rolled-up to SCORM

• Simulations that span across multiple SCOs could benefit from a unified metadata for both simulations and sequencing: SUBOBJECTIVES


A Multi-SCO Simulation

• Video game metaphor• Subliminal transition

between SCOs

StartState

EndState

EndState

EndState

StartState

EndState

EndState

StartState

EndState

EndState

EndState

StartState

EndState

EndState

Enter Here


Conclusion

• Interactivity metadata can- help instructors write small learning objects

- help consumers apply learning objects well

• There are standards, but no enforcement (outside DoD)

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