Thursday, January 8th Bell Work: Please pick up the map labeling worksheet from the back table, a review book from the back shelf, and find your assigned seat. Take the first 15 minutes of class to complete the map labeling worksheet as directed.

Daily Agenda:• Bell Work: Map

Labeling• Socratic Discussion: 1491• Lecture: The First

Americans and European Exploration• Vocab Review: Unit

1.1 and 1.2 SFIs

Essential Question:How might the human and physical environment in North America have been different without the introduction of European peoples?

Homework: Read Brinkley pgs. 18-33. (Review Quiz tomorrow).

Socratic Discussion: • Do you feel that Charles Mann effectively argued that our old

preconceptions of Pre-Columbia America were inaccurate? • What specific examples does he give about inaccurate

preconceptions?• What successes and achievements does the article attribute

the New World?• “I asked seven anthropologists, archeologists, and historians if

they would rather have been a typical Indian or a typical European in 1491. Every one chose to be an Indian.” What reasons were presented for this?

First Americans and European ExplorationUnit 1.1 and 1.2

Who, When, from Where, Why?• What is the difference between immigration and migration?• Long before Columbus , what is the story of how people got to

America?• Land Bridge over Bering Strait• Approx. 20-40 thousand years ago

Development of Civilization• Hunter-gatherers

• What did they do?

• Subsistence farmers• Enough for who?

• City-States• In N & S America,

civilizations came about after there was a surplus of what crop?

Early Cultures in America• Olmec/Mayan in Yucatan Peninsula• Aztec is Central Mexico• Inca in South America• Anasazi and Hohokam – SW USA• Mississippian Culture• Mound builders

• Cahokia Mound (Illinois)• Crystal River

• Ancestors to modern tribes

What is the most important thing to know about the pre-Columbian Native Americans?

• There were hundreds/thousands of different nations.• Not United!• How would that hurt them

against European invaders?

• One group loosely united – Iroquois• Confederation (loose

union) of tribes• Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida,

Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora

Florida Tribes in 1492

• South Florida – Calusa• Middle/NE – Timucua• Panhandle – Apalachee• Plus other smaller tribes

• If you were a Native America living in Citrus County 500 years ago, what area would be best to live?• How would you live?

ExplorationUnit 1.2

Who came before Columbus?• Besides the original Native Americans, one group from Europe - • Vikings• Vineland, around 1000 A.D.

• Why does it not really matter compared to Columbus?

Portugal• Prince Henry the Navigator – Started school, financed

explorations• Portugal would search for route to Asia around Africa• Later Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spain.• Why would the Pope want this in 1494?• What was the problem with it?

1492 Who sailed the Ocean blue?• 1492 - Columbus changes history.• Columbian Exchange• New things in new places.• What are some new things to the New World?• What are some new things to the Old World?• What major agricultural products came to Florida that were not here

before Columbus?

Spanish in the Americas• Conquistadores and the three Gs – Gold, Glory, and God• Cortes and the Aztecs• Repeating theme for Native Americans: • What happened to them once they met Europeans?

• Encomienda System – demanded labor (feudal-like)• What was the problem with Native Americans for labor?• What was the solution?

Spanish in Florida (and Citrus Co.)• Ponce de Leon – 1513. What happened on his 2nd trip?• What is he truly looking for?• Pánfilo de Narváez – 1527

• Hernando de Soto – 1539• St. Augustine (first city established in future US)• Pensacola and missions• Why did the Spanish establish those towns in Florida?

Spanish in the Southwest• Santa Fe established as capital of New Mexico in 1609.• Harsh treatment of Native Americans led to Pueblo Rebellion • Led by Pope in 1680

• California missions in response to Russian Alaska settlement

French in the Americas• Would settle in future Canada, Great Lakes area, and Mississippi

River valley. New France• Explorers – Champlain, Jolliet, Marquette, La Salle• What was their major source of income?• How was their treatment of Native Americans different from other

Europeans? Why?

The Dutch and Swedish • Established trading posts

called Patroons• In New Netherlands• Now New York• New Amsterdam – NYC• Many financial ideas start

• Port Orange – Albany• How was the treatment of Native

Americans by the Dutch?

• Swedish settle in current N.J. area• Taken over by Dutch• Bring to America the log cabin

Early British Exploration• Sir Francis Drake and raids on Spanish• John Cabot and the search for the Northwest Passage • Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 open door for English• Roanoke – “The Lost Colony” – founded in 1587• Virginia Dare – 1st English child born in North America• What happened to it?

• Croatan

Jamestown - 1607• Virginia Company / London Company• Joint-stock company – purpose is to make $$$• What were they looking for?

• John Smith• Powhattan and his daughter (who is that?)

• Starving Time (1609/10)• Saved (economically) by John Rolfe and his “brown gold”• Virginia Company later bankrupted, Virginia became the 1st royal colony.

Vocab Review:• Anasazi, Hohokam, Mississippian Cultures• Mounds• Maize• Confederation• Subsistence Farming• Pueblo Revolt• Conquistadors• Jamestown • John Rolfe / John Smith / Pocahontas• Encomienda• Patroons