Thunderstorms and Lightning And Monsoons. Thunderstorms Convective storm accompanied by lightning. ...
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Thunderstorms and Lightning
And Monsoons
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Thunderstorms
• Convective storm accompanied by lightning.
parcels of air heat and rise; draw in air from the environment creating strong updrafts (40 mph)
falling precipitation produces downdrafts
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Hail
Hard balls of ice, at least 5 mm across; made of layers of ice.
Hailstones are caught in updraft in thunderstorm cloud; they begin to fall, but are caught again in updraft; they re-ascend, outer part freezes …and this continues
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Hail formation
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Strength of updraft determines size of hailstones.
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7 inch monster
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Amazing hail stories…
• Worst hailstorms in world in Bangladesh and Deccan plateau of India.– 1988: 246 fatalities, India– 25% of hailstorms produce stones ≥ 1 inch
(4 – 7% in US Plains)
• Can accumulate 4 ft. deep, Nebraska, 1987
• 2 fatalities US, greatest damage to crops($1 billion annually)
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Lightning
• An electrical discharge from a thunderstorm.
• Can heat air to 54000˚F (5 x sun)
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thought to be due to collisions of unlike particle sizes
TOP positive
BOTTOM negative
Charges separate within cloud
+
+
++
+
+
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Induces positive charge on ground
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Lightning types
• Within clouds (80%)
• Between clouds (“sheet lightning”)
• Between ground and clouds
• “Heat Lightning” : light reflected by clouds from distant thunderstorms occurring beyond horizon
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thunder
Heating and expanding of air in wake of lightning
sends out sound waves
it takes thunder 5 seconds to travel 1 mile
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Lightning safety:
1. seek shelter
2. avoid conductors : pipes, stoves, wires
(metal car or truck is safe, but back of a pickup is NOT safe; cloth-top convertible is NOT safe)
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Avoid:
Tall,isolated objects
Bicycles
High areas
Bodies of water
Mowers or tractors
Individual trees (groves are better)
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Warning signs of lightning about to strike:
IF your hair stands on end…..
Drop to knees, bend forward to make body small, do NOT lie flat.
Lightning can strike same spot twice.
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Boy on left was struck by lightning moments after photo was taken. Boy on right gave CPR and saved him. Hiker nearby was killed by lightning.
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Victims:
Carry no charge
Need: mouth to mouth
Treatment for burns, shock
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Monsoons
A wind reversal system that switches from winter to summer.
Most pronounced: Asian monsoon:
seasonal reversal of winds over Asian landmass due to migration of ITCZ and positions of pressure centers.
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WINTER
• Dry, offshore winds over Asia
– Siberian High ITCZ low
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Cherrapunji received 87 ft of rain in 1861, most between April and October, 30.5 ft of it in July alone!!
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SUMMER
• Warm, wet onshore winds over Asia bring heavy precipitation
– Indian Ocean ITCZ