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Through the eyes of young observers – Geographers imagine, image and create futures
Margaret Robertson
Professor of EducationLa Trobe University, Melbourne
Annual conference, July 2012
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The Olympic Magic
Tweets; Blogs; FacebookIphone; GIS??; Pics etc etc
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The Formal Context – three aligned (?) mantras
• The Australian Curriculum – Geography. See Australia n Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority
• Professional standards for accomplished school geography teaching See http://www.geogstandards.edu.au/
This project was partly funded through an Australian Research Council Linkages grant. It is an initiative of the Melbourne Graduate School of Education at the University of Melbourne; Australian Geography Teachers' Association (AGTA) ; Geography Teachers’ Association of Victoria (GTAV) ; Victorian Institute of Teaching (VIT)
• Geographers’ capabilities (Bachelor’s degree). See https://www.iag.org.au/about-geography/geographers-capabilities/ These Threshold Learning Outcomes were endorsed in November 2010 by the: Australian Academy of Science’s National Committee for Geography, Australian Geography Teachers’ Association, Geographical Society of New South Wales, Institute of Australian Geographers, Royal Geographical Society of Queensland, and Royal Geographical Society of South Australia.
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The ‘real world’Geography and the world of work
• For reference see the Report on the Spatial industry at http://www.agta.asn.au/news/other/spatial_industry_report.pdf
• Consider the workforce tiers: - industry, trades, professions, and….
• Highlights the commodification of GIS or photogrammetry or geoinformatics in everyday life.
• Everybody ‘trades’ in geospatial data!!
Our challenge – joining the dots for students, policy makers and schooling
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The dilemma
What stays?• All the old concepts of
knowing, thinking, and doing remain– Space and place– Distributions and patterns– Interconnectedness – Mapping– Planning– Fieldwork– Questioning and discovering
What’s changed?• The concepts are the same,
but….• Our tools have turned labours
of love and endless hours of hand drawing, recording and processing into instant sources of ‘endpoints’; ‘products’; ‘outcomes’.
• AND, kids are our best trainers to ‘get good’ with them – if we let them!! However….history is important for pointing the way
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1675? The Orient
Nicola Bailleul le Jeune, 1750
Hollandia Nova detecta 1644 ; Terre Australe decouuerte l'an 1644
Geography ‘Matters’ Early charts
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Indigenous landscape artists
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Colonial artist’s view of the indigenous landscape – painting by John Glover of Tasmanian Aborigines - 1837
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Olegas Truchanas – explorer, photographer inspirational leader of the conservation literature and wilderness ethic (1923-72). A passionate advocate for the beauty, rarity and unique features of nature. A ‘new’ landscape aesthetic – the home of the ‘Greens’!
Lake Pedder, 1960s
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1937
Tokyo earthquake, 1923
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..geography is seen as having moved from a catalogue of facts about the earth’s surface to a reasoned description of the influence of physical factors on human activities and more recently to a science of spatial correlations, i.e. the study of relationships between difference distributions on the earth’s surface. (Graves, 1972, p.18)
Recent past...predicting our times
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East meets West in 2010via satellite imagery
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From this…
To this…
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From
This in 1996 – Land Use UK project To this in 2009
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So what are the ‘threats’?
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Pandora/s …worlds.
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Helmut’s world - Parkour
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‘Modern Geography’• Borders – redefined: it’s personal, now and immediate• Expeditions – RGS; risk taking• Twitteratterie – short bites• E-democracy – personalised learning – ‘counter geographies’• Energy – personal zest for living, making things happen• Bio-security; well-being and health• Building optimism (anti-pessimism)• Doing versus sitting• Curiosity and wonder for all that’s happening• Updating updating updating eg world bank figures• Anti-stereotypes• Valuing the past….???
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Country 2001 2009 2010-11
World 15.6 69.0 78.2
Algeria 78.6 92.4
Argentina 18.1 128.8 141.8
Australia 110.7 100.9
Bangladesh 46.2
Chile 96.9 116.0
China 11.4 56.1 64.2
Egypt 87.1
Finland 80.5 144.2 144.2
Germany 128.9 127.9
Japan 58.8 90.1 94.7
Korea, Rep. 61.3 98.4 103.9
Papua NG 27.8
Saudi Arabia 12.0 176.7 187.9
Singapore 72.3 133.4 145.5
Thailand 103.6
UK 78.3 144.2 130.3
US 45.1 97.2 90.2
Vietnam 1.6 130.0 177.2
Yemen 0.8 46.1
The World Bank – mobile phones per 100 people
The personal tools – ubiquitous!
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And, our planet earth…hence the big issues that need our guidance as teachers of geography are..
• Sustainability – what does it mean?• Climate change• Governance – Shifting East.
– The ‘west’ meets Feng Shui • Bio-security• Energy • Mobilities – actual and virtual
– Employment (eg mining industry)• New ‘imaginaries’ or landscape aesthetics for living our
lives. Revaluing nature!
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Series editors: John Chi-Kin Lee; Michael Williams and Philip StimpsonSee also Robertson, M. & Lee, J. (2009) From School-based Curriculum to Whole-school Approaches to School Development. In J.Lee & M.Williams (Eds) Schooling for Sustainable Development In China: Experience With Younger Children. Dordrecht: Springer
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Building confidence to meet these major societal shifts requires..
• Clear vision of what counts• Resilience to make change happen• Good support networks• Professional development – ongoing• ‘Time out’ to reflect – often• Working collaboratively with colleagues in all disciplines
and• Negotiating pathways for learning – one size does not fit
all!2 projects to illustrate..
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• Bringing together physical/natural and social sciences• Collaborative projects• Building from local initiatives• Creating opportunities• Sharing resources• Encouraging ‘understanding’…..
A strong multi-discipline focus
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Case Study samples from Australia, UK, The Netherlands, Kenya, Finland, Singapore, Taiwan, US, Colombia, Chile
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Contributors• Margaret Robertson (La Trobe Uni – Australia and UK)
• Sirpa Tani (University of Helsinki)
• Taina Kaivola and Hannele Rikkinen (Uni. of Helsinki)
• Tene Beneker (Uni. Of Utrecht, The Netherlands)
• Geok Chin Ivy TAN (NIE, Singapore)
• Rex Walford, Molly Warrington and Margaret Robertson (University of Cambridge)
• Sarah Shucksmith and Molly Warrington (Uni. of Cambridge)
• Jeremy Chan (NTNU Taiwan)
• Osvaldo Muniz-Solari and Carmen Brysch (Texas State University)
• Ximena Cortés-Quezada (Universidad de La Serena) and Osvaldo Muniz-Solari
• Ruth Quiroz-Posada (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin) and Osvaldo Muñiz-Solari
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Research Aims
To capture the views and visions that young people (ages 12 years and 15 years) have of the world . [Much of the
information gained relates to free-flowing conversations with volunteer students.]
Gather cross cultural input for comparisons
Attempt to collate these views from diverse cultures and backgrounds
Global themes grounded in situated realities of local communities
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• Step 1: personal ‘brainstorm’
Common methodology – modified Delphi technique
ME
GOALS
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
FAMILY
SCHOOL
FAVOURITE PLACES
DREAMS
PUZZLES
OTHER - SELF NOMINATING
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• Robertson, M & Gerber, R (2001) Children's Ways of Knowing: Learning Through Experience, Camberwell, Australia, ACER Press.
• Robertson, M & Williams, M (2004) Young People, Leisure and Place: Cross-cultural Perspectives, Hauppauge, N.Y., Nova Science Publishers.
• Robertson, M & Gerber, R (2007) Children's Lifeworlds: Locating Indigenous Voices, New York, Nova Scientific.
• Abbott Chapman, J & Robertson, M (2009) Adolescents' favourite places: redefining the boundaries between private and public space, Space and Culture, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.419-434.
• Robertson, M (2009) Young "netizens" creating public citizenship in cyberspace, International Research in Geographical and Environment Education, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp.287-293.
Background studies
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Small group studies – Rural Victoria (Australia)
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Step 2: sharing and collating
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Step 3: Collating the responses in focus groups
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Laura : My first future concern is my job. I’ll be 24 in 2020 and I would like to have made it as an author by then, or at least a reporter for some sort of newspaper or magazine. My next concern diseases. I would want to have my health, friends and families health good.
Claudia : One of my future concerns is probably finding a job that I can earn money from and also one that I will enjoy doing.
Step 4: Presenting their ideas
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Singapore
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Kenya
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Haarlem – The Netherlands
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Peterborough - UK
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US - Texas
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Taiwan
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Colombia
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Chile
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Summary themes – tentative
• Focus on personal ambitions – education, jobs, money and success. At a ‘home’ level they appear optimistic.
• Concerns repeated in all transcripts– Climate change– Global poverty– Drought – Pollution– Health well being – drugs, obesity and violence issues– Technology .......not so much. It IS!!!
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• Relationships are fundamental to success
• Local and global must intersect
• The ‘everyday’ requires research, knowledge building and respect
• Communities start from a place – fixed in real space and time OR in virtual space and time
• Young people think and act differently – they have creative ideas and practices that are fundamental to our futures
Educational Outreach and Futures Thinking
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The role of the individual
and aesthetics in neo-liberal
politics ‘flat’ world
utopianism
The concept of the state;
its curriculum and
mandated outcomes
The relationship
between absolute and
relative space. (eg world city concept)
How we construct new visions in such
contexts?
Can we imagine.....
other places and
space/time relationship
Can we lift ourselves to
embrace liberty?
Can we adapt to change and
promote hope?
Our challenges conceptually are...
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Towards a new curriculum, from..
The Four Traditions of Geography (Pattison, 1963)
• Spatial tradition• An area studies tradition• A man [sic]-land tradition, and • An earth science tradition.
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To..a new theoretical approach based on the old and…
Personalised enquiry based learning
Negotiated curriculum and knowledge content
Co-learning with peers and teachers
Fieldwork, discovery and learning by doing
GIS and applications of digital technologies to spatial data analysis
The imperative of tolerance, understanding and cooperation.
Assessment based on geographical reasoning and process
Regular student led reviews and feedback sessions
A focus on humanity and the soul of civilization
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Physical
Technology/
GIS
Human
Perceptions of Environments as a complex web of interactions
Refer: Zimmerman, 2010
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Teaching challenge - helping children to become global citizens. We need
‘smart’ classrooms, fresh thinking and courage.
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Time to get on our bikes!
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…and provide time for learning…perhaps even invent new rules
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Thank you!