Three kingdoms overview
Transcript of Three kingdoms overview
Ancient Egypt: The Three Kingdoms
Early Egypt
Irrigation and farming techniques led to an (1) EXCESS of food, so people had time to weave, sculpt, make pottery, and make weapons and tools
This led to trade among Egyptian settlements and eventually other (2) CIVILIZATIONS
It also created a need for a (3) CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT.
Governments Emerge
Village chiefs unified area villages into small (4) KINGDOMS
By (5) 4000 BC, two strong kingdoms remained: (6) LOWER EGYPT IN THE NILE DELTA, AND UPPER EGYPT UP RIVER IN THE SOUTH
Unification
C. 3100 BC, (7) MENES, also known as Narmer, was king of Upper Egypt
He invaded Lower Egypt with his army and ruled from the new capital, (8) MEMPHIS, on the border between Upper and Lower Egypt
To symbolize unification, Menes wore a double crown
The white helmet-like crown represented (9)UPPER EGYPT
The open (10) RED crown represented Lower Egypt
Narmer, wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, a false beard, and tail,
ready to strike the enemy.
A royal sandal bearer carries Narmer’s shoes
The falcon represents Horus, the god of
kingship
Reed plants, which grow in the Nile Delta, represent Lower Egypt
The Narmer Palette
First Dynasty
Menes and his family were the first Egyptian (10) DYNASTY, or series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group
Overall, Egypt had (11) 31 dynasties between 3100 BC - 322BC
Old Kingdom: 2686-2125 BC
During the Old Kingdom, Egypt was (12) PEACEFUL, which led to growth and prosperity
Pharaohs built cities, expanded trade, and strengthened the government
(13) TRADE was primarily with Nubia and the east coast of the Mediterranean
It came to an end when the dynasties grew weak because (14) GOVERNORS CHALLENGED THE PHAROH’S POWER
Middle Kingdom: 2055-1650 BC
A time of (15) PEACE and order
Money was spent on (16) PUBLIC WORKS INSTEAD OF WAR
Weaker rulers came to power and foreign invaders took over
New Kingdom: 1567-1069 BC
Strong princes came to power and drove out foreigners
Created huge (17) ARMIES made of foot soldiers, mounted warriors, and charioteers with bronze swords and armor, a major advantage
This was the high point in Egyptian history
After the New Kingdom
(18) CIVIL WAR weakened the country and ended the New Kingdom
In (19) 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered Egypt
The (20) ROMANS conquered Egypt in 31 BC