Threats to Biodiversity
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Transcript of Threats to Biodiversity
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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Vijaya Raj SubediVijaya Raj SubediKamal GautamKamal Gautam
Yam Nath PokhrelYam Nath PokhrelThal Bahadur TamangThal Bahadur Tamang
Yadav SigdelYadav SigdelSatya Narayan ShahSatya Narayan Shah
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Introduction/definition of biodiversity
• Type/level of biodiversity
• Importance of biodiversity
• Threats to biodiversity• Summary
Local people hunting wild bee
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Introduction/definition/concept
• Biodiversity (biological diversity) is the total variety of life on Earth.
• Refers to heterogeneity, variability, unevenness
• Includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
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TYPE/LEVEL OF BIODIVERSITYGenetic diversity
Refers variability in the genetic constitution of different individuals within a species
Species Diversity refers to the frequency and variety of species (wild or domesticated) within a geographical area. Estimated # of species- 5 to 30 million in the world
Ecosystem Diversity refers to different ecosystems-Offers variety of habitats. -118 ecosystems in Nepal.
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SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEMS IN NEPAL
Searching for nectar
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IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
• Socio-economic value– Food value– Medicinal value (40% of modern
medicine from plant or animal)– Future use value– Energy– Source (Propagation and raw material)
• Cultural value– Religious (Pond, Religious trees,
animals, plants, mountains worshiped)
• Ecological and aesthetic value– Environment– Ecosystem balance– Hydrological cycle– Landscape and scenic beauty
Muktinath temple
Use of wet lands in Nepal
Wild horses
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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM LOSS
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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY-SPECIES LOSS
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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY-GENETIC RESOURCES LOSS
• Small population and inbreeding
• Lack of corridor and connectivity
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SUMMARY• Biodiversity (biological diversity) is the total variety of life on earth. It
refers variation among living things.• The variation is considered at three levels: i) gene (genetic diversity), ii)
Species (species diversity) and iii) Ecosystem (ecosystem diversity)• Biodiversity is important because it has
– Socio-economic value– Cultural value– Ecological and aesthetic value
• The following factors are threatening (contribution to loss) biodiversity:– Conversion of forests and wet lands into agriculture– Illegal felling, grazing and grass cutting– Haphazard fire– Soil erosion– Pollution and environmental degradation– Poaching and hunting– Over use– Introduction of exotic varieties– Habitat loss– Predation, competition and other impacts of alien species– Hybridization with alien species– Small population and inbreeding– Lack of corridor and connectivity
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REFERENCES
• Nepal Biodiversity Strategy 2002
• Encarta 2006• Ecology by Miller
THANKS!