Threats And Responses
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Transcript of Threats And Responses
Threats and Responses
Internal Threats
Sichuan Earthquake
Tsunami
Diseases
Civil Wars
Internal threats in India
• Floods– Flooding of the Indus River– Cities were rebuilt
• Mohenjo-Daro was re-built 6 times• Harappa was re-built 5 times
– Flooding of the Ganges River• Cites of Hastinapur
Internal threats in India
• Famines– Severe food shortage– Usually after a drought
Internal threats in India
• Warfare – Wars between rival states– Existence of social class seeking power
• Kshatriyas in the social class system
– Existence of ancient Indians loyal to different kingdoms in India
Internal threats in India
• Diplomacy– Friendship, support and trade will benefit their
kingdoms
Internal threats in India
• Rebellion– When people are unhappy with their rulers– When unpopular laws were implemented
• Mauryan king killed and the dynasty fell
Internal threats in India
• Spy system– To watch over the provinces– Not always successful
Internal threats in China
• Floods– Yellow River, Yangtze River– Build dykes
Internal threats in China
• Famines– Especially during the Ming dynasty
Internal threats in China
• Civil Wars– Zhou dynasty = period of the warring states
(Qi, Qin, Han, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Yan)• Large armies and iron weapons used• Many casaulties• Instability, changed boundaries• Qin Kingdom, led by Prince Zheng unified China• He removed the feudal system where the shi must
respect the king
Internal threats in China
• Peasant rebellion– Farmers unhappy with the emperor and his
laws– Losing Mandate of Heaven
• Wang Mang was overthrown by the Red Eyebrows
Internal threats in China
• Military rebellion– An Lushan over threw emperor Tang
Xuanzong– Yang Gui fei made An Lushan the empire’s
army commander• Caused much protest but emperor did not deal
with matter properly• An Lushan seized opportunity to overthrow the
emperor
Internal threats in SEA
• Natural Disaster– Volcanic eruptions
• Mt Merapi in Java killed many and covered Borobudur complex with ash
• Shifted capital from central Java to east Java
Internal threats in SEA
• Succession disputes– Saudara susu - internal struggles to govern– Princes try to seize the throne
Internal threats in SEA
• Warfare and rebellion– Melaka taken over by Portuguese due to the
weak Sultan Mahmud– Took advices from the Bendahara Tun Perak
(PM)
Internal threats in SEA
• Rebellion– Sultan Mahmud’s unwise and unpopular
policies• Forced Chinese traders to hand over ships• Made non-muslims pay higher taxes• Did not allow Portuguese to trade at Melaka in
1509 – angered them