THREADED HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPE GENERAL ... · specification API 5B. The 8 round is...

THREADED HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPEGENERAL PRODUCT CATALOGUE

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YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX®

General Product Catalogue

THREADED HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPEGENERAL PRODUCT CATALOGUE

DOC. HP-TCD-002 Rev.3 20150201Issue Date: 2nd February 2015


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TERMS OF USE

All information was correct at the time of publication. However, we reserve the right to alter, amend and update any of the products, systems and services described in this brochure.We accept no responsibility for the interpretation of statements made.

© Copyright by Future Pipe Industries

This document contains confidential and proprietary information. Reproduction or disclosure of any part of this document is only allowed with written authorization by Future Pipe Industries.

Occasionally, Future Pipe Industries will provide updates to this catalogue. In order to assure that the reader is using the most current version, please visit our website at www.futurepipe.com

All rights are vested at Future Pipe Industries.

For questions and inquiries, please contact the nearest Future Pipe Industries’ sales office or sales agent through http://www.futurepipe.com/en/contact/

1



TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 YELLOW BOX® & GREEN BOX® HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPE

3 QUALITY ASSURANCE, CERTIFICATIONS & RELEVANT STANDARDS

4 YELLOW BOX® & GREEN BOX® THREADED CONNECTION

5 APPLICATIONS

6 ADVANTAGES

7 MANUFACTURING PROCESS7.1 Filament Winding7.2 Curing7.3 Mandrel Extraction or De-Molding7.4 Calibration & Thread Forming 7.5 Shop / Mill Hydrostatic Testing

8 MARKING, IDENTIFICATION & COLOR CODING8.1 Marking8.2 Identification8.3 Color Coding

9 TYPICAL MECHANICAL & HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES OF PIPE

10 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PIPE

11 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION SUMMARY FOR API DESIGN PRODUCTS

12 SITE HYDRO TEST PRESSURE

13 DEFINITION OF DESIGN PRESSURE & PRESSURE RATING

14 DEFINITION OF DESIGN TEMPERATURE & TEMPERATURE RATING

15 PRODUCT RANGE – PIPE + PRIME CONNECTION (API 15HR DESIGN SERIES)

16 PRODUCT TECHNICAL DATASHEETS – API 15HR DESIGN

17 FITTINGS’ PRODUCT RANGE17.1 Flange17.2 Coupling17.3 Nipple17.4 Elbow – 22.5°, 45° and 90°17.5 Tee17.6 Reducer Bushing17.7 Reducer Coupling17.8 Swage17.9 Tapered Bond-On Field Thread17.10 Sub Joint17.11 Pup Joint17.12 Stainless Steel Adaptors

18 CHANGES OF DIRECTION (GENERAL GUIDELINES ON ELBOW-USAGE)

19 HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES & PRESSURE LOSS CHARTS19.1 Using Pressure Loss Charts – An Example19.2 Calculation of Flow Properties in a Fiberglass Pipeline

19.2.1 Maximum Velocity for Clear Liquids19.2.2 Maximum Velocity for Corrosive or Erosive Fluids19.2.3 Minimum Pipe Diameter for Clear Liquids19.2.4 Minimum Pipe Diameter for Corrosive or Erosive Fluids19.2.5 Pipe Head Loss Calculation19.2.6 Fittings’ Head Loss Calculation

19.3 Head Loss and Pressure Loss Calculation – An Example19.4 Pressure Loss Charts

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5

6

7

8

9999

1010

11111112

13

14

14

15

15

15

16

17

28282828292929292929303030

31

3131323232333333353537

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1. INTRODUCTION

Pipe systems were first developed from clay and wood, but since the Industrial Revolution, materials such as steel, ductile iron and concrete have become more prevalent. Fiberglass pipe was first developed in the 1950s to serve the oil and gas industry.

Today the world needs pipe to survive. We are reliant on water, gas and oil; pipes carry these materials from their source to their users. Pipes also carry away waste and sewage, from factories and homes.

Pipes are used across a diverse number of end-markets for transmission & distribution, or as engineering & manufacturing components. Historically, certain pipe materials have been associated with particular end-markets and applications e.g. steel pipes for gas transmission, however, fiberglass has gained increasing acceptance in many end-markets.

Since the 1970s, fiberglass technology has evolved to enable fiberglass to be used as either the pipe material of choice or a feasible alternative for certain applications, across all end-markets.

Fiberglass possesses certain physical qualities which for many applications make it a superior alternative to traditionally used pipe materials.

Competitive attributes of fiberglass:• Corrosion Resistant – Fiberglass is fully resistant to a

broad range of aggressive corrosive chemicals that are frequently encountered in many industries today. Leakage from corrosion is significantly less than other materials meaning a longer life than other more corrosive materials.

• Lightweight – Lower transportation cost, lower installation cost, and a significantly lesser environmental impact during construction and installation than other materials such as steel or concrete.

• Durable – Survives harsh conditions with lower replacement needs than steel, ductile iron and concrete.

• Efficient carrier – Better hydraulic performance than steel, ductile iron, and concrete.

• Minimal maintenance – No coatings are required and no cathodic protection systems are required.

• Versatile material – Works in a multitude of applications and end-markets.

This catalogue provides descriptions, specifications and details concerning Future Pipe Industries’ high pressure fiberglass reinforced epoxy line pipe products.

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2. YELLOW BOX® & GREEN BOX® HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPE

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® line pipe is a machine-made composite material produced by the filament winding method combining high strength continuous glass fiber filaments and corrosion resistant epoxy resin onto a steel mandrel. The material is specially formulated to result in a structurally and chemically optimized product. The resin system employed is a Bisphenol-A based epoxy resin heat cured with an aromatic amine based hardener; this formulation produces the highest mechanical strength, thermal resistance and corrosion resistance of all commercially available resin systems used in fabrication of fiberglass piping.

The GREEN BOX® product (also called as the YELLOW BOX® WITH LINER) consists of the YELLOW BOX® product with an additional ½ mm (0.02”) thick inner resin rich liner for enhanced chemical resistance.

The GREEN BOX® products can be selected by using the same YELLOW BOX® technical datasheets in section 16. The product code in the datasheets will start with “G” instead of “Y” during inquiries for GREEN BOX®

products.

GREEN BOX® pipe is only available with Integral Joint (IJ) connection type and with a maximum nominal size of 10”S (pipe inner diameter 225 mm).

5



3. QUALITY ASSURANCE, CERTIFICATIONS & RELEVANT STANDARDS

Future Pipe Industries’ quality management system is certified to be in compliance with ISO-9001.

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® line pipe can be supplied with API specification 15HR monogram (specification for high pressure fiberglass line pipe) under an API license.

To ensure their long term performance, the design basis is verified using long term testing and regression analysis as per ASTM D2992, at the required design temperature or higher.

Future Pipe Industries enforces strict and meticulous quality control policy, in-line with leading international standards. This enables optimum performance of our pipe systems over their entire service life when installed correctly as per the recommendations in our Installation Manual.

Line Pipe conforms to the following ASTM specifications:ASTM D 2310 – 06YELLOW BOX® Designation: RTRP-11AXYELLOW BOX® with Liner Designation: RTRP-11CXGREEN BOX® Designation: RTRP-11FX

ASTM D 2996 – 06YELLOW BOX® Designation: RTRP-11AX1-2111YELLOW BOX® with Liner Designation: RTRP-11CX1-2111GREEN BOX® Designation: RTRP-11FX1-2111

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4. YELLOW BOX® & GREEN BOX® THREADED CONNECTION

For all nominal pipe sizes up to 10”, YELLOW BOX®

and GREEN BOX® line pipe utilize the reliable, time proven 8 round (8RD) threads which are made as per specification API 5B. The 8 round is recommended as a standard thread design by API 15HR.

For nominal pipe sizes of 12” and above, special 6 round or 4 round threads are utilized. These special threads are designed with higher pitch, while the thread form has been derived from API 5B. This thread design is optimum for joint makeup of larger nominal diameter pipe.

Joint sealing is obtained by means of fiberglass material itself. A high performance sealing compound and Teflon® tape are used to enhance the sealing strength of the joint. No rubber O-rings or any other non-fiberglass-materials are required in a YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® connection.

Depending on the nominal pipe size, filament wound integral joint female ends (IJ) or threaded couplings (TC) are utilized in the prime connection.

Standard-length YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® line pipe is shipped in overall lengths of either 30 feet or 10 meters from female (box) end to male (pin) end. The effective laying length for each standard pipe will be equal to its overall length minus the length of the male thread (~4” to 8” or ~100 mm to 200 mm).

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5. APPLICATIONS

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems are designed for medium to high pressure oilfield and industrial line pipe service.

Standard static pressure series are available from 500 psi and upwards in increments of 250 psi. Our high-strength, non-corroding line pipe is offered in 2 through 24 inch sizes with threaded connections.

Section 16 includes the technical datasheets for all standard sizes available with each pressure class. Please consult Future Pipe Industries for larger diameters or higher pressures not listed in the datasheets.

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems are recommended for use in:• Salt water injection and water flood lines• Medium to high pressure transmission lines• CO2 injection and recovery lines• Crude oil (containing H2S and CO2) & gas flow lines,

as well as gathering systems• Chemical effluent and waste disposal lines• Water distribution systems• Multiphase flow lines

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6. ADVANTAGES

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems have the following advantages:

GENERAL:• Long term reliability. Designed for service life of 20 years;

higher design life time of up to 50 years is available on request

• Available in the highest pressure ratings in the industry• Suitable for a temperature range of -76°F (-60°C) to

+212°F (+100°C) 1• No concerns over cyclic pressure changes• Manufactured from aromatic-amine, heat-cured epoxy

resin using the filament winding method which provides the combination of the highest mechanical and chemical resistance for fiberglass pipe systems

CONNECTION:• Joint sealing is obtained by fiberglass material itself.

Hence, use of other sealing material such as rubber O-rings is completely avoided

• Liquid and gas-tight threaded connections

COST:• Low life cycle costs• Minimal maintenance; no coating or cathodic

protection is required• Low transportation and installation costs due to light weight

HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE:• Low friction losses. Minimum Hazen-Williams coefficient (C)

of 150 over the entire life time for typical oil & gas services• Reduced paraffin and scale build-up

CHEMICAL / CORROSION RESISTANCE:• No external corrosion from aggressive soils and ground water• Resistant to internal corrosion from saline or brackish flood

water, high water-cuts, H2S, CO2, and most oilfield fluids• Outstanding broad spectrum corrosion resistance

QUALITY CONTROL:• FPI does not conduct random sampling testing. Each pipe

and component is pressure tested at a minimum of 1.25 times the design pressure

EASE OF INSTALLATION:• Light weight; safe and easy installation• Faster installation; less excavation; less personnel and

equipment requirement compared to steel pipe

CorrodedCS System

CorrodedCS Pipe

Smooth inside surface of fiberglass pipe

1 For applications with a design temperature greater than 150°F (65°C), contact Future Pipe Industries to obtain a suitable product class (i.e. de-rating factor).

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7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Future Pipe Industries uses state-of-the-art filament winding technology for manufacturing fiberglass (composite) pipe.

Some main stages of pipe production are described below:

7.1 Filament WindingDuring the filament winding process, a carriage (which transports impregnated glass fibers) travels across a rotating steel mandrel. A CNC program controls the rotational speed of the mandrel, and the translational speed of the winding carriage. The winding angle and the number of layers in the pipe are pre-selected from the CNC program. YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX®

pipes are wound at an angle of 55° to the axial direction for optimum bi-axial strength when subjected to internal pressure.

Roving bobbins are placed on a rack, and glass rovings are drawn through a ceramic ‘eye’ to an impregnation unit on the carriage. An automatic dosing machine produces the precise mixture of resin and curing agent.

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7.2 CuringAfter the filament winding process is complete, the pipe and mandrel are heated up by inserting into a hot curing oven or by circulating steam inside the mandrel for curing. Both pipe and mandrel are rotated during this stage to ensure a uniform cure.

7.3 Mandrel Extraction or De-MoldingIf the pipe contains an integral female (box) thread, the steel mold which is used to form the thread is now unscrewed. The steel mandrel is then hydraulically pulled out of the pipe.

7.4 Calibration & Thread FormingThe pipe is cut to the correct length. Depending on the nominal pipe size and pressure series, male (pin) threads are formed either by using precision machining (resulting in a machined pin thread) or by thread casting (resulting in a molded pin thread).

7.5 Shop / Mill Hydrostatic Testing100% of YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® products are hydrostatically mill tested at ambient conditions before dispatch. All products manufactured by Future Pipe Industries are mill tested at a minimum of 1.25 times their design pressure for a minimum of 2 minutes.

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8. MARKING, IDENTIFICATION & COLOR CODING

8.1 MarkingEach pipe section, coupler and fitting is marked with the following information:• Nominal size• Pressure series• Manufacturing specification (if applicable)• Manufacturer’s name• Manufacturing date• Unique identification numberSpecific marking requirement by customers can be arranged.

8.2 IdentificationTypical line pipe label:

ITEM : PIPENOMINAL SIZE : 6”PRESSURE SERIES : 1500 psiSPECIFICATION : XXX Example: API 15 HR

YELLOW BOX®

FUTURE PIPE INDUSTRIES(MANUFACTURING LOCATION)

DATE OF MANUFACTURE : DD/MM/YYUNIQUE IDENTIFICATION : XXXXXXXXX

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8.3 Color CodingYELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® generally use color coding system for easy identification.

There are two or three stripes painted near both ends of the pipe. These stripes signify the pipeline type and pressure series. Each series is given its own color identification.

Series Equivalent color code

500Gold

750 Orange

1,000Black

1,250Silver

1,500White

1,750Silver + Gold

2,000Blue

2,250Silver + Black

2,500Green

2,750White + Silver

product type

first stripe

second stripe

product type

first stripe

second stripe

product type

Color coding example: YELLOW BOX® 2250

Pipeline type(YELLOW BOX®)

Series

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9. TYPICAL MECHANICAL & HYDROSTATIC PROPERTIES OF PIPE

The below mechanical properties have been measured at a standard lab temperature of 73.5°F (23°C), unless specified otherwise. The pipe is filament wound at an angle of 55° to the pipe axis.

Property Test method Units Value Units Value

Hoop tensile stress(hydrostatic at weep, bi-axial)

ASTM D1599 PSI 36,250 N/mm2 250

Hoop tensile stress(mechanical, uni-axial)

ASTM D2290 PSI 30,450 N/mm2 210

Hoop tensile modulus ASTM D2290 PSI (X106) 2.97 N/mm2 20,500

Hoop bending stress ASTM D2412 PSI 13,050 N/mm2 90

Hoop bending modulus ASTM D2412 PSI (X106) 2.97 N/mm2 20,500

Axial tensile stress (hydrostatic at weep, bi-axial)

ASTM D1599 PSI 18,125 N/mm2 125

Axial tensile stress (mechanical, uni-axial)

ASTM D2105 PSI 9,400 N/mm2 65

Axial tensile modulus ASTM D2105 PSI (X106) 1.52 N/mm2 10,500

Axial bending stress - PSI 11,600 N/mm2 80

Axial bending modulus ASTM D2925 PSI (X106) 1.52 N/mm2 10,500

Shear modulus - PSI (X106) 1.66 N/mm2 11,500

20 year Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) at 150°F (65°C)

ASTM D2992-B

PSI 18,991 N/mm2 130.9

20 year Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) at 203°F (95°C)

ASTM D2992-B

PSI 16,917 N/mm2 116.6

Poisson’s ratio (h/a) 1 API 15HR - 0.65 - 0.65

Poisson’s ratio (a/h) 2 Calculated - 0.33 - 0.33

1 h/a (major) – contraction in axial tensile direction, load applied in hoop tensile direction.2 a/h (minor) – contraction in hoop tensile direction, load applied in axial tensile direction; this value has been

calculated using the compliance equation.

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10. TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PIPE

Property Test method Units Value Units Value

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion

ASTM D696in/in/°F(X10-5)

1.1mm/mm/°C

(X10-5)2.0

Thermal conductivity ASTM C177BTU/ft/hour/°F

0.17 W/m/K 0.29

Specific heat - BTU/lb/°F 0.22 J/kg/K 921

Glass content(by mass)

ASTM D2584 %

75 ± 5 (for pipe)

70 ± 5(for fittings)

%

75 ± 5 (for pipe)


Glass content(by volume)

ASTM D2584 %

58 ± 7(for pipe)


%

58 ± 7(for pipe)


Density of the laminate ASTM D792 lb/in3 0.07 kg/m3 1,850

Specific gravity ASTM D792 - 1.85 - 1.85

Barcol hardness ASTM D2583 - 35 - 35

Absolute pipe wall roughness - inch 0.0004 mm 0.01

Minimum flow coefficient (C) Hazen Williams - 150 - 150

Surface Roughness parameter (e) AWWA M45 ft (X10-5) 1.7 m (X10-6) 5.18

Roughness coefficient (n) Manning - 0.009 - 0.009

11. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION SUMMARY FOR API DESIGN PRODUCTS

All of the below given parameters of API 15HR designed YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems comply with the requirements stated in API 15HR (specification for high pressure fiberglass line pipe):

• Pipe inside diameter

• Pressure rating and pipeline design methodology

• Service life

• Long term & short term hydrostatic and mechanical strength

• Raw material control

• Manufacturing process

• Process control and quality control

• Visual and dimensional control

• Marking

• Performance verification testing

• Handling, packaging, storing and shipping

• Minimum bending radius of pipeline, which is 600 X pipe outside diameter per section 1.2.2 of API 15HR 2001

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12. SITE HYDRO TEST PRESSURE

The maximum site hydro test pressure for YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems is equal to 100% of their standard pressure rating. Do not test at a higher site hydro test pressure without written approval from Future Pipe Industries. Typical site hydro test duration is 2 to 4 hours.

13. DEFINITION OF DESIGN PRESSURE & PRESSURE RATING

The design pressure should be the most severe internal operating pressure that the system will be subjected to under all modes of operation, including startups, shutdowns, etc. throughout the entire life time of the system.

The API 15HR pressure rating of the selected products shall at least be equal to the design pressure of the system. For specific applications having service conditions other than the standard conditions defined in API 15HR (such as cyclic variations, temperature, environmental factors, additional axial loads, etc.), adjustment of the pressure rating can be performed using the Annex G of API 15HR 2001 for guidance. During detailed pipeline design, this adjustment should be verified by system design calculations.

Installation of quick opening and closing valves should be avoided to lower the risk of water hammer. If there is a possibility that any part of the system will experience pressure surges or water hammer, this will require detailed system design – consult Future Pipe Industries in such cases as these factors may affect the required pressure rating.

14. DEFINITION OF DESIGN TEMPERATURE & TEMPERATURE RATING

The design temperature should be the most severe temperature that the system will be subjected to under all modes of operation, throughout the entire life time of the system. The API 15HR temperature rating of the selected products shall at least be equal to the design temperature of the system.

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15. PRODUCT RANGE – PIPE + PRIME CONNECTION (API 15HR DESIGN SERIES)

The pressure series and wall thicknesses of YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems are based on established design criteria as per API 15HR at 150°F (65°C). Depending on temperature (ex: for applications greater than 150°F / 65°C), operating and/or installation conditions, the pressure series given below may require adjustment; contact Future Pipe Industries to obtain a suitable product class (i.e. de-rating factor).

Nominal pipe size

(inch)

Pipe inside diameter (nominal)

500 series

750 series

1000 series

1250 series

1500 series

1750 series

2000 series

2250 series

2500 series

2750 series

3000 series

(inch) (mm)

2 2.00 50.8

2.5 2.47 62.6

3 3.00 76.1

3-M 3.15 80.0

3.5 3.33 84.6

4-M 3.94 100.0

4 3.98 101.2

5 4.42 112.3

6 5.43 137.8

6-M 5.91 150.0

6-L 6.21 157.6

8 7.84 199.1

8-M 7.87 200.0

10 8.86 225.0

10-M 9.84 250.0

10-L 10.72 272.2

12-M 11.81 300.0

12 11.97 303.9

14-M 13.78 350.0

14.5 14.48 367.8

16-M 15.75 400.0

16.5 16.37 415.8

18 17.98 456.7

24 23.78 604.0

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16. PRODUCT TECHNICAL DATASHEETS – API 15HR DESIGN

YELL

OW

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5HR

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(min

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Min

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be

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Max

imum

de

flect

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inch

Prod

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ode

Type

Diam

eter

Code

inch

mm

inch

mm

inch

mm

lbs/

ftkg

/mft

min

/ft

leng

thm

m/m

le

ngth

2*Y0

5020

IAL

IJ2-

3/8"

0238

-EU

E-LO

NG

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2.00

50.8

2.12

53.8

0.06

1.5

0.5

0.7

106.

032

.31.

6914

0.5

2.5*

Y050

25IA

WIJ

2-7/

8"02

78-E

UE-

LON

G-A

82.

4762

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5965

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061.

50.

60.

912

9.3

39.4

1.39

115.

4

3*Y0

5030

IBH

IJ3-

1/2"

0312

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E-LO

NG

-A8

3.00

76.1

3.19

80.9

0.09

2.4

0.8

1.2

159.

348

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1393

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3Y0

5030

IBS

IJ4"

0400

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80.9

0.09

2.4

1.3

1.9

159.

348

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2310

2.6

3-M

Y050

31IB

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4"04

00-E

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G-A

83.

1580

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3484

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092.

41.

52.

216

6.9

50.9

0.71

58.9

3.5*

Y050

33IB

SIJ

4"04

00-E

UE-

LON

G-A

83.

3384

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5289

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092.

41.

11.

617

5.9

53.6

1.02

85.0

4-M

Y050

39IC

ZIJ

5"05

00-C

SG-L

TC-X

83.

9410

0.0

4.13

104.

80.

092.

41.

72.

620

6.3

62.9

0.95

79.3

4Y0

5040

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0500

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3.98

101.

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208.

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8671

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4*Y0

5040

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1/2"

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3.98

101.

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6.0

0.09

2.4

1.3

1.9

208.

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8671

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5*Y0

5044

IDK

IJ5-

1/2"

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4.42

112.

34.

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7.1

0.09

2.4

1.9

2.8

230.

570

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7865

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5054

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5/8"

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5.43

137.

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282.

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282.

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7"07

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163.

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14.

632

2.7

98.4

0.56

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88.

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mm

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mm

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2*Y0

7020

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3/8"

0238

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132

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6814

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20"

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27



NOTES:* Indicates products manufactured in the U.S.A.1 Pipe wall thickness for API series is designed as per API Specification 15HR for a 20-year design life and a design

temperature of 150°F (65°C)2 Not all products are available with API 15HR monogram; in case of a requirement that the API monogram is to be

applied on the pipe, please specify this in your quotation request3 All API threaded connections up to and including 11-3/4” diameter correspond to API Specification 5B, 14th

edition with 8RD profile. L4 specified in API 5B is adopted as a minimum value. IJ – Integral Joint; TC – Threaded and Coupled

4 Threaded connections of 11-3/4” diameter and upwards can be supplied with specially derived 6RD or 4RD thread form for enhanced joint makeup capability along with reduced risk of cross-threading

5 The nominal pipe weight is calculated based on the default pipe length (30 ft or 10 m) depending upon the manufacturing location, except for the 3-M nominal pipe size where the default pipe length is 6 m

6 Maximum deflection per unit length is calculated based on the default pipe length (30 ft or 10 m) depending upon the manufacturing location, except for the 3-M nominal pipe size where the default pipe length is 6 m

28



17. FITTINGS’ PRODUCT RANGE

YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® pipe systems are offered with a complete line of fittings. Contact Future Pipe Industries for dimensional details of any component.

17.1 FlangeAll flanges are flat faced and these can be supplied using the drill dimensions of ASME/ANSI B16.5 specification in classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500. Contact Future Pipe Industries for other ANSI flanges classes. YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® flat faced flanges can be directly connected to flat face steel flanges of the same size and drill class. In case of connection to a raised face steel flange, a spacer ring is required so as to convert the raised face steel flange into a flat face configuration.

Stainless steel spiral wound gaskets with graphite filling such as Garlock® and Flexitallic® are recommended to obtain correct sealing. If needed, spiral wound gaskets made using special grades of stainless steel can also be used.

17.2 Coupling

17.3 NippleNipples are short length components with pin (male) threads on both sides. Typical end-to-end lengths vary from 12” (~300 mm) to 24” (~600 mm), depending on the thread size.

29



17.4 Elbow – 22.5°, 45° and 90°For non-standard bends, it is possible to use a combination of elbows to achieve the required angle. In case of requirement for any custom angle elbows, please contact Future Pipe Industries.

17.5 Tee

17.9 Tapered Bond-On Field ThreadTapered bond-on field threads are available in all pipe sizes. These threads can be installed on site and are used to break into already constructed lines in order to install parts or equipment, such as valves or tees, not originally included when the line was built. The field thread connects to an already constructed line by means of an adhesive bonded joint, where a tapered spigot (male) is shaved at the end of the line and then bonded to one side of the field thread. Bonding this field thread converts the tapered spigot into a threaded male (pin).

Note: Maximum rated pressure based on fitting the tapered bond-on field thread is 1250 psi.

22.5° elbow 45° elbow 90° elbow

17.6 Reducer Bushing

17.7 Reducer Coupling 17.8 Swage

30



17.10 Sub JointSub joints which are in the form of pin x pin (male x male) pipe are available both individually and in sets. Standard sub joint set consists of five lengths: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 feet (i.e. 610, 1220, 1830, 2440 and 3050 mm). Custom non-standard length sub joints are available upon request. All sub joints are manufactured at the maximum wall thickness available for the thread size ordered.

17.11 Pup JointPup joints which are in the form of pin x box (male x female) pipe are available both individually and in sets. Standard pup joint set consists of five lengths: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 feet (i.e. 610, 1220, 1830, 2440 and 3050 mm). Custom non-standard length pup joints are available upon request. All pup joints are manufactured at the maximum wall thickness available for corresponding thread size.

17.12 Stainless Steel AdaptorsThreaded stainless steel adaptors which are compatible with YELLOW BOX® and GREEN BOX® threads, are available on request – contact us to discuss your requirements.

31



18. CHANGES OF DIRECTION (GENERAL GUIDELINES ON ELBOW-USAGE)

Due to the inherent flexibility of fiberglass, a change in direction could be accommodated by means of natural bending of the pipe. If the terrain allows, Future Pipe Industries recommends utilization of natural bending radius of the pipeline; the minimum bending radius of pipe is specified in section 16. Use of this strategy will reduce both installation-cost and installation-time.

If the terrain requires a sharp bend that cannot be accommodated by means of natural bending, elbows can be installed.

19. HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES & PRESSURE LOSS CHARTS

YELLOW BOX® pipe and fittings are produced on polished steel molds. A low value of surface roughness results in a minimum Hazen-Williams coefficient (C) of 150 over the entire life time for typical oil & gas services; this could lower the horsepower requirements for pumped systems while fluid resistance does not increase with age. Due to its smooth interior (and resultant low relative pressure drop), it is generally possible to use smaller diameter fiberglass piping to transport fluids when compared to steel piping.

Pressure loss charts for some common fluids (brine water, crude oil and fresh water) are presented in section 19.4. For all other fluids with different specific gravity or viscosity, please refer to section 19.2 for calculating the pressure loss or contact Future Pipe Industries.

All pressure loss charts in section 19.4 are based on the Darcy-Weisbach equation; refer to section 19.2.5 for more details on this equation.

19.1 Using Pressure Loss Charts – An ExampleThere are four parameters used in the pressure loss chart for any fluid. Three parameters must be known in order to calculate the fourth parameter. The four parameters are the following:

• Pipe diameter (D) = Pipe nominal diameter (inches or mm)• Line pipe length (L) = Total length of line pipe (feet or meters)• Acceptable pressure differential (ΔP) = Maximum acceptable difference in internal pressure of the line pipe over

a length L (psi or bar)• Flow rate (Q) = Volumetric flow rate (barrels per day or gallons per minute or liters per second)

EXAMPLE:Flow line transmitting brine water with no elevation changes.

INPUT:

Parameter Value (US customary units) Value (Metric units)

Fluid type Brine water Brine water

Total line pipe length (L) 11.5 miles 18,500 meters

Acceptable Pressure Differential (ΔP) over L 750 psi 52 bar

Flow rate (Q) 55,000 barrels per day 100 liters per second

32



REQUIRED OUTPUT:Pipe diameter (D)

STEPS:

US customary calculations Metric calculations

Select the brine water pressure loss chart for reference(section 19.4, chart 1 or chart 2)

Convert the line pipe length into feet L=11.5×5280 = 60,720 ft

Calculate the acceptable pressure loss (psi per 100 feet of length)

Draw a horizontal line at the pressure loss value of 1.23 on the vertical log scale

Draw a vertical line at the flow rate value of 55,000 on the horizontal log scale

The intersection of the two lines will be between 8” pipe and 10” pipe; round up to the nearest pipe size. Use D = 10”

Select the brine water pressure loss chart for reference(section 19.4, chart 7 or chart 8)

Convert the line pipe length into KM

Calculate the acceptable pressure loss (bar per KM of length)

Draw a horizontal line at the pressure loss value of 2.8 on the vertical log scale

Draw a vertical line at the flow rate value of 100 on the horizontal log scale

The intersection of the two lines will be between 8” pipe and 10” pipe; round up to the nearest pipe size. Use D = 10”

19.2 Calculation of Flow Properties in a Fiberglass PipelineCalculations in this section are given as guidelines to establish the initial sizing of pipe and associated pressure drop over the length of the pipeline. Typical fiberglass piping systems are operated at flow velocities between 3 ft/s (0.9 m/s) to 12 ft/s (3.65 m/s).

19.2.1 Maximum Velocity for Clear Liquids

US customary formula Metric formula

Where:V = fluid velocity (ft/s)ρ = fluid density (lb/ft3)

Where:V = fluid velocity (m/s)ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

19.2.2 Maximum Velocity for Corrosive or Erosive Fluids


Where:V = fluid velocity (ft/s)ρ = fluid density (lb/ft3)

Where:V = fluid velocity (m/s)ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

18,5001,000

L = = 18.5 KM

750 x 10060720

P = = 1.2352

18.5P = = 2.8

48ρ0.33

V =

24ρ0.33

V =

37ρ0.33

V =

18.4ρ0.33

V =

33



19.2.3 Minimum Pipe Diameter for Clear Liquids


Where:ID = pipe inside diameter (in)Q = flow rate (gpm)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)ρ = fluid density (lb/ft3)

Where:ID = pipe inside diameter (mm)Q = flow rate (L/s)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

19.2.4 Minimum Pipe Diameter for Corrosive or Erosive Fluids


Where:ID = pipe inside diameter (in)Q = flow rate (gpm)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)ρ = fluid density (lb/ft3)

Where:ID = pipe inside diameter (mm)Q = flow rate (L/s)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)

19.2.5 Pipe Head Loss Calculation


Where:Hf = head loss over the pipeline (ft)f = Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (-)L = line length (ft)V = fluid velocity (ft/s)ID = pipe inside diameter (ft)g = gravitational acceleration (ft/s2) = 32.2 ft/s2

Where:Hf = head loss over the pipeline (m)f = Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (-)L = line length (m)V = fluid velocity (m/s)ID = pipe inside diameter (m)g = gravitational acceleration (m/s2) = 9.81 m/s2

The pipe head loss (Hf) is converted into pressure loss (p) using the following equation:


Where:p = pressure loss over the pipeline (psi)Hf = head loss over the pipeline (ft)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)

Where:p = pressure loss over the pipeline (bar)Hf = head loss over the pipeline (m)SG = specific gravity of the fluid (-)

0.73 . ρ0.33

QSGID =

1.03 . ρ0.33

QSGID =

186 .ρ0.33

QSGID =

262 .ρ0.33

QSGID =

f·L·V2

2·ID·gHf =

Hf·SG2.31

p = Hf·SG10.2

p =

f·L·V2

2·ID·gHf =

34



The friction factor (f) depends on the flow conditions, pipe smoothness and pipe inside diameter. Flow conditions are determined by the value of Reynolds number:


Where:Re = Reynolds number (-)ρ = fluid density (lb/ft3)V = fluid velocity (ft/s)ID = pipe inside diameter (ft)μ = dynamic viscosity of the fluid (lb/ft-s)ν = kinematic viscosity of the fluid (ft2/s)

Where:Re = Reynolds number (-)ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)V = fluid velocity (m/s)ID = pipe inside diameter (m)μ = dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa-s)ν = kinematic viscosity of the fluid (m2/s)

Below guideline determines the type of flow from the Reynolds number:

Flow type Reynolds number

Laminar flow Re 2,000

Transition flow zone 2,000 < Re < 4,000

Turbulent flow Re 4,000

When the flow is laminar (Re 2,000), friction factor is calculated by the formula:

When the flow is turbulent (Re 4,000), friction factor is determined using one of the following 3 methods:• Method 1: Use the Moody diagram found in most fluid mechanics texts. Fiberglass pipe has a surface roughness

of 1.7 X 10-5 ft (5.18 X 10-6 m).• Method 2: Use the implicit Colebrook equation which requires a trial-and-error iterative solution:

• Method 3: Use the simplified form of the above equation which is accurate to within 1% of the Colebrook equation:


Where:f = friction factor (-)e = surface roughness (ft) = 1.7 X 10-5 ft for fiberglass pipeID = pipe inside diameter (ft)Re = Reynolds number (-)

Where:f = friction factor (-)e = surface roughness (m) = 5.18 X 10-6 m for fiberglass pipeID = pipe inside diameter (m)Re = Reynolds number (-)

When the flow is in transition (2,000 < Re < 4,000), the value of friction factor may be subject to large uncertainties in this flow regime. Although for calculation purposes, flow is often assumed as laminar.

ρ·V·IDμ

V∙IDν

Re = =ρ·V·IDμ

V∙IDν

Re = =

64Re

f =

f = 1.8· log10Re7

-2

= -2·log10 +1f

e3.7·ID

2.51Re· f

35



19.2.6 Fittings’ Head Loss CalculationHead loss in fittings is frequently expressed as the equivalent length of pipe that is added to the straight run of pipe. In this approach, head loss in fitting is determined by the formula:

US customary units Metric units

Where:Hff = equivalent fittings head loss (ft)K = K factor for each fitting type obtained from below table (-)V = fluid velocity (ft/s)g = gravitational acceleration (ft/s2) = 32.2 ft/s2

Where:Hff = equivalent fittings head loss (m)K = K factor for each fitting type obtained from below table (-)V = fluid velocity (m/s)g = gravitational acceleration (ft/s2) = 9.81 m/s2

The K factors below have been adopted from typical values available in international standards:

Type of fitting K factor

90° elbow, standard 0.5

45° elbow, standard 0.25

Tee, straight flow 0.4

Tee, flow to branch 1.4

Tee, flow from branch 1.7

19.3 Head Loss and Pressure Loss Calculation – An ExampleEXAMPLE:Flow line containing four 45° standard elbows transmitting clear oil and water with no elevation changes.

INPUT:

Parameter Value (US customary units) Value (Metric units)

Total line pipe length (L) 11.5 miles 18.5 KM

Pipe inside diameter (ID) 8.86 inch 225 mm

Flow rate (Q) 55,000 barrels per day 100 liters per second

Fluid density (ρ) 53 lb/ft3 850 kg/m3

Specific gravity of the fluid (SG) 0.85 0.85

Dynamic viscosity of the fluid (μ) 2.8 cP 2.8 cP or 0.0028 kg/m-s

Gravitational acceleration (g) 32.2 ft/s2 9.81 m/s2

REQUIRED OUTPUT:Check if the actual velocity (V) in the pipeline is below the maximum allowable velocity (Vmax)Check if the actual pipe inside diameter (ID) is above the minimum requirement (IDmin)

K·V2

2·gHff =

36



Calculate the total pressure loss in the pipeline (for pipe and fittings)

STEPS:


Convert the line pipe length into ftL = 11.5 × 5280 = 60,720 ft

Convert the pipe inside diameter into ft

Convert the dynamic viscosity into lb/ft-s

μ = 2.8×6.72 × 10-4 = 1.88×10-3

Convert the flow rate into ft3/s and gpmQ = 55000 × 6.5 ×10-5= 3.575 ft3/sQ = 55000 × 2.91 ×10-2= 1600 gpm

Calculate the bore area in ft2

Calculate maximum allowable velocity for a clear fluid

Calculate the actual fluid velocity (V) and check if it is below the maximum allowable velocity (Vmax)

Calculate the minimum pipe inside diameter (IDmin) and check if the actual pipe inside diameter (ID) is above the minimum requirement

Calculate Reynolds number

Convert the line pipe length into m L = 18.5 × 1000 = 18,500 m

Convert the pipe inside diameter into m

Convert the dynamic viscosity into N-s/m2

μ = 2.8 × 10-3= 2.8 × 10-3

Convert the flow rate into m3/sQ = 100 × 10-3= 0.1 m3/s

Calculate the bore area in m2

Calculate maximum allowable velocity for a clear fluid

Calculate the actual fluid velocity (V) and check if it is below the maximum allowable velocity (Vmax)

Calculate the minimum pipe inside diameter (IDmin) and check if the actual inside pipe diameter (ID) is above the minimum requirement

Calculate Reynolds number

8.8612

ID = = 0.738 ft

lbft-s

N-sm2

2251000

ID = = 0.225 m

π × ID2

4π × 0.7382

4A = = = 42.8 × 10-2 ft2

48530.33

Vmax = = 13 ft/s

QA

3.57542.8 ×10-2

V = = = 8.353 ft/s < Vmax

53 × 8.353 × 0.7381.88 ×10-3

Re = 173,800 850 × 2.512 × 0.2252.8 ×10-3

Re = 171,600

QA

0.13.98 ×10-2

V = = = 2.512 m/s < Vmax

378500.33

Vmax = = 4 m/s

π × ID2

4π × 0.2252

4A = = = 3.98 ×10-2 m2

0.73 ×530.33

16000.85IDmin = = 8.54 inch < ID 186 ×

8500.33

1000.85IDmin = = 217.8 mm < ID

37




Calculate the friction factor (use “method 3” in section 19.2.5 for turbulent flow)

Calculate head loss in pipe

Calculate head loss in 4 pieces of 45° standard elbows (K = 0.25)


Calculate the friction factor (use “method 3” in section 19.2.5 for turbulent flow)

Calculate head loss in pipe

Calculate head loss in 4 pieces of 45° standard elbows (K = 0.25)


19.4 Pressure Loss ChartsPressure loss charts for some common fluids are presented in this section in the following order:

US customary units Metric units

Pressure loss charts for brine water in psi with SG = 1.10 & Viscosity = 1.45 cP:CHART 1: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART 2: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

Pressure loss charts for crude oil in psi with SG = 0.83 & Viscosity = 1.60 cP:CHART 3: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART 4: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

Pressure loss charts for fresh water in psi with SG = 1.00 & Viscosity = 1.00 cP:CHART 5: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART 6: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

Pressure loss charts for brine water in bar with SG = 1.10 & Viscosity = 1.45 cP:CHART 7: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART 8: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

Pressure loss charts for crude oil in bar with SG = 0.83 & Viscosity = 1.60 cP:CHART 9: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART10: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

Pressure loss charts for fresh water in bar with SG = 1.00 & Viscosity = 1.00 cP:CHART 11: 2” to 10” nominal pipe sizeCHART 12: 10” to 24” nominal pipe size

f = = 16.0×10-31.8· log10173,800

7

-2

f = = 16.0×10-31.8· log10171,600

7

-2

16.0 ×10-3 × 60720 × 8.3532

2 × 0.738 × 32.2Hf =

0.25 × 8.3532

2 × 32.2Hff= 4 × = 1.08 ft

(1426 + 1.08) × 0.852.31

p = = 525 psi (423 + 0.32) × 0.8510.2

p = = 35.3 bar

0.25 × 2.5122

2 × 9.81Hff= 4 × = 0.32 m

16.0 × 10-3 ×18500× 2.5122

2 × 0.225 × 9.81Hf == 1,426 ft = 423 m

38



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

12 �

/s

5 �/

s

3 �/

s

7 �/

s

10 �

/s15 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

100

1,00

010

,000

100,

000

PRESSURE LOSS (PSI PER 100 FEET OF LENGTH)

FLO

W R

ATE

(BAR

REL

S PE

R D

AY)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)B

RIN

E W

ATER

: SP

ECIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 1.

10; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.4

5 C

ENTI

POIS

E

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

1

39



10"

12 �

/s15 �

/s

7 �/

s10 �

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"

24"

20 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0 10

,000

100,

000

1,00

0,00

0


FLO

W R

ATE

(BAR

REL

S PE

R D

AY)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

BR

INE

WAT

ER:

SPEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

1.10

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.45

CEN

TIPO

ISE

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

2

40



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

12 �

/s

5 �/

s

3 �/

s

7 �/

s

10 �

/s15 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

100

1,00

010

,000

100,

000


FLO

W R

ATE

(BAR

REL

S PE

R D

AY)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)C

RU

DE

OIL

: SP

ECIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 0.

83; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.6

0 C

ENTI

POIS

E

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

3

41



10"

12 �

/s15 �

/s

7 �/

s10 �

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"

24"

20 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0 10

,000

100,

000

1,00

0,00

0


FLO

W R

ATE

(BAR

REL

S PE

R D

AY)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

CR

UD

E O

IL:

SPEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

0.83

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.60

CEN

TIPO

ISE

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

4

42



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

12 �

/s

5 �/

s

3 �/

s

7 �/

s10 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

1010

01,

000

10,0

00


FLO

W R

ATE

(GAL

LON

S PE

R M

INU

TE)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)FR

ESH

WAT

ER:

SPEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

1.00

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.00

CEN

TIPO

ISE

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

5

43



10"

12 �

/s15 �

/s

7 �/

s

10 �

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"

24"

20 �

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0 1,

000

10,0

0010

0,00

0


FLO

W R

ATE

(GAL

LON

S PE

R M

INU

TE)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

FRES

H W

ATER

: SP

ECIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 1.

00; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.0

0 C

ENTI

POIS

E

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

6

44



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

110

100

1,00

0

PRESSURE LOSS (BAR PER KM OF LENGTH)

FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)B

RIN

E W

ATER

: SP

ECIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 1.

10; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.4

5 C

ENTI

POIS

E

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

7

45



10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"24

"

6 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

1010

01,

000

10,0

00


FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

BR

INE

WAT

ER:

SPEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

1.10

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.45

CEN

TIPO

ISE

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

8

46



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

110

100

1,00

0


FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)C

RU

DE

OIL

: SPE

CIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 0.

83; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.6

0 C

ENTI

POIS

E

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

9

47



10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"24

"

6 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

1010

01,

000

10,0

00


FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

CR

UD

E O

IL: S

PEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

0.83

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.60

CEN

TIPO

ISE

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

10

48



2"2.

5"3"

5"6"

10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

110

100

1,00

0


FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (2

" TO

10"

NO

MIN

AL P

IPE

SIZE

)FR

ESH

WAT

ER:

SPEC

IFIC

GR

AVIT

Y =

1.00

; DYN

AMIC

VIS

CO

SITY

= 1

.00

CEN

TIPO

ISE

2" 2.5"

3" 3"-M

3.5"

4" a

nd 4

"-M

5" 6" 6"-M

6"-L

8" a

nd 8

"-M

10"

CH

ART

11

49



10"

5 m

/s

2 m

/s

1 m

/s

3 m

/s4 m

/s

12"

14.5

"18

"24

"

6 m

/s

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.

0

1010

01,

000

10,0

00


FLO

W R

ATE

(LIT

ERS/

SEC

ON

D)

FIB

ERG

LASS

PIP

E -P

RES

SUR

E LO

SS V

S. F

LOW

RAT

E (1

0" T

O 2

4" N

OM

INAL

PIP

E SI

ZE)

FRES

H W

ATER

: SP

ECIF

IC G

RAV

ITY

= 1.

00; D

YNAM

IC V

ISC

OSI

TY =

1.0

0 C

ENTI

POIS

E

10"

10"-

M

10"-

L

12"

14"-

M

14.5

"

16.5

"

18"

24"

CH

ART

12

50



THREADED HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPE GENERAL ... · specification API 5B. The 8 round is...

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Transcript of THREADED HIGH PRESSURE FIBERGLASS LINE PIPE GENERAL ... · specification API 5B. The 8 round is...