Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Understanding...

3
Understanding fission and fusion as energy sources Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Purpose The issue of energy consumption and production is central to Environmental Science. Students need to understand alternatives to fossil fuels, such as fission and fusion, including the underlying physical mechanisms. This lesson is designed to acquaint students with the history, science and implications for the environment of fission and fusion. Overview Students will complete two worksheets, an entrance slip and an exit slip. The worksheets are guided activities which will be supplemented by Netlogo and guided discussion. Student Outcomes SWBAT describe the processes of fission and fusion in general terms. SWBAT differentiate between fission and fusion. SWBAT balance nuclear reactions. SWBAT identify which quantities are conserved in nuclear reactions. SWBAT identify the source of energy from fission and fusion reactions. SWBAT explain why fusion still has not been achieved. SWBAT explain how a nuclear reactor works. SWBAT draw conclusions based on the results of simulations. SWBAT draw conclusions based on graphs. SWBAT graph data that they collect from simulations, and extrapolate their conclusions. Standards Addressed HSPS17,HSPS18,HSPS24,HSPS26,HSPS33,HSPS35,HSESS11,HSESS13,HSESS32,HS ESS34,HSETS11,HSETS13,HSETS14 Time At least two class periods, perhaps three to allow students to interact more with the simulations. Level AP Environmental Science, 11th grade. Possibly a junior or senior physics class. Materials and Tools Netlogo models from the Model library nuclear reactor and scattering. Worksheets, entrance and exit slips can be found here. (https://northwestern.box.com/s/6i3u9b3s9mshv0peghb9v6f8cu1m4apj)

Transcript of Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Understanding...

Page 1: Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Understanding …gk12.ciera.northwestern.edu/classroom/2016/Fission... · nuclear energy) Today, we will ... physics class, students could work

Understanding fission and fusion as energy sources Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis 

Purpose The issue of energy consumption and production is central to Environmental Science. Students need to understand alternatives to fossil fuels, such as fission and fusion, including the underlying physical mechanisms. This lesson is designed to acquaint students with the history, science and implications for the environment of fission and fusion. 

Overview Students will complete two worksheets, an entrance slip and an exit slip. The worksheets are guided activities which will be supplemented by Netlogo and guided discussion. 

Student Outcomes SWBAT describe the processes of fission and fusion in general terms. SWBAT differentiate between fission and fusion. SWBAT balance nuclear reactions. SWBAT identify which quantities are conserved in nuclear reactions. SWBAT identify the source of energy from fission and fusion reactions. SWBAT explain why fusion still has not been achieved. SWBAT explain how a nuclear reactor works. SWBAT draw conclusions based on the results of simulations. SWBAT draw conclusions based on graphs. SWBAT graph data that they collect from simulations, and extrapolate their conclusions. 

Standards Addressed HS­PS1­7,HS­PS1­8,HS­PS2­4,HS­PS2­6,HS­PS3­3,HS­PS3­5,HS­ESS1­1,HS­ESS1­3,HS­ESS3­2,HS­ESS3­4,HS­ETS1­1,HS­ETS1­3,HS­ETS1­4 

Time At least two class periods, perhaps three to allow students to interact more with the simulations. 

Level AP Environmental Science, 11th grade. Possibly a junior or senior physics class. 

Materials and Tools Netlogo models from the Model library ­ nuclear reactor and scattering. Worksheets, entrance and exit slips can be found here. (https://northwestern.box.com/s/6i3u9b3s9mshv0peghb9v6f8cu1m4apj)

Page 2: Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Understanding …gk12.ciera.northwestern.edu/classroom/2016/Fission... · nuclear energy) Today, we will ... physics class, students could work

Key 

Preparation To save time, computers should be loaded with the required model before class. Students are assumed to know some chemistry. Teacher may go over semi­log and log­log graphing. 

Prerequisites Students learning semi­log and log­log plots. Students should know the structure of the atom and the charge of the basic constituents. Students should be able to balance chemical reactions, or understand how to do that. 

Background Fission Background What are some of the ways we generate energy? (students should answer coal/oil/solar/wind/hopefully nuclear energy) Today, we will discus how nuclear energy works. Nuclear energy uses the energy stored inside of atoms. What are atoms and what are they made out of? You should have answered these on your entrance slip. (students are asked about the properties of the electron, proton, and neutron. students should be able to mention that electrons are outside and protons and neutrons are inside, they should also know that like charges repel and that the repulsion gets stronger as the charges get closer together.) One of the key advances in nuclear energy happened not too far away from here at University of Chicago. You can read about the background now, on your worksheet. 

Fusion Background Yesterday we discussed fission as an energy source. Can someone describe the process of fission to the rest of the class? (should talk about atoms splitting apart, using neutrons) Where does the energy come from? (energy from Einstein’s equations, and a small amount of lost mass)  Why is the structure of the nucleus surprising? (positively charged atoms are close together,)  

What if we could use the force that wants to bring protons and neutrons together to create energy? How can we do that? (bring protons close enough, and they will bind together (fuse) and release energy) Why might this be difficult? (protons are positively charged and will repel one another as we bring them closer together) 

Teaching Notes Backgrounds are written with the idea that teachers will teach Socratically ­ asking questions to the students as a whole. They could be developed into an assessment tool ­ a quiz or test question, or used to measure student participation. The goal is to make the lesson as discovery­based and student directed as possible while still covering the material.  It is important that the students build the connections in their knowledge up for themselves rather than having the teacher force fully formed ideas onto them. Students struggled to understand the origin of the energy in a fission reaction. Students mostly understood what fission and fusion were. Students generally understood which force was responsible for the interaction. Most correctly determined that combining was more favorable than multiplying. Students mostly wrote about Romeo and Juliet and many of them understood that protons got in their way, but if they got close enough they could fuse. The fusion activity may be expedited by having the students work on the entire 

PAGE 3

Page 3: Thomas Wytock and Aimee Karagiannis Understanding …gk12.ciera.northwestern.edu/classroom/2016/Fission... · nuclear energy) Today, we will ... physics class, students could work

problem as a group with each student contributing one data point. If time allows, discussing the limitations of the model would be a wonderful exercise for the students.  

One of the ways I chose to introduce fusion to the students was to show the ‘under the stars’ scene from the Lion King (on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1O57ZijwPQ). Many students were so excited that they would have rather watched that than continue with the lesson. Nevertheless, students were motivated to learn after watching the scene.  

This lesson touches on many different science standards, and depending on the class, the instructor may choose to emphasize different aspects. For the environmental science class, the design (ETS) and earth and space (ESS) standards might be emphasized at the expense of the physical science standards (PS1,PS2). 

Assessment Teachers may assess the students based on the exit slips for this assignment. Alternatively, some of the questions meant to facilitate class discussion could be used to evaluate students. Students can be evaluated on the completion of their worksheets and the quality of responses. If this lesson is given to a physics class, students could work out the theoretical value of the velocity for a fusion worksheet. Advanced students could even consider relativistic corrections to the energy. Computer science students could be encouraged to work more with the code in the reactor cross section model to see if they could better control the reaction. More labor intensive projects would be to ask students to choose a single aspect of the model to make more realistic, and implement that extension.  

Additional Information See the attached keys for answers to the questions. 

PAGE 3