Thomas M. Orrell and Dave Nicolson

National Museum of Natural HistoryNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Institution

Integrated Taxonomic Information SystemIntegrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS):(ITIS):

Adopting the Hierarchical Classification forAdopting the Hierarchical Classification for

Managing the Catalogue of LifeManaging the Catalogue of Life

16-17 September 201316-17 September 2013

Summary of rank changes (above family) needed to adopt new Hierarchical Classification in ITIS. New ranks in blue

Kingdom ARCHAEA (to be split from Monera in ITIS)(K, P, C, O, F)

Kingdom BACTERIA (to be split from Monera in ITIS)(K, SubK, P, SubP, C, O, F)

Kingdom PROTOZOA(K, SubK, InfraK, P, SubP, InfraP, SuperC, C, SubC, SuperO, O, F)

Kingdom CHROMISTA(K, SubK, InfraK, Div, SubDiv, InfraDiv, SuperC, C, SubC, InfraC, SuperO, O, F)

Kingdom FUNGI(K, SubK, Div, SubDiv, C, SubC, O, F)

Kingdom PLANTAE(K, SubK, InfraK, SuperDiv, Div, SubDiv, SuperC, C, SubC, SuperO, O, F)

Kingdom ANIMALIA(K, SubK, InfraK, SuperP, P, SubP, InfraP, SuperC, C, SubC, InfraC, SuperO, O, F)

Kingdom ARCHAEA (to be split from Monera in ITIS)(K, P, C, O, F)

Kingdom BACTERIA (to be split from Monera in ITIS)(K, SubK, P, SubP, C, O, F)

Recommendation: Status Quo

Action: Updated with Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea (TOBA) 7.7 (Garrity et al., 2007) and panel recommendations

Status: Workbench file development completed and awaiting proofing. File includes all panel recommendations and all bacteria from DSMZ Bacterial Nomenclature Up-to-date as of July 2012 and integrated into new hierarchy.

Kingdom PROTOZOA(K, SubK, InfraK, P, SubP, InfraP, SuperC, C, SubC, SuperO, O, F)

Recommendation: Choose a ranked interim classification based mainly on work of Cavalier-Smith, collaborators, and peers

Action: Follow recent publications by Cavalier-Smith & collaborators, and peers (2010-2013)

Status: ITIS will adopt fully the panel recommendations

Kingdom CHROMISTA(K, SubK, InfraK, Div, SubDiv, InfraDiv, SuperC, C, SubC, InfraC, SuperO, O, F)

Recommendation: Follow Cavalier-Smith & Chao (2006) for Cryptista and Heterokonta, Anderson (2004) for Haptophyta, Cavalier-Smith and van der Hayden for Heliozoa (2007)

Action: Follow above publications; also Lee et al. (2000), Lynn (2002), AlgaeBase (2013), inter alia

Status: ITIS will adopt fully the panel recommendations

Kingdom FUNGI(K, SubK, Div, SubDiv, C, SubC, O, F)

Recommendation: Index Fungorum should be informed by James et al. (2006), and consequently AFTOL

Action: Follow Kirk et al. (2008) - Dictionary of Fungi and recent updates; also Cavalier-Smith for placement of Microsporidia

Status: ITIS will adopt fully the panel recommendations

Kingdom PLANTAE(K, SubK, InfraK, SuperDiv, Div, SubDiv, SuperC, C, SubC, SuperO, O, F)

Recommendation: Adopt a pragmatic phylum-level classification similar to that in Cavalier-Smith (1998).

Action: Follow Cavalier-Smith (1998), Chase & Reveal (2009), Goffinet & Shaw (2009), Stevens (2013), Christenhusz et al. (2011), Algaebase (2013) and Yoon (2006)

Status: ITIS has fully adopted recommendations and updated hierarchy are now available online.

Kingdom ANIMALIA(K, SubK, InfraK, SuperP, P, SubP, InfraP, SuperC, C, SubC, InfraC, SuperO, O, F)

Classification largely follows Brusca and Brusca (2003) with some modifications.

Recommendations:Consider combining Acanthocephala, Rotifera, & Gnathostomulida into a single phylum Gnathifera, and proper placement of Micrognathozoa

Action: Acanthocephala, Rotifera, & Gnathostomulida retained as and Micrognathozoa elevatied to phylum-level

Seek a synthesis for Arthropoda reflecting most highly regarded schemes for constituent subphyla and classesAction: New arthropod classification largely follows synthesis in Zhang (2011 & 2013)

Abandon Phylum Cephalorhynca and treat Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida, and Nematomorpha as separate phylaAction: Cephalorhyncha abandoned and Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida, and Nematomorpha treated as separate phyla

Subsume current Phylum Myxozoa into Phylum CnidariaAction: Myxozoa treated as subphylum of Cnidaria

Review asteroid classificationAction: Echinoderm classification reviewed and revised

Abandon Ectoprocta and Entoprocta in favor of Bryzoa and Kamptozoa, respectivelyAction: Ectoprocta and Entoprocta abandoned in favor of Bryzoa and Kamptozoa, respectively

Use Nematoda instead of Nemata as the phylum-level nameAction: Nematoda used as phylum-level name

Seek advice to update classification of PlatyhelminthesAction: Classification updated following Tyler et al. (2012)

Include new phylum XenoturbellidaAction: New phylum Xenacoelomorpha added, including Xenoturbellida as a subphylum

Status: ITIS is in the process of updating Animalia in multiple workbench files, based on size of phyla and dependents. The kingdom-to-class portion of the new Hierarchical Classification has been merged into each of these files to ensure that everything down to AT LEAST class rank has been fully reconciled…

The termite families folded into Blattodea, under Blattoidea

'Ectoprocts' are now recast as Bryozoa

More higher level shifts…

Groups from the last two slides as closed nodes on slide to right, which shows the not-quite-finished reconcile of the Polychaeta & Echiura placement, along with the rest of the annelids & related groups. Wrestling with groups shifting rank and sometimes also composition and/or names of subgroups makes it somewhat tricky! (But we are

professionals )

Here's an unfortunate group of hooligans, most of all of which will need to be booted off to other kingdom(s) workbench files!

Most of the Radiata, having come together - including some of the Myxozoa that used to be mixed in with the group from the last slide

We will need to make changes to the ITIS Online Taxonomic Workbench, the desktop Taxonomic Workbench, the online system and possibly some of our online tools to account for new and changed ranks before all changes can be fully adopted.

Families of All Living Organisms (FALO)

The Global Genome Initiative (GGI) http://www.mnh.si.edu/ggi/ is a collaborative effort to create a solid foundation for genomic research through a global network of biorepositories and research organizations.

GGI needs a hierarchical classification for managing the names of families of all living organisms and for a top-down gap analysis. The FALO classification will build upon the work already completed to the ordinal level by the Catalogue of Life.