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Thomas & Chess Longitudinal study in the early 1950s regarding infant temperament Measured nine temperament characteristics each of which affects how well a child fits in at school, with their friends, and at home. Identified three types: easy, difficult, slow to warm up (1)activity level (2)regularity-eating/sleeping/elimination (3)new object approach or withdrawal (4)Adaptability (5)sensitivity to stimuli (6)intensity of reaction (7)quality of mood (8) distractibility (9)attention span and persistence

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Abraham Maslow Created the Hierarchy of Needs which includes the most fundamental needs going up to self-actualization Studied the healthiest 1% of college population Believed that every human had the capacity to reach highest potential

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Stage 3 : 3 to 5 Years Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt Basic Strength: Purpose Stage 4 : 6 to 12 Years Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority Basic Strengths: Method and Competence Eric Erikson Stage 3 and 4 Copy adults around them Create play situations o make up stories o play out roles Capable of learning, creating and accomplishing new skills and knowledge-Industry Social stage of development Most significant relationship is with the school and neighborhood

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It is only after a reasonable sense of identity has been established that real intimacy with others can be possible. ~Erik Erikson: Identity and the Life Cycle, 1959 Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescent: 12-18 years of age Success=Virtue of Fidelity What is my goal in life ? Who am I? Developing a sense of morality: right and wrong Devoted to causes, friends, and ideals Young Adult:18-35 Intimacy vs. Isolation Success=Virtue of Love Can I love ? Significant relationships: marriage partner and friends

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Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development