This training module is based on the information obtained in the International Association of Campus...

Higher Education Security Officer Training

Scope

This training module is based on theinformation obtained in the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators (IACLEA) - CampusProtection Officer Training Program - SecondEdition.

Purpose

To create a standardized training program forhigher education, non-commissioned campus safety and/or security officers in the PierceCounty Region.

Campus Patrol Techniques Module

Objectives

• Identify the critical performance task for the campus security officer.

• Discuss the impact security patrols have on crime and crime prevention.

• Explore various methods of campus patrol (foot patrol, vehicle patrol, and bicycle patrol).

• Learn officer safety techniques used during patrol.• Know, discuss, and demonstrate understanding in

performing the essential job duties of uniformed security officers.

Duties of a Community-Oriented Security Officer

• Gather and report personal safety and security related information in reference to the officer’s assigned area or campus.

• Provide a sense of security for the members of the campus community.

• Become acquainted with staff and students within the assigned area and educate them about sound security practices.


• Enforce campus, local and state laws.

• Respond in a timely manner to all calls for service within your assigned area / on campus.

• Respond to and investigate reports of criminal offenses within your assigned area / on campus.


• Be responsible for building security, particularly vacant, temporarily closed, or under construction facilities.

• Serve as a liaison on various organizations and committees at the direction of the administration.


• Conduct security, safety and fire equipment surveys.

• Identify potential risks, report accordingly, and provide follow-up as needed.

Driving Skills

Under Normal Conditions

• Officers must operate department vehicles in accordance with all local vehicle and traffic laws.

• Officers must avoid being involved in preventable accidents.

• This is accomplished by not taking risks, maintaining vehicle control, and being alert at all times.

• Officers must perform multiple tasks, while maintaining responsible and safe operation of the patrol vehicle.

• Whenever possible, officers should stop the patrol vehicle to perform these tasks.


• Multiple tasks include:oOperating a cellular

phoneoOperating a RadiooTaking NotesoMaintaining awareness of

surroundings


• Officers must operate the vehicle while maintaining an alertness to surrounding activity.

• Officers are not exempt from liability resulting from reckless or negligent operation of a patrol vehicle.


• Officers must drive defensively, attempting to anticipate hazards and poor judgment by other drivers, cyclists and pedestrians.


• The skills involved in vehicle operation under emergency situations call for other than usual driving skills.

• Officers must make every effort to avoid preventable accidents.

Stress Conditions

• It is essential that all officers know, understand, and comply with department policies as well as all vehicle and traffic laws concerning security vehicle operations.

Stress Conditions

• Use of emergency lights and sirens should be reserved for emergency situations only.

• Speed and overall vehicle operation must not be reckless.

Stress Conditions

• Use of the vehicles emergency equipment only requests the right of way: it does not secure it and does not excuse violation of the traffic laws.

• Officers in violation of traffic laws may be found liable for resulting accidents.

Stress Conditions

• Officers must continuously evaluate driving situations and balance appropriate speed with existing conditions.

• Officers must display a high degree of reflex ability and driving competence at all times.

• Practice defensive driving during emergency response driving.

Stress Conditions

• Factors an officer might use to decide whether to engage in an emergency response include, but are not limited to:• The seriousness of the crime or incident• A routine response might compromise

the lives or safety of persons on the scene

• The time of day• The amount of traffic along the

officer’s route• What information about the suspect is

already known. Can the suspect be apprehended at a later time?

Stress Conditions

• Officers must be aware of their location at all times while on patrol.

• Officers should constantly identify their location and familiarize themselves with their assigned patrol area(s).

• Officers must learn to effectively use a map and should be able to relate their destination to their present location.

Orientation and Response Time to Calls

• Officers must be able to arrive at a destination within a reasonable amount of time.

• Officer must be able to locate and arrive at buildings, parking lots and other locations without difficulty.

• Officers should be aware of shortcuts and use them to save time.

Orientation and Response Time to Calls

• Officer’s must be able to perform their duties in moderate to high stress situations.

• An officer must avoid becoming emotional to the point where he/she cannot think or reason objectively and clearly.

• The officer must avoid:• Becoming panic-stricken• Hesitation• Loss of temper• Over-responding • Under-responding

Field Performance Under Stress

• Officers must maintain a calm demeanor and self-control in all situations.

• In any situation, officers must determine the proper course of action to take.


• Officers should prevent situations from deteriorating and restore control in the situation.

• Officers should mentally practice scenarios so they are prepared to react to stressful situations.


• Under stress, we revert to the fundamentals of our training.

• Officers should strive to attain good training.

• Officers can subscribe to many excellent law enforcement training organizations.


Law Enforcement Training Organizations

• The International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administration

• The International Association of Chiefs of Police

• The Federal Bureau of Investigation• The National Association of Field

Training Officers• The Police Executive Research Forum• The National Center for Community

Policing

Self-Initiated Field Activity

• Security officers must demonstrate interest in and ability to initiate patrol related activities.

• Officers must routinely act upon all situations observed - even in low priority situations.


• Officers must learn to observe suspicious activity and activity that requires action on their part.

• It is easy to rationalize suspicious activity as normal behavior and officers should conduct critical self-evaluations.


• Liability results from:• Failure to perform duties of the job or

as assigned.• Avoidance of taking action.• Failure to take appropriate action.

• Officers should learn to gain information from observed activity and from being inquisitive.

• One of the primary ways to recognize suspicious activity is through shift briefings/staff meetings.

Preparing for the Patrol Shift

Task Step

Uniform/Equipment • Shirt, pants, socks, according to the weather and the season.• Leather gear• Flash light• Portable radio• Badge and name tag• Clipboard and notebook• Forms• Miscellaneous officer safety equipment

Reports • Daily activity log• Incident reports• Arrests reports

Information Gathering • Police information• Roll call• Investigative briefings

Vehicle Inspection • Vehicle condition: damage, tires, fluids• First Aid Equipment• Radio

Specific Areas of Concern

• High security facilities or areas• Facilities under construction• Roads in dangerous conditions• Roads under construction• Residence Halls• Areas where valuable equipment is maintained• Bus Stops• Parks• Athletic and recreation facilities• Parking garages and parking lots• Abandoned or vacant buildings • Money-handling facilities

Preventive Patrol Techniques

• It is a patrol function to attempt to prevent crime by creating a security presence on campus.

• Security officers should be identified by uniform.

Types of preventive patrol include:

• Foot or Bicycle• Motor Patrol• Directed Patrol

Foot or Bicycle Patrol Techniques

Must be used in conjunction withmotor patrols. These methods may beeffective in smaller, densely populatedareas as a means to create higherofficer visibility and as a means tocommunicate with residents andbusiness owners in the patrol area.Foot and bike patrols are also effectivein directed patrol areas where activityis focused in a smaller geographicareas, and/or the activity is visiblefrom the street.

Directed Patrol Technique

• Directed at specific criminal activity that is occurring in the patrol areas. Officers can determine areas to be targeted by reviewing submitted reports and shift logs, by knowing their patrol area, and by observing the people and activity in the patrol area.

Patrol Patterns and Patrol Observation

• Security Officer’s should avoid establishing a routine in their patrol methods.

• Officers should stagger their building checks, personal breaks, travel routes, and general patrol patterns.


• When officers establish routine patrol patterns, it allows offenders to observe the officer’s patterns and to plan criminal activity accordingly.

• The patrol pattern used by an officer is commonly determined by the related crime problems known to occur in the patrol area.


• Offenders will attempt to predict the patrol to maximize their opportunity to successfully commit a crime.

• Officers can circumvent this by doubling back on themselves, by not leaving a building through the same door entered, and by using unpredictable, or less traveled pathways or routes.


Patrol Pattern Method

Circular The patrol is driven either from the approximate center of the area in ever-increasing circles or from the outside of the area in ever-decreasing circles. Obviously the pattern is approximately (not literally) circular.

Double Back The plan is methodical and is also helpful in learning the area. Like the circular plan, lack of predictability can be provided by varying the starting point and occasionally either looping a block or making a double-back run on the same street just covered. Double-back runs are particularly helpful in problem areas or in cases where something is spotted during a regular run that is deserving of a second look. It may be desirable to stake out an area from the opposite side of the street.

Random There are as many ways of achieving a random pattern as there are areas to be covered and officers to patrol them. For example, an officer may choose to build a random approach around the type of problem identified. In any case, a selected pattern must provide for complete coverage of the area and lack predictability.

Patrol Strategies

• Patrol strategies should include checking areas of reported crime to prevent or observe crimes in progress.

• Perform surveillance activities.

• Good proactive patrol initiatives will incorporate a variety of strategies.

These patrol strategies or methods should be structured and based on solid crime analysis and relationships between:• The types of crime(s) occurring.• The types of victimizations.• The locations or geography where the crimes are occurring.• The times when the crimes are occurring.• The suspect’s apparent method of committing the crime (MO).• Other variables that indicate commonalities between the crimes that have been occurring.

Patrol Strategies

Foot and Bicycle Patrol

Advantages Disadvantages

Close contact with residents. Not suitable for large patrol area.

Officer accessibility to the community.

A suspect may escape via motor vehicle.

Officers can move quickly through heavy pedestrian traffic.

Limited access to equipment that may be in the patrol vehicle.

Closer inspection of the patrol area. Use of technology is more limited than in a motor patrol.

Motor Patrol

Advantages Disadvantages

A large patrol area can be covered. Does not facilitate community interaction.

Allows officers to respond in a timely manner.

Some crime scenes and areas are not easily accessible by the patrol vehicle.

Can handle more incidents in a shorter period than foot patrol.

Cost associated with vehicle, fuel, maintenance, etc.

Directed Patrol

Advantages Disadvantages Good proactive approach for intercepting crimes in progress.

Difficult to sustain over long periods as it may consume resources from normal patrol operations.

Good for responding to patterns of specific crimes that occur in the same area.

Effectiveness may be lost when the targeted area is geographically large.

Can incorporate specific patrol techniques based on the types of crimes and the geography of the targeted area. (e.g. using bikes in areas that are not accessible by vehicle)

Effectiveness depends on good crime analysis.

Questions?

This training module is based on the information obtained in the International Association of Campus...

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