This Thursday, Oct. 25th 1-1:50pm:Exam in DUANE G140

Covers lectures and labs(except today’s lecture on microcontrollers)

You may bring handwritten notes covering one side of one 8-1/2 x 11 piece of paper and a

calculator (no textbooks/lab manuals)

Exam topics include but are not limited to:

• Complex transfer functions• Complex impedance• Bode Plots and decibels• Transistor circuits (BJT & JFET)• Op-Amp circuits (open loop, pos. & neg. FB)• Digital electronics (but no microcontrollers)• …

Last opportunity to get help with your exam preparations: Wednesday 5:30 – 7pm in G230

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

Microcontrollers (MCU)

Networks of transistors, diodes etc.

Digital electronics overview

Discrete Logic (AND/OR etc.)

complexity

(qualitative!)pr

oces

sing

thro

ughp

ut

Programmable Logic (ROM, PAL and CPLD etc.)

(not to scale)

(not

to sc

ale)

Digital Signal Processors

(DSP)

CPU:Central Proces-

sing Unit

Memory Peripherals

Data bus

Address bus

Microcontroller chip

External pins

MCU: Microcontroller Unit

Byte 0Byte 1Byte 2

Byte N

bit 0

bit 1

bit 2

bit 7

Address000000010002

N

Memory block with N bytes of storage space

+5V

Address16 lines for 64kB20 lines for 1MB32 lines for 4 GB…

+5V = “read!”

Reading data*

* All this is done inside the microcontroller. You do not need an extra chip for this week’s lab.

Data8 lines for 1 Byte16 lines for an integer32 lines for a long-int.…

R/W

Address Data

+5V

Address

+0V = “write!”

Writing data*

* All this is done inside the microcontroller. You do not need an extra chip for this week’s lab.

Data

R/W

Address Data

There are many types of memory

Read only Read & write- Program code- Constants

- Variables

ROM: Read-Only Memory RAM: Random Access Memory

ROM: factory programmedPROM: Program once (OTROM)FLASH: Program ~10,000 times

(Can only erase large areas at once. Good for

program storage. Cheap.)EEPROM: Program ~1Million times

(Can erase small chunks. Good for storing user settings.

Very expensive small.)

SRAM: Static RAM. Fast & easy to use.(usually used in MCUs).

DRAM: Dynamic RAM. Very cheapHard to use. Usually used inPCs.

(MRAM: Magnetoresistive RAM .Fast & non-volatile RAM.The future?)

CPU:Central Proces-

sing Unit

Memory Peripherals

Data bus

Address bus

Microcontroller chip

External pins

The Peripherals and the Memory often share the same Address and Data busses. They are arranged such that data and peripheral functions appear at different addresses.

“Memory-map” of PIC 16F630/637

Data storage (variables you use in your code go here)

Communicate with peripherals

Writing to address 07h changes the voltage at PORT C pinsA ‘1’ produces 5 V; a ‘0’ 0 V at the output(reading PORT A returns the current voltages at RAx pins if configured as inputs)

bit 0

bit 1

bit 2

bit 7