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Earthquake Building Risk Assessment Earthquake Building Risk Assessment Earthquake Building Risk Assessment Earthquake Building Risk Assessment
in Sana’a city, Yemenin Sana’a city, Yemenin Sana’a city, Yemenin Sana’a city, Yemen
Prepared by:
Moneer Abdullah Al-Masni
Seismological and Volcanological Observatory Center (SVOC)
Ministry of Oil & Minerals
• Building Damage Prediction at Sana’a city by
Developing Historical Earthquake Scenarios and
investigate the behavior of buildings during the
strong earthquakes.
•Improvement our Disaster Management
Planning through rising preparedness at city
level.
Location:
Yemen is located in the southern west of
GENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFORMATION�� TopographyTopography
The country’s
topography of
Rugged
Mountains,
Volcanic
Highlands,
Deserts, and
Coastal plains.
�� GeoGeo--Tectonic Tectonic
settingsetting
Red
SEA
SAUDI
ARABIA
OMAN
the southern west of the Arabian peninsula.
AREA :528,000 km², 21
Governorate
POPULATION:22 million.
settingsetting
(Arabian plate)
is bordered by
active seismic
zone : the Red
Sea from the
west and Gulf of
Aden from the
south..
GULF OF ADEN
Geology and Tectonic
Earthquakes in Yemen and Sana’a region
Recent Earthquakes
Historical Earthquakes
Identified Yemenis Building Types
Example : Un-Reinforcement Masonry Building types (URM)
BurntBurntBurntBurnt
Brick
BurntBurntBurntBurnt
Brick
++++
stone
block
clay
Example : Reinforcement Masonry Building types (RM) filled by block stone and bricks
Concrete Filled by stones &&&&brick
Concrete Filled by block
Example : Reinforcement Masonry Building types (RM) filled by stone
Concrete Filled by light stonesConcrete Filled by Heavy stonesConcrete Filled by Heavy stones
Building inventory and Data Base Preparation.
Building Distribution in Sana’a City
14
5
3 RC+Block
38 40
RC+Stone
Masonary block/stone
Masonary bricks
Masonary clay
Construction Type ( I )1.Reinforced concrete building filled with Blok
2.Reinforced concrete building filled with Stone
3. Masonry (Stone/concrete Block) buildings
4. Masonry (Bricks) buildings
5. Masonry (Clay) buildings
Number of stories ( J )
Example for Classification of Building Types
According to Existing Database
Number of stories ( J )1. Low -rise (1-3 stories)
2. Mid -rise (4-6 stories)
3. High-rise (more than 6 stories)
Construction date ( K )1. Construction year: Pre-1982
2. Construction year: Post-1982
Seismic level Design in Buildings ーーーー HAZUS
pre-code
Low-code
Example Results of Buildings classification
0
44942231
2205
6377
2232
1519
5848
3595
3067
305
2174
Old sana`a
Shuaub
Azal
Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain
Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir
Ma`ain
Al-Thawra
Bani_Al-harith
Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol
0
226
112
111
321
112 76
294
181
154
15
109 Old sana`a
Shuaub
Azal
Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain
Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir
Ma`ain
Al-Thawra
Bani_Al-harith
Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol
Low- rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , 1-3 story Mid- rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , 4-6 story
0
86
43
42
123
43 29
112
69
59
6
42
Old sana`a
Shuaub
Azal
Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain
Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir
Ma`ain
Al-Thawra
Bani_Al-harith
Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol
7576
552
274
271
783
274
187
718 442 430
73 298 Old sana`a
Shuaub
Azal
Al-Safiya
Al-Sabain
Al-Wahdah
Al-Tahrir
Ma`ain
Al-Thawra
Bani_Al-harith
Dhawahi Hamdan
Sanhan - Bani_ Bahlol
High-rise Concrete Frame fill with Block , > 6 story Low- rise Masonry (Bricks) , 1-3 story
Application Of HAZUS Methodology in Sana’aApplication Of HAZUS Methodology in Sana’a
EarthquakeEarthquakeEarthquakeEarthquake RiskRiskRiskRisk AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
diagram show the methodology used for risk assessment analysis
Simulation of Earthquake Scenarios.Simulation of Earthquake Scenarios.Simulation of Earthquake Scenarios.Simulation of Earthquake Scenarios.
Development of Earthquake Scenarios.Development of Earthquake Scenarios.Development of Earthquake Scenarios.Development of Earthquake Scenarios.
Sana’ city
HamdanEQ
Figure shows the location of earthquakes used for scenario damage assessment
DhamarEQ
SiteSiteSiteSite effectseffectseffectseffects ,,,,SoilSoilSoilSoil ConditionsConditionsConditionsConditions andandandand ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification
Based on AVS30m and NEHRP guidelines
geological unites divided to 3 Groups
BA C
( ) )()(52)6(3)6(21(VA
VsbvLnrLnbMbMbbSLn A ++−+−+=
hr jbr
22 +=
=Rvb
ssb
allbb
1
1
11
For strike-Slip earthquakes
For reverse Slip earthquakesIf mechanism not specified
Where
And
Attenuation Model and soil conditionAttenuation Model and soil conditionAttenuation Model and soil conditionAttenuation Model and soil condition
Imm= 1.6 * Ln PGA+ 0.545 * Mw +5.78
=allb
b1
1
SA is spectral acceleration to be derived
b1,b2,b3,b5,bv are constants provided with the equation
M is the magnitude of the earthquake
rjb is the horizontal distance from epicenter
Vs the shear wave velocity of the soil class
provided by NEHRP classification
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Distance (Km)
Imm
Wald_Soil_B
Bendimerad_Soil_B
Wald_Soil_C
Bendimerad_Soil_C
Wald_Soil_D
Bendimerad_Soil_D
<all other values>HamdINTsHamdINTsHamdINTsHamdINTs2.73.13.23.73.944.344°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N
15°40'0"N 15°40'0"N44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N
15°40'0"N 15°40'0"NDHM_INTDHM_INTDHM_INTDHM_INT2.93.33.43.53.6
Seismic Intensity MAP
DHAMAR_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIOHAMDAN_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIO
4.64.84.955.25.35.55.65.75.86.16.2 44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N
44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N
3.944.34.44.54.64.755.7
DHM_S1DHM_S1DHM_S1DHM_S10.0110.0120.0160.0180.0190.020.02144°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N15°40'0"N 15°40'0"N
Spectral Acceleration MAP
Long period Spectral Acceleration MAP、1.0、1.0、1.0、1.0sShort period Spectral Acceleration MAP、0.2、0.2、0.2、0.2s44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N15°40'0"N 15°40'0"NDHM_SSDHM_SSDHM_SSDHM_SS0.0360.0370.0520.0560.060.0650.0660.077DHAMAR_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIODHMAR_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIO
0.0240.0250.0260.030.0360.0380.0430.0440.0460.0470.0490.0520.0680.071 44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N0.0770.080.0810.0830.0980.10.1010.1060.1070.1080.1090.1130.120.1280.159
BuildingBuildingBuildingBuilding Damage AnalysisDamage AnalysisDamage AnalysisDamage Analysis
1)1)1)1)Building Response CalculationBuilding Response CalculationBuilding Response CalculationBuilding Response Calculation
2)2)2)2)Building Fragility Curves
Set up Input building data base and site condition asasasas HAZUS Method
Calculation Fault , fragility and capacity parameters
Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(Block) buildings
Calculation Vulnerability curves for all RM(Rc+stone) buildings
Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(bricks) buildings
Calculation Vulnerability curves for all URM(clay) buildings
Expected Damage on buildings caused by Dhamar EQ .Scenario
DHAM AR EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight le ve l
(low-rise ,M id-rise and High rise )
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Old CityOld CityOld CityOld CityShu'aubShu'aubShu'aubShu'aub Az'zalAz'zalAz'zalAz'zalAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAt TahrirAt TahrirAt TahrirAt Tahrir Ma'ainMa'ainMa'ainMa'ainAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ Bahlol ArhabArhabArhabArhab NihmNihmNihmNihmPe
rc
en
t o
f B
uil
din
g D
am
ag
e
Low-rise bu i ldings
Mid-rise bu i ldings
Hi gh -rise bu i ldin gs
DHAMAR EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO
Probability of Total B uilding Damage _URM Class based on Hight leve l
(low-rise and Mid-rise )25.00Dhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ Bahlol
District Nam e
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Old CityOld CityOld CityOld CityShu'aubShu'aubShu'aubShu'aub Az'zalAz'zalAz'zalAz'zalAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAt TahrirAt TahrirAt TahrirAt Tahrir Ma'ainMa'ainMa'ainMa'ainAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ Bahlol ArhabArhabArhabArhab NihmNihmNihmNihmDistrict Nam e
Per
ce
nt
of
Bu
ild
ing
Da
ma
ge
Low-rise bui ldings
Mid-ri se bu ildin gs
HAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOProbability of Tota l Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight levelProbability of Tota l Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight levelProbability of Tota l Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight levelProbability of Tota l Building Damage _RM Class based on Hight level ( low-rise,Mid-r ise and High r ise ) ( low-rise,Mid-r ise and High r ise ) ( low-rise,Mid-r ise and High r ise ) ( low-rise,Mid-r ise and High r ise )0.005.0010.0015.0020.0025.00
Old CityOld CityOld CityOld City Shu'aubShu'aubShu'aubShu'aub Az'zalAz'zalAz'zalAz'zalAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAt TahrirAt TahrirAt TahrirAt Tahrir Ma'ainMa'ainMa'ainMa'ainAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ Bahlol ArhabArhabArhabArhab NihmNihmNihmNihmPercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge Damage Low-rise BuildingMid-rise BuildingHigh-rise Building
Expected Damage on buildings caused by Hamdan EQ .Scenario
HAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOHAMDAN EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOProbability of Total Bu ilding Damage _URM Class based on H igh t leve lProbability of Total Bu ilding Damage _URM Class based on H igh t leve lProbability of Total Bu ilding Damage _URM Class based on H igh t leve lProbability of Total Bu ilding Damage _URM Class based on H igh t leve l ( low-rise and Mid- rise ) ( low-rise and Mid- rise ) ( low-rise and Mid- rise ) ( low-rise and Mid- rise )25.00 Low-rise BuildingSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolDist r ic t NamaeDist r ic t NamaeDist r ic t NamaeDist r ic t Namae0.005.0010.0015.0020.00
Old CityOld CityOld CityOld City Shu'aubShu'aubShu'aubShu'aub Az'zalAz'zalAz'zalAz'zalAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAssafi'yahAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAs SabainAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAl WahdahAt TahrirAt TahrirAt TahrirAt Tahrir Ma'ainMa'ainMa'ainMa'ainAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahAth'thaorahBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithBani Al HarithDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanDhawahi HamdanSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ BahlolSanhan - Bani_ Bahlol ArhabArhabArhabArhab NihmNihmNihmNihmDis trict NamaeDis trict NamaeDis trict NamaeDis trict NamaePercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge DamagePercent of Buildinge Damage Low-rise BuildingMid-rise Building
Risk Map in term of completely damage(Damage(Damage(Damage(Damage DistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution mapmapmapmap ))))
DHM_000_CDHM_000_CDHM_000_CDHM_000_C0.51257891316
44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N15°40'0"N 15°40'0"N15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N
<all other values>HamdanHamdanHamdanHamdan013457101516243944°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E15°50'0"N 15°50'0"N15°40'0"N 15°40'0"N15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N
DHAMAR_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIOHAMDAN_EQEQEQEQ. SCENARIO
202137555669848690106147183219295 44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N
601351831852292752803044204338038128381576 44°30'0"E44°20'0"E44°10'0"E44°0'0"E
15°30'0"N 15°30'0"N15°20'0"N 15°20'0"N15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N
Discussion and Conclusions•The initial results of, expected damage on buildings shows overestimationoverestimationoverestimationoverestimation results
acceptable at the broad level evaluation. However, the results seem not to be very
accurate for fine level risk evaluation.
The graphs indicates that:
• High an Moderate rise buildings (URM or RM) is the most vulnerable to
earthquake damage. Whereas low rise buildings is least vulnerable.
• Buildings located above soft sediments site have higher damage and more • Buildings located above soft sediments site have higher damage and more
vulnerable to risk comparing to buildings located on hard rock
• Buildings having structural properties similar to URML model type is damaged
more than RML type.
• The highest Spectral ground acceleration was (0.05-0.07g) for long period and
(0.1-0.15g) for short period and located at central part of Sana'a city.
Whereas maximum estimated seismic intensity around VI.
:
Discussion and ConclusionsExpected damage on buildings Expected Damage On Build ing-Dhamar EQ-ScenarioExpected Damage On Build ing-Dhamar EQ-ScenarioExpected Damage On Build ing-Dhamar EQ-ScenarioExpected Damage On Build ing-Dhamar EQ-Scenario60993609936099360993 36094360943609436094 9545954595459545 1547154715471547010000200003000040000500006000070000
No.of Damaged buildings All ClassesExpected Damage On Build ing-Handan EQ-Scenar ioExpected Damage On Build ing-Handan EQ-Scenar ioExpected Damage On Build ing-Handan EQ-Scenar ioExpected Damage On Build ing-Handan EQ-Scenar io78321783217832178321 66922669226692266922 26676266762667626676 66666666666666660100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000
No.of Damaged buildings All classes
The structural properties of Yemini’s buildings such as capacity, damage function, height of
building ,exact number of buildings per district, population and location must be provided
completely with accurate level in future work to get the more realistic results of risk evaluation of
buildings in study area.
0 Slight Moderate Extencive CompleteDamage state0 Slight Moderate Extencive CompleteDamage state
(Thank you!)(Thank you!)(Thank you!)(Thank you!)