•

•

•

.4'

THIS DOCUMENT IS TflE BEST AVAILABLE. EVERY TECHNICAL EFFORT HAS BEEN TAKEN TO INSURE LEGIBILITY.

,_,,,. lJ. 1941·

' ..... OlllUI TOI THI

J)IJUiCTOll ~ Tiii llUDOZ'I'

POR RllCOIA!lllllATIOH.

~fe'Gt.(I ... t.o tht' t't'e.3 . r1•vl"I VOJ11lt1VU:' huah, 1>1l"t.:Ot.UJ" or Offtco or Sotcn t1flo RusPa-ch a nd [ievo.OJ'nt:nL l/c-,/i. ... re Ci v-11 lun belent. l rlc C.:Of"il:J ai. -lu. moollJL.ut.1~ n l•"' ltU:.-11' .

Jf•ti•••I Al'dir11 ••I •K1tlJ SnrNt ffMlU I I. IHllWCLT Ll llAt f

uor " " • •· r.

l'lpon ot Pnddlft\ l'n.nltll.n D. Roosov11'

'

WA8Hl.NOTOH

lilarch ll, 1942.

llEMORANOUl.l FOR DR. VA!ll/EVAR oosu( I am greatly 1r.t~rcc tcd i n your

r epor t ot Warch ni n t h and I lllll r eturning 1t

herewith f or your confident ial f ile . I

t h i nk the whole thin.g sboula be pushcu

not only 1n nc;:.r<i to develop::i !Ont , but also

wi t h due r egard to t 1':tc . This i s v~ry auch

ot t he essence . I h.'.lve no obj ecti on to t urn-

1.ng ovor f uture progres~ to tho "or Depar t­

ment on cond1t1on that you your llt>lf a rc

certa in t l'lut the ;';ll.r Department has '!lade

a l l adequa te provi s i on fo r absol u t e a~crecy .

P' . D. R.

,,_ '"' Qi!;<, •f V. BUSH

llr . Forster :

'Mlosa &rP. films of the "L'lmhibioua .Jeep" . I think t ho President, when he has a moa•nt t.o relax, a:ay enjoy see~ them. Thov &rB ccn­f'irlontial, of CO'llrse, biJt not. extremely 901 for the V<>hicle itsttlr has been seen on the road and there was a brief st.atem•nt aboi1t it re­le~sed by the An:\" .

Thia is one of the fastest jobs on record. Mv 'O"OUD were ~u"1ed loose on it &bout Dec .... ber 10, and br Yarch 10 we had a finished vehicle on teat , and it is now under nro-luct.ion .

One wo .. .Ld •X1'ect that, when a .loep i• mndo to al'tim, it would become a poor land vohlclo . Quito the cont rary , the amohibioua Jeen out­noformo tho ordinarv jeeo on land. Aleo jt doe• well in surf, as the film shows .

Uaea are of course bel.n~ held cloae.Lv c nfidential . Please tell the President, however, that the l?rit.ish Com::widos know all about it , and are followinP it closely.

JLV lil'T"OUD of m PineO?"S 1S now buSV a:akintt other thln1·s swim. ~ . ~

. . ....................... ;\ ..... . ·~··:::~··".·· . · y J5r- Y. ~ if'i. - V.BUSH ~ ~ ~· Fk ~vi .rune 24 , ' 1942 .

Mr. Forster:

The accompanying memorandwn is in reply to the JJ:emorandum from the President to me or yes•erday,

' read1ll8 "Do you have tha money?" .

V. Bush.

- --

.- ··································"' . . _ ... °""" V. BUSH C0 t'D&'m= 'ti

June 24, 1942 .

U9!.!0RANOOJ.I PCR TRE PRESIDENT:

We have the money. The Arm:t plans to use available funds to be later replaced .

Arthur Compton has plenty or reason for being excited, but like ma ny a scienti st is not noted for staying in channels . He is getting resul ts , ho·11ever, and I hope he gets them fast enough .

v. Bush .

Y.!'8.T~l~r u. ::cocevo~ ~ Li~ DECLA~::;lFIED AEt t. j)~ .. t:oet"...c ) 2.- 12-10

•

-. ~ ...... ..-." , · -

THIE WH I TE HOUSIE

WASHINGTON

GQPS 7 •

lmlORAIDUJI 10R DR. YAllJIBY.IJl BUBlh

'W.D.R.

Copy of the Vice President ' s letter attached for our files , ori ginal sent with telegram from Arthur H. Compton to the Vice President " I suspect Bush is having t rouble get ting suitable finnncing of work we have discussed . Have strong evidence Germans will have this weapon raady for use in 1943? I f we are not similarly ready this woulo mean disaster . Can see no snfety from this threat short of oll out effort to develop counter measures . Please check with Bush i;o ensure i:iat:tng such effort possible . " froc Pittsburgh, PeMu . '

·~·

lune 20, 1942

Th• Pne1dent

'l'h• lhi te RouH

Deal' Mr. Preaident1

You saieht take the enclosed wire tro•

Art.bur Ooapton into account along with the

nport aubll1 tted to you by Vannnv llwlb and

algned by .,-eelf and the Secretary or War,

Reapectf'ull7 yours,

H, A. Ital.lace

. -~ . --.,

T H E WHIT E H OUSE

WASH INGTON

M7 u. lNI.

·.

I A9 •t W. I llaft NpllH te ,._. et I-. 1Mlt la NlaU. te tlll ;n ' •et ...tala .. la °'n's. I ..... wlth c: tllat W ¢ 1• eaua .. at 0a•t4 I W .. ......

, .I

Alee .1 I 11111117 •PJiN'N ,._ ,. ... , toaV.J. ,.u...

I te>t I wltla 111'. C 0

111 la ....... - till• a.1• -Hu' ........ la I 31 •'9 allJ ...

, .11.ll.

Jnnklln D. Rooeenlt L1'bHJ'J

ni: r.L~ ~~!rtEO fiEC b])~-', 'FI>lf'i-

.,_ - I~ - /&

""1<% IOA fHl"V'CY l£UiAC£MDIT OFFICE Of SCIF.N'11FIC R.ESEAROI AND DEVELOPMENT

ISJO P STRa:r NW.

YAMCVMl ... .,._

The President, The Wtij.te House,

Washington , D.C.

Dear Mr. President:

Y~INCTOl'I, D. C.

June 19 , 1942.

j lftatlln D. l\ooeH•1' t.t' •• l~CLASSIFIED y ;1£ ( /; JJwu:l;,v, 'l.DHL

;i.-/).-7(}

Tbs program ot very confidential nature which you initialled on the seventeenth is now being put into street. In accord with our policy , I em intorllling the Br! tisb ot our t echnical and orga­nizat ional plane, and they will pres ently send to me the program which they are Just now considering. I feel sure these two plane will fit together adequately.

In tbi s conoection I have occasionally been consulted by the British concerning aft er- the-war relationships on this matter, and my reply has always been that you Will presumably discuss t hese with Mr . Churchill . These relat i onships may be or exceedingly great importance , for one thing because ot the power production a spects .

On one point, however , I would like to be 1n a position to give a reply. Tbs Canadians are considering quietly purchasing the principal ore source in Canada so that it'wi ll be under their • government control. The Br itish seem to approve this move, but ask our reactions . I am i nclined to encourage t hem to go ahead, wi th the thought that international r elationships will be more readily handled it control or the matter is in government hands. DO you wish me to indicate t hat such a step would be considered appropriate?

With this same thought in mind, I am providi ng for adequate records of our research on the basis of which patents can later be prepared, and I intend to see to it, so tar as possible, that these are assigned outright to tbe United States Government. un­fortunately , complete patent control rmy not be possible in this way, but sufficient may be obtained so that the method could not be applied in peace time except under government license.

Otherwi se, l will take steps on control of the matter, or on international relationships concerning it, only as you may direct.

• . ,...--

.......... 11, 1942 • .... ,_,_ l MY• 70lll'• of Dec-bu •izt• _.. WS. •

po•bol'ipt .t Dea-Mr -.'7-t.bil"d 1D npl"d to u.. •peoial P1'9jeo\. l •111 .,,,. ... \be l'llllm

••••time.

n.aae NDi • a -.or•D'- u to bew

7«* "''nk l eb-1 • ap.-oach U. Bui&c•t 1D ••'•1 tor \he ap...,.,.Ut1•·

I aa reWl'aiq 708Z !older and letter

.u.,.. ·~,

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!ho Prestdent, The llbit.e House,

Wbsb!n&ton, D. c.

Dear llr. Pres•.dent:

... b,.,,.,ry ~ . 194J

-Ms aeaore.nduo is 1n response to your note of Decei>ber tT.enty-eigbth, In whl.ch :rou ult thet I lndl cc t e now you mliHt R~propr\¥toly oprroi.ch the Bud11et in connection with ti. •peclnl oroi;ram ~h1ch you authorized at U1'lt tue.

IA)" 1'\lggestlon l• t hllt you dtroct tho Amy to 1nclude t he o .. tter •'ith lto OtilOI' TO<\llO~tS for Oj)­

propri&tion as a contingent porcontu0o for rcsorves for ono or tilfl le.rcer l\.OM. No clcwUcd justtflce­tlon would be submitted , but a goMrol Ju•ttflcbtlon could be oode conrtaent1oll1 to tho Cho 1ro..n or each Aoproprlation COO!llttee and to tho !llroctor o!' t!lo Buree.u o~ t?r Budget .

tf ;«N "hh the cat• er hondl!tcl in thl • 10.y· , T 11'1.ll be i;1Ao to "° ~n'ora the ap,,,-o?rl•t• o!"!'lccrs 1n I.he Ar.Ill •

Reopectfully rw:·o ,

{f.li;ned)

''V . S . ....'\,

O~K. l'. r..R."

--~ -

v. Bu•h , Director .

S..,.~Of<co/ V. BUSH

Mr. Forster:

February 2, 194).

It this is "41at the Preei-

dent wants, and I think it is ,

I'll see that it gets done. The

Army is agreeable to doing 1 t

this way. I judge the Pr esident

will probably initial and return

my note, so that I will have de-

finite instruotione to prooeed.

v. Bush.

-RDIIND llR. HOPIUHS TO SPEAK 'IO

CENERAL SOllER\ltLL ON THIS

NEXT TKREE OR P'OUR DAYS

2/19/ 43

1

f" f "IMlin D. leNft91t l.t ... .flrl}l ,.c~IFJEO -

. AFC '1J11111>YH 'FPR'­>·lj.·1~

Fr o1111 Londo" To r Pr ••ldont of tho l'nl tod ~tat••

rnn••bered Cf;bruary 16, lP43.")

Pr'ro l'ini stor to lli , .. er ttarry Popki na J>1trsonal aoc Willl"*:::: I a1 mod rrl ""') .

Do yo,, recno:Qber our conversation about that vory secret :t&ttor WO ('&)led "'tul'le Allvy•" rich )'OU tol~ r:e 'AWld 'be out r1&ht a.a soon aa tho President. eot home? J shottld bn vory ~rl\t•f'ul i'OT tOrr.e nO'lll Rboot th.is , Al at pro r.nnt tho Ji.r..er il""An li'rO.r l>ef18rtnnot 1a a1klnv uo to Y~en UlO'D informert or our oxperi:..entc while r6-ruain~ althO!'eth.,.r c.ny Snfort:1tim bout tholr1 .

PRI E

, . e- ,~­

.....

-- psP ~ ,l THE WHITll HOUIJll ~~J WAllH INQTON

April 2 , 1943

MEMOl\Af/DUM FOR

THE PRESIDENT ·

I sup~oao th1s 1s eelf­

explrnn to ry to you.

~lHM

OFTI~ 1'0ll UIUIQOICY llANMZMENT

OFflCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEAROi AND DEV'El..OPMENT ll)O P S'l'RD:T NY.

WASHINGTON. O. C.

Kr, ll&rTiD H. MoIDt)'l'e, The White Houee,

Wallbington, D. 0,

Dear Mr. Moint)'l'e:

Me.rob Jl , 191+).

Wbm I lunobed with the Preal.dent lut W•4D••da7 be 1.Dquired oonoerning a a111tar)' eetabliabaent in the State or Waab1ngton. It appear• that one or the Senatore rroa Wallbington bad taken up w1 th bia the queetion o.r whether this ••tabliabaent would not unduly 1.Dter.rere with agrioultural er.tort• in the region. At the tllul I did not know all the .raota, and I benoe told tho President that I would look it up.

I .tind that the eetabl11b.lllont in question, whioh is near Paaoo, ia 1.Ddeed one oonneoted with a dev1lop11Wnt tba t I have bad 11o•thing to do w1 th. Aooordingly, I disouHed the entire a.trail' with the Ar'f/f/f engineers in­volved and exaained partioularly 1.Dto the queetion or inter.rerenoe w1 th oropa, I oeM to the de.tinite peraonal oonoluaion that every oare baa been used to render thi• inter.rerenoe ain1.mua.

A very oaretul eearob was made be.tore ohooaing the e1 ta. No other eite in the entire country could be tound that combined the rather atriot needs or tlli• pro­ject tor power, water, and iaolation. A representative or the Department or Agriculture looklld OTer the eite with the Army repreaentativea and etated that be knew or no other a1 te where leae damage would be done to agrioul­ture in view or the ne•d•. Th• extent or the traot oooupied and the general arranaemanta have been baaed on t he reco.m11.endationa o.r engineer• that I ooneider highly o0111petent, and I believe their atated requi r ement• are •••ential .ror the beat auoo••• ot the e.rrort and could not aareiy be deor .. aed.

•

/

-2-

I also rind that definite steps have been taken to insure that this year•a orops will be taken ott ex­cept where the area is actually in use, and the used area will be a small part ot the tract. The ettorts to keep the interference with agriculture in the region at an a~solute minimum consistent with Arllq needs seem. to me to have been handled with every 1nol1nat1on to pro­tect the agricultural ettort as tar as possible.

I think that the President did not wish me to do anything turther than to examine into the situation in­dependently and torm an opinion as to whether it was be­ing well handled. This I have done w1 th the above con­clusions. It, however, there is aDTthing turther he would oare to have me do in this connection, you will or course let me know.

Cordially yours,

V. Bush, Director.

· . •

•

} h;; 'i/rJf a__ ~-

);_c_j,,,, ';J,,i// tr;(.,,L-{;

~V>tnJ -t. ~ 11._:, ~~

.1-t vUf4uA. ---..

---- ----

111 .. Tull y -•'

I believe this i s a mat t er ! or cono ldera.tion by Dr , Vannevar Bueh, Director of the Ot!ice ot Scien t111c Research and Development .

ll. C. L .

:

THE WHITE H OUSE

WASHINGTON

THE WH ITE H O USE

WASHINGTON

.Tuly 14 , 1943,

MEMORAUDtnl i''Oll

HOii . HARRY lt'.lI>Kil:S :

What o!lould I do about thh and the r enly to Cburoh111 1 o w1roT

r

F . D. R.

Ltr. 6-10-41 , from florrv Hockins to Dr. Vonnevnr Busb , Carnerte Instltutlon , 1 q o P St. , N. \'! . , ro d 1 s cueston wttb the Prime Minister re quest i on or exohange of tnt'omation re • tube alloys , incl·•d ing the buildlnR project .

----

THE WHIT E HO USE

WASH I NGTON

August 11, 1943

llUIORANDUll FOR

MISS GRACE TllLLY

The President has

read this nnd 1 t c>an now

be filed.

Encl. file f r o•

H.~.H.

Or . V. Bueb ro tube alloys

4166

• or

,q;;; «D-t ,~ . c.& /<'<"" . . . :s;..~ /-e-0 ,q·v~­

TH1: WH ITE Houi(E

WASHINGTON

..._t, lNI.

roa JOUR 111101U1Anot1.

"F .D.R."' .D.R.

Copy/Cont1dent.ial -orardlllll, 2/12/ 45, re Utilization o! Scientific i!anpCJn1r, ln>m 11.ra, Roceevelt, which discuaaes the unwarranted uaurpaUcn ot inanpcorer by the National Reeoarch Detenao Committee and t.he Office at Scientific Research Ind Developaent and the use of that power to protect tl'e pecu.niary intereata ot individual so i entista a t the expense ot the war e f tort; t>entions parti cuJ.arly the l osa of tro services or men in t he l!inesweepine Sect ion (G:CO) ot the Bureau or Shipe.

..

v....v.- ... -Tho Preeident ,

The \'lb1te House, lfaehington, D. C.

Dear !Jr. Pro si dent:

August 7, 194J.

Pursuant to your inatrucitions contained in your letter or July t wentiet h, I have prooeeded to arrange tor f urther intorohange with the Britieh on the subject ot tubealloy.

This matter was, in raot, r aised by the Prime Minister while I was i n London and tbore were contor­encos there in which Secretary Stimson par ticipat ed . In response to your cable to the Prime Minister, Sir John Ander son arrived in this oountry this week and there have been f urther conversations here. We asked him to indi­cate definit ely the way in which the present American policy should be altered or supplemented in order to pro­vide tor interchange as desired by t he British , end he has done so in a letter , a copy ot which I enclose. I have replied to t his , and encl ose e copy or my r eply, the substance or which hes been approved by Secr et ary St imson and General i:arshall. Untortuns tely, i.:r . Wallace bas been out or the cl ty this t1eek so tbs t I could not consult him, but I reel sure that be will also approve the arrangements. I have also informed the monber s of the l.lilitary Col!:mittee on this subj ect, Ceneral Styer acd AW!liral FUrnell, or developments . Finally, I enclose a copy or a brier let­ter dated August 6, in which Sir John Anderson indioat es that our agreement is satietaotory to him.

In my opinion this exchange ot letter s provides adequately ~or appropri ate inter ohange , with due regard to the maintenance or security, and with the objeot or providing tho Britiah vlitb all or the information which they oan utilize in this oonneotion i n the proeeoution ot the war, in r e turn tor the beneti t or the deli bera­tions or t heir Ol'm eoientitic end teohnioal groups . Sir John Anderson has now written me a further let­t er concorning details or interohange, but I reel this should go before the Combined Policy Cor;imittee as soon es i t is formed.

-2- '

You will note that my reply gave no comments con­cerning the first tour points, whiob are matters of broad international agreement. I understand t hat the Pr ime Minister has advised Secretory Stimson ot these susses­tions. There bas, ot oourse , been some discussion ot these during the course of QY consultatione, and I have encountered some stroIJ8 opinions concerning t~em, but you will undoubtedly wish to coneult on this broad as­pect ot the matter directly rather than through me. I have attempted to bring about the extended and renewed interchange wbicb you desire, in an appropriate and effective manner, without introducing any step which could be regarded as either improper or improvident . our thought has been guided by the conviction that al l steps taken at this time should be solely for the purpose of winning the 1iv.r at the earliest possible moment. I trust you will feel that this attempt hes been successful, and that we mo.y bave your further instructions.

At your convenience I shall or course be bappy to report to you upon other aspects ot my recent journey. Respectfully yours,

v. Bush , Director .

0 0

p y

hantltn D. 11-nelt Li.._, DEGU\~~IF!ED

/I.IC. /" lh11te:f.11 FO~l ,,_,,,,_7~

M:y dear or . Bush,

c

BRITISH ~\SS'! llASBI!J:','l'ON, D. C.

6th August, 194J .

Thank you so much for your l etter ot the 6th .i:..us ust which is enti r ely s e.tisfaotory rrom my point of view.

I am or course qu i t a ready to ma.Ice the small a.:nend.ment which you suggest in the first clause or the draft aereement , and I am now proposing t o submit the draft , wi th thi s alterat i on, to the Prime ".inister f or his c onsideration . I assw::e therefore that you will s1.milarly submit it to the President ,

0 p

y

As r oeerds the point me.de r egardins the inter­pretation of sub-paragraph (b) i n tho 5th clause of the draft , I agree , or course, that it v11l l not be t'or the ooabined :?olicy ';oamittee to interfere with the control or the . ..merican p rouawne by the Cor ps of ,lngineers of the Un i ted :'.itb.tes Anny . :'y thoucht 1 S that the u.cubs r s of the oo~bined Policy Coi::nl.ttee should b.o.ve such intor­n:ation cs may be necessar y to enabl e ull or us to be satisfied that we are rnnkine the e r eatest possi 'ttle con­tribution towar es br inc;ing the p roject to fruition at the earliest poss i ble moment .

I art a fraid that , oviill<l to the short notice '1hich it was possible to sive of my visit , you hnve been put to oonsider uble inc onveni ence, and I am most grateful to you for the grea t trouble you have taken to round the matter orr in tohe limi t ed t114e which I hav e been abl e to spend hore .

:s visit bas siven me crent plea sure personally and I hope we rttiy meet again soon.

Yours very sinc erely ,

Dr . Vann aver Dush , Office 01' 3oient11'ic '!esearch &. Development, 15)0 :r . Street , l .'I. , '.iashinston, D.C.

lt lscnlt • •1M I al In al OFFICE. FOi. EMu&ElicY MANAGEMENT

OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC R.E'SEAROi AND DEVELOPMENT mo P sraEET NW. WASHINGTON, D. C. .... ,~ ....... A11P9t 6, 194) •

franklin D. bMeTOU Li__, Sil' loJua .... en•,

'tort Pl'•e14•at of t.h• oouaeil, Brl tl•ll .... 97.

PFt ' .f. ~~!FIED

/f£l t. fDUMl•r ... .,, .. 71 WamlqtoD, D.o.

ICr 4-.r Sir lollD :

I waa glad t.o noel •• J0\11' letter of Ausu•t 4 u4 I Ml i••• tbat 1 t preHnto u ueellellt. baa!• tor ••t.t.l•••Dt. ot t.b• qQNt.iOD of 1At.er•Mn10 ot iatonlll­t.loD whioh we 41•oU9ao4. It. 1• ••14eat. tllat. tho oub­JMt. .. tt.er ot tho •uae•t9' all'•-11• tall• 1Dt.o t.wo nt .. ol'i••· ft• tint. tour point.a an ooueno4 with •''-"• ot 111tenatloml Ulltor•tuul1114 quite be;ron4 the 4otin1 to pro bl • o t appropriate arruas-11t.• tor 111t.oroh•n10. TMH tour po1Dt.a, t.horotoro, an tor tho oou14ont.1on ot tho Proal4ont and tbo Pl'iM Jd111at.or. I h&To r••1•"4 tho titth po1Dt olll;r, whloh 1• ooiaoeru4 w1 t h un111 .. 11t• tor t'llll u4 ottoot.1 •• oollaknt.1011 oD t.ho roaearoh u4 4o•oloJ118Dt. procru, wi t.h Kr. 8'1JUOD an4 "1 t.h Ooneftl. Marlhall u4 ha••, ot oourao, 41•ouaao4 it q\lito t ull;r with Dr. oonant. All of u an 111 acro .. nt. that. 1 t proHnt.a a pz"Ooo4ure b;r wbloh 11it.oreh&Dgo Oil t.hla aubJoot oaa 11w be •rrlo4 011 tor- t ho purpoao ot tho 110ot np14 J;IOUlblo 4oToloiment ot t.hl• affair. Kr. Wallaoo, tho r-.la.11111 -bar ot t.ho Poll117 Oo-'tt.oe t.o whioh t.h• Pl' .. ldmt ntone4 t.ho aenval !l&DG.lnc of till• abJeot, 1• all9ut. tl'O• tho olt1' u4 I haTe aot bNll ablo t o 41eouu t.ho •tt.ar wit.h Illa. 1- -· honTer, oollt14mt. that u will ap>M. Th• •tt.or, t.hontoro, appOU'a to bo DOif 111 tom tor pro••n­t.atlpa to tile Prime 111D1ater u4 t.o t.ho Proe14•t an4 1 t 1• to bo hopo4 that. t.ho;r will all'M t.hat a 11111!abl• eolll\loa hae been reaehe4.

fto obJoot Of tho al'J'UCU•t la 90 t.o illtOl'­OhaJllO 1Dtormatlon, aa ;rou atat.o, a• to bl'illl tho pro­JMt. to trllltlon at. tll• oarllo•t poaelblo -Dt.. ftl•

• 11 lac: II • Ii llMI Int Sewet "ranklin 11 . Jt ...... 11 U~WI

-a- 1. ""'FIED ~ft., r. J>e-.ct• flll. ,_n. .. 7• u.a la tu• Mee teflal\•11 la \be at.Me of ov Pollq. 0 '''" hoa \be OU\M\1 ... -· la tae• ._ Male r.. ou n••• .. ••l•• \ba\ latorO.Ua• •llo"1t H ••• WU...nr \be rM•11' of \be iat•-\loa woalt tdtat•el.1 at'naoe· th• ptoJ••t u a war ... an. fte 1-fl•uta­\loa ot ~bla 1A it• 4e\a11 ba• la taet llM••• • ..,. .. la r•••t aonh•, llu\ I .. Cla4 w H7 \ba\ I aow t•el "6\ OD the bu1a ot J OUI" • ...,.... w ban arri ... a\ • poe1\1oa nere all .poeallll• alhll4on\u41 .. • _,.lie ~11 olearo4 •WT, an4 tull1 etteotiT• oollallontloa nawr... I• ortor \at •• •1 be •ur• that th•• 1• llOW ao 111•un4erotan41ag I will oomeat oil • t• -poillt•.

'.l'horo l• ODt T•1'7 --11 point in JOUI' tir•t olaUH ot th• draft. You a\at• tba\ a ••IT ••h gna\or apeue Ylll tall •pon tho u.ito4 S\at••· I aaggoet that \bS.. alpt mow bo put ill tb• paet ton••· Tbo taot 1•1 ot oov••• •• JOU know, that the Ulllte4 Stat•• ha• alr•47 oo..S.t\et lt•elt to tho ozpon41 tur• ot hwutnct• ot a1ll1ona ot 4ollar• t. and hae eapl.0104 tho eenio•• ot thouaan4• ot Himtlno and teobn1oal. ..a ca th• proJoot. It a1cllt 1 thereto re, be well in th• t 1nal 4raft t o sign.if)' thi• taot bJ a lldnor ohange at thi• point. A• 1ou atato, tho aooeptanoe ot thla 4nft ot r.ino1ple• wil l soon need t o be f ollowed br atepa tor apl.-.nt1ng t h• arl'aJl8 ... nta in detail. I baT• now re­••1T•4 your letter ot Augu•t ~ along th••• lines, but h••• not plaoe4 it botor• our polio1 gl'Oup. Ao a aatter ot prooocture t he tiret atep atter the t oriatioa ot tho Pol101 Colaittoo woul4 oer\ainlJ ••• to bo the preau­taUOD t o that OOllllltteo b7 Aaorioan an4 Br1t1•h aoi•n­tiate tbe OT•r-al.l pioture ot tb• ourresat aituat1o• in . \heir reapoot1Y• oountr1ea and the pl ana tor t.be tu\aro. Oa \la• Mal• "t the oTit•DO• \hu proaesa\o4 tho Poller OD•' \too woul.ct aarM •• to t h• Mtho4 ot proT141q apeolti• 1Aterohanc• to oarry out tho proTi•1ona of tho aar•mant.

one ••1'7 illponaat early nep will be tb• Ml•o­\lon ot tho Ooa'biiae4 Poller oa t\t•• to wllloh •• wlll PN• ... '° &1•• \boQCllt 1-Uatel.J'. n. ••' 1.,onaat

n•dt of \ho ona\loa et \Ille 0-S.t\M wlll, I thlU1 lto \ba\ l t wlll pl'O'rilo tor a t.hoNup 1lalU8\U41 .. or \lLo a•oftl 1\a\u all4 P•P'••• ot \ho otton a\ \ho '°' 199el in ibo \Wo GoTODllat•. I\ 1• OU' a.tontallt• lq tllat whllo tho u.U.re of tbo PG11o1' Oomdt\oo wlll !&Do aooo•• to all goaonl 1ntormt1on abo\R all pa.M• ot tho otton, tho laterobanc• ot intormatlca abom tbo 4etall ot mnutaotaro or ooutruotlon ot flaa'• or of UT tiaal woapon •111 tie &Ot'ol'lloct ~ tbe proT •lou of (I), an4 ~t your •ua .. to4 Jll'OTi•lon (lt) •re11' 1• lnalM ~ prort4• tut .. .,.,.. ot the Oo..S.tt•• •1' lateroMA&• wi\h their ~•41ato •oioatitio a4Tl•or• th• 1ntormtloa tbe1' my Ila Te, 1n Ti•• ot tbl taot that in ao• MM• -­l>ero ot tho Oomaittoo 9ll7 not th .. aolT•• 1to ooiontl•t•. It i•, ot oouroo, oloar that t hi•, Oomalttoe lo ocaooraol with geaoftl polioy, oopooi all1 •• to the atont anct Jll'O• oo4uro OA tbo interohaa&•; and that 1 to eld•teaoo will AOt interfere with the oontrol ot the Amor loan prograa 'by tho Corp• ot 1'Jl&in•er• ot the United Statoe A.ray. ~ truot t hat •• .. ,. t1a4 it poooi bl• to ••l oot a Tor7 otromc group 1n4oo4 tor thi • PW'pO••·

I truat that you wil l pre•ent thi o .. ttor to tbo PriM M1Di•tv 'Whu you ••t, aa4 it 7ou wi l l let • Dow tA&t you intea4 to 4o eo, I will 01a~noouol7 tn•lli \ 011r oxoh&Da• ot letter• to th• J>l'•aictent, oo \bat tb•J •1 llotb tie t \lll.7 into~4 ot t b.• • uooeoatQl outooae ot ov 41onu1on• •llon tbeT ... t. I hope TflrJ aob •• •111 t1a4 tllat th•1' are aleo in agreoJMnt on tbe prooo4uro at elob •• haT• DOW arr1 T04.

0 p

y

I

B.:UTISH mBASSY \IASHnlGTO:I, I>. C.

4th August, 194). I

Llf dear Dr . Bush,

Many thanks for your letter of t he )rd AUBUSt and the doownente which you kindly sent me with it.

As you know, the Prime ~'.iniater prepared some drart Heads of Agreement aft er our meeting in London and eent a oopy ot: them t o r.'.r . Stimson. I have been working on this doownent in the 118ht or our talk and I now send you an expanded version of it 'lbich I have anti tled:- "Dre.ti; articles or Agreement gover ning oollabore.tion between the authorities of the U. S. A. and the U. K. in the matter or Tube Alloys " .

l.:Y idea is that we should try to reach agreement on a draft along t hsse lines end $1.lbmi t it e.s soon as possible to the President end tho Prime r.:inister for their consideration.

0

You will see the.t in the draft articles I he.vs dealt with the broad pri nciples on which interchange of information should be conducted. I contemplate, how­ever, that t here should be a second memorandum setting out with greater precision e.nd detail tho arrangements whioh should govern the direct i nterchanae of informa­tion between the groups in our two oountries working on each section of the pro ject . If the wording of the doou­mont dated the 15th of Deoerober 191.2 , and enclosed in your lettor , were altered to make it clear that it ap­plied t o 1nterchanee on this level onl y, I agree with you that it might well sat've as a basis l'o.r this second mwaorandum. The detuils would, of course, need ~.edifi­cation in t!le light of' the progrruru:e o!: 1·1ork a o:reed by t he combined Policy Committee ; but r ima&ine that you always in t ended thnt these urre.noement s should be re­viewed and amended in the light of e.J.tere.tions made from til:le to ti:ne in our respeotive prcaramceo.

0 p

y

Dr. Vannover Bush, Direct or, Office of Soientifio aesearcb and !)Ovelopmont.

..

-2-

The draft articles hsve been prepared in a form suitable for sn tl8reement between the U. S .A. and the O. K. only. Ile shall, I think, have to d iscuss together end wi th t he Canadians the questi on or Canadian parti ­cipation which would, or course , neoessitete appropriate chs.ngos in the form a nd wo r ding. But we need not let that delay us in our iltlllediate task of s ettling the kind ot clause s which should be contained in the agreement , whe ther the Canadi ans oane in or not .

Finally, may I thank you very much !'or seeding me the statement on t he possible use ot radio-active material in warf are . This is a matter to which we al so have giv en some a ttention . I shall look forward to rece1v1118 the mor e detailed r eport to which you refer, and I will , on my r eturn, et ones h ave the resul ts or our studies checked ageinet yours .

Yours very since.r ely ,

(signed) JOH!< AlllE:{SON

Dr. Vnnnevar Bush , Cttice ot Sci entific desearoh and Development ,

15)0 P Street, I .·.1., "lashing t on, D. C.

r.

.. ..

DRA!T articles of Agreement gover nins collaboration between the authoritiee of the U.S . A. and the U. K. in the matter of Tube All.oye .

1. Whereas it is vite.l to our coa:mon safety in the present i;ar to bring the Tube Alloys projeot t o fruition at the earliest moment; and wile reas this m y be more speedily aohieved if all available British and Ameri can brains and resources are pooled; and wher eas owing to war oondit ions it '1ould be an improvident use of war re­sources to duplioate pl1U1ts on a larse see.le on both sides of the htlo.ntic and ther efore a far greater ex­pense will fall upon the United States;

It 1s agreed between us

First, t hat we will never use this agency against each ot her.

Secondly, that we will not use it a r ainst third parties without each other ' s consent. Thirdly , t hat we will not either of us co:.J:1un1cate any intorimtion about Tube Alloys to third part ies except by mutual co nsent.

Fourthly , that in view of t he heavy burden of pro­duction falling upon the United States as the result of a wise di vision of war effort , t he British :;over IIJll8nt r ecog­nize that any post-war advantages of an industrial or com­mercial character Shall be dealt with as between the United States and Great Brit ain on terms t o be epeoified by the President of the United States to the Pr ime :~nister of Gr eat Britain . The Prime L:inister expressly disclaims any interest in these industrial and cormneroial aspects beyond what may be considered by the President of the United Stat es to be fair and Just and in he.nnony with the economic wel­fare of t he \'IOrld .

And Fifthly, that the foll owing brrangements shall be made to ensure tull and effective collaboration bet\/een the two countries in br inging the project to fruition : (a ) There shall be set up in \:ashington a C=bined Pol icy Co1'Dittee composed or :-

The functions or this Committee, subject to the control or tha r espective Governments , will be :-

(1} To agree from time to time upon the programme or work to be carried out in the two countries . (2) To keep all sections or the project under con­stant review.

(3) To allocate mat erials , apparatus and plant, in limited supply, in accordance 11ith the requirements or the proc ramne agreed by the Col:!llllittee.

(4) To settle any questions which may arise on the interpretation or application or this Agreement . (b) There shall be complete interchange or informa­tion and ideas on all sections or the project between members of the Policy Col!mittee and

their immediat e technical advieers .

( c) In th.e field or scientit'ic Nsearch and devel op­ment there shall be tull and effective inter­change or information and ideas between those i n the two countr ies engaged in the same sec­tions or tho field.

(d) In the field or desi&n , construction e.z:d opera­tion or large-scale plants, interchange or in­tonnation and ideas shall be r~e.uleted by such ad hoc arrangements a3 may , in each section or the field, as appear to be necessary or desi r­able if t ho project is to be brought to fruition at the earliest moment. such ad hoc arrange­ments shall be subject to t he approval or the Policy Committee .

THI WHITIE H O U81

WASHI NGTON

July JS , 194> ·

Col . 5exton, in tiener~l •ttr~i~li's office , ci.ll<d w say that Dr . C.inun~ is not in town tooi..y bUt is expocteu Le twoen

t hen be rcttchco at Dr . uusb 1 a oi'J'ice Dupon ~ o;,\)0 .

d jb

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION 01' WASHINGTON lt t.i'lorOJ WASHIHOTON.D. c . "'9J'1.klin n. J..oe•••

Dt CLP C~lfl f.D "L1ft ,~ ..... t-•, 1-lltf.. p ~- 1 s. ·?•

Ju1::r 28, 11143

Dear )tr, PrHident1

wledge receipt or ::rour l etter of Ju1)' 20th to Dr. Buah concerning ex· change of informati on with the Britiah GoverD1Dent regarcllng tube allo::ra . I have informed Dr. Buah, who ia now in England, ooncernitla the aubatance of )'Our letter .

Tomorrow I aball t.lao bring your letter to the t.ttent1on or Dr. Jt.mea B. Conant upon h1a return to Waab.1ngton . He ia now 1.n Chict.go on bua1neaa related to thia project, on which he aota t.s Dr. Buab'• deput.,..

The President The White House Washi.ngton

Sincerel::r ::roura ,

Carroll L. Wi aon Executive As11atant

to Dr. Buab

' . ,._,wOf><,o/

. . v .. !\.JsH

\

Mr . Mcintyre:

August i. , l 94J .

I transmit a letter tor ~be President which I have re­ceived trom Dr . 0ppenheimer, but which I think it is quite appro­priate to transmit without my review. Jt is in reply to the Presi~ent•s recent letter to Dr. Oppenheimer.

v. Bush .

..

, ..

LOS ALAMOS •ANTA P'S . NCW MCX ICO

P. O. aox ••••

Jul7 9 , 194S

Dear Mr. President:

Thank you tor your generous letter or June 29th You would be glad to know how greatly your good words of reassurance were appreciated by us. There will be ma.ny times in the months ahead when we shall remember them.

It is perhaps appropriate that I should in turn transmit to you the assurance that we as a gr oup and aa i ndividuei Americana are profoundly aware or our respon­sibility, for the security or our project as well as tor its rapid and erreotive completion . It is a great source or encouragement to us that we have in this your support and understanding .

The President The White House Washington, O. C.

Very sincerely yours,

, R. ~I· ,'. J. R. Oppenheimer

franklin D. 11.--..n 'ftlolit orr I ' ~M~IED

~~ , 2),.,~J· t1 'RJN /. .1..•IJ. - 70

, __

'.

THE WHITE HOUSE

WASHINGTON

.11117 1, 194'·

llBllO~OOll roa DR, Ca.UT

Dr. aw. Ulted Ula\ Cbe

eDOlO•M 18\Ml'I be 89D\ \o 70\l

(lllola•ve•)

•

onoe o. !lall7 PRrf.lTB PCRft.lllr

Juno .2'>, l 9LJ

•

l(y dear Dr. Oppenha1-r:

I h&Ye rec1111tl y rerla.ed with Dr. a.ah t!Mi bi~ iaportMt 11nd necret progrca of research, do•elop!IOot and uouracture with wblch you are f • U1ar. I was •ery glad to be11r of the excel l ent •ork •bi ch h bol ng doae to a ouaber of placoo in this country under the iuedh te super~ • tsion of Oeneral L • a. Oro•ee and tbe ge neral dir ect.ion or t!Mi Couit.tee of whi ch Dr. Buoh is Cbainian. '!'he suc­ce sot\:l aolutioo of the probl .. 111 of the ut.ost 111portance to the oati oo&l O&fety, and T .. confident that the work will be cocapletod in a s short a tiae o ~ posstble aff the r uult of t he w!lolebearted cooperuttoo of oll concemod.

I aa sr1t1ng to you aa the leader of one gr oup • hi.ch ls to pliq a vital role 1n the •011tbs a!lee.d. I lcnow th&t 1ou and your colleague I! nre worlt lne on a !iau.rdru41 u tter under unuin1al circU11staoces . The f act that the c"t.­ccm11 of your labor~ io of such greet sit:tilftcance to the natton requiroa that thh p:-or,rNJ be evlll acre droetically guiu-.ted than other M;rhly 3ecrc t war dev11lopaent " · t have therefore givoo directions that every precaut•on be talcen t.o 1nitnre t he sec11rity of your project nncl r eel sure that th-:"e in cilllrge will see thnt the~e orders are carried ou t . You are fully &1'a,re or t he reanon~ "h)· your own ondeavor" e.nd t hose of ~'our as9ociateto 1:111 n t . he c< rc1m11crtberl b)• Y OZ')' s~ctal. restrictions . Nevertheless, t •lsh you would 9xpre~e to t.llc scien tbtio e1sei:ibled w1 th y ou '2;f derp appr ecte tton of' their willingneM to undertake t.he taus whicc lls bft~ore t11e.oa tn l!:>ho of the ca1.g,.ra Mrl the oert'onal ~o.cr• r•c .. e. I 1111 !!Ure we can rf!ly oa t li.>lr cont1 rmorl "holooeart&tl and UMalfish labor e . "hatover thfl an""" may ho T'l .!l nnl nc, A&ertcan sclence will be equal to tho!- ch&tlcngo . W<t h thte tQOllgbt tr. c ine< , I sand this not• of conrld•nc~ And Appr~cle­tloc.

- 2 -

Thou1b there are other 1.aportant .:r oupa at worlt , I u writt na oaly to ,.ou 111 the leader of the one which ts operi.t inC uDde r ••ry spocial condl t ion1, 11.nu to Coneral OrCJYes . lfhile th11 let t or i s itecr11t, thtt co11tent11 or 1. t ~ be tl1 ·1clo:1etl to !'OUr a 111ociote11 uooer a r;Uetlgo or eecrecy,

Dr. J. R• Oppenh61.aer, Po"t orr1ce Box 1663, 8ent11 P'e, Mow Mexico .

Ve1y :d ncerely )' UUra,

•

t I dtt: 'JJ J'ltne '9• 191,)

tty de~r ~:snoral Orovoa :

T bavo r ecently rovt ooed • Lt!l Dr. llusb th. hl.gnl:y 1'1llO'"t.:.•t and oecr.ot prog • ..., of rosearch, developooeot ftO:: 04m1 f ucturo dtb •hlc~ you ar t f~.aUlar . T • •• very glad to hecr n• tho ucollcnt wor1< "'hlch ls boing dono In a nuz:ibor or placeo 1n thin country under y:iur l.w:odiatu ou;>orvl alon an'i th~ g1tt1eral d1nct\on of tha C021:J1ttoe o• •!!1ch Dr. ll\lajJ 1o Cbal.rll11n. The succu1!\1l oolut1on o~ tnu probleo ta of u., ut:io"t 111portA<oc• to thll no.tlant1l nofoty, f.t\Cl T .., conrtdeot thut t !l•) worl- 1!1ll oo co::>oletoa In M Mort a tl..M •• pos~1bl~ •• t lte ro'N:t o~ t'le •!!ol<i~W rt.od c~op~rMtlon of 1111 concorned .

I oa writing to you as tne one 1rt'lO at.s chor&• or n-1 tho d evelo,-nt and unu.faoturlng U;>>c to of t h1s •ork • I Imo• that t ho rft are eevor • l ~rOl•P• or actontl•t1 flOrklna •indor your d~rr-ct'lon on vut"l <M..t' nhft:tft1 of" th!> ~ogroa. ~ ract thct tne out.co ... of tb&!r leooro I• of :.1cb &rNt • l1PJ!fic11nco to the nation re'll!1res thut this project be uen =ore dr~ottcal}J· IJUU'dod tl1'1o oth~r b.il:bly necret ••r de•vlo;aente . As you kno"• t have th•nt ' ore gt.Yeo at rocttons t1 ... I eTor:y prec1tut !on be t-1kt11 to 1o:!Uro tho 8ecuri ty of yo11r project . T an IJJrft the odoot1etn ure 1'1!ly aware of the r•o!IOn• why t.!letr er>deavor• nu•t be ctreuHcrlbed b;; YOT) special r o: trictiar• . Ne•ertbelu•, I w1•b ;•ou •OUld e•pre•o to thea rl:T deep •rprec1ot1on or their • 'll!ncn••• to underto~e tho talllt• which 110 befor• tfif-'1 tn spits of the po'8lble dttlger a and t ho l)'\rl!Onal ••er• rlcu inYOlvoa . TD part.l ct•lr.r , I ~boul.li ho r l11<l to hnYO Y"~ C0'1'ltln'c•t• the content& or l h\n letter to tho leaner• or each t11portont t ro11p . ! ... '!llro r:e CM rely on the cont,\nuon wholoh•"lrted Md lln•elfhh lllbor• or those """ enfl•ced. l'het.e••r the t'D0"7 ,.,....., ht' -.1.ann\r~. , A'l~rlcon Sclenco will be equal to tho challon(le . Wit h th1• thoni;ht lr. ~ind , I sond tb\n notP of con!idenco e nd a pprecitttcii .

Very sincorely yours,

Brtcadier O""oral L. R. OrOYeo, !\ooa 5120, 11 ... lar Depcrtllct But.ld1111, 2lat. and Urg1n1e A•enue, II. J ., laob\nston, o. c.

., , , ,,_, cloc Ofec o/

• v. BUSH June 28, 194.) .

Mr . Forster:

~/hen I lunched w1 th the President last Thursday I sugaeated two letters ror his signature to help improve the morale or the soientists on an 1.mportant matter, and he seemed to think this was desirable. I take the liberty or enclosing drafts, one to Oppenheimer who is in charge or one 1.mportant group, and the other to General Groves which he can in turn take up with several groups. I group it in this way to avoid t he necessity or numer ous letters , and I t hi nk these two wi l l take oare of it.

I wil l appreciate it if you will have these typed and ley them before the Presidant. Ir this ia done after I leave, which will be on 11ednesday, they can be delivered to Dr. CoDLnt at 1530 P Street, who will ta.lee care or the~

v. Bush .

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DRAFT OF LETTER

Dr. J. R, Oppenheimer P. 0 . Box 166) Santa Fe, New t:exico

MY dear Dr . Oppenheimer:

I have recent l y reviewed with Dr. Bush the highly important and aeore t program or research, development and manufacture with which you are familiar. I was very glad to hear of the excellent work which is being done in a num­ber of places in this country under the immediate super­vision of General L . R. Groves and the general direction or the Comm1ttee or which Dr. Bush is Chairman. The success­tul solution or the problem is of the utmost importance to the nstlonel safety, and I am confident that the work will be completed in as short a time sa possible as the result or the wholehearted cooperation of all concerned.

I am writing to you as the leader or one group llbich is to play a vital role in tho months ahead . I know that you and your colieegues are v.orkins on a hazardous mat ter under unusual circumstances. The tact that the outcome or your labors is of such great significance to the nation re­quires that this program be even more drastically guarded than other highly secret war develop!llents . I have therefore given directions that every precaution be taken to insure the security ot your project and feel sure that thoee in charce will see that these orders are carried out. You are fully aworo or the reasons wl\y your ovm endeavors and those of your associates must bo circWllllcribed by vory special restrictions . llevertheless, I wish you would express to the scientists assembled with you my deep approciation of their willingness to undertake tho taeks which 110 before th9JD in spite of the dangers and the personal sacrifices. I am sure we can rely on their continued wholehearted and unselfish labors. Whatever tho enel!IY may be pl anning , Amerioen science will be equal to the challenge. \Hth this thought in =ind, I send this note or oontidenoe and oppre­oietion.

ThoUGh there are other important groups at work, I am writing only to you es the leader or the one which is operati ng under very speoial conditions, end to General Grovel!. \lh1le this letter h secret, tho contents or it may be dieoloeed to your associates under a pledge or secrecy ,

Very sincerely yours ,

.. • •

DRAFT OF LETTER

Brigadier General L. R. Groves , Room 5120, New War Departcent Building, 21st and Virgini a Avenue , N.l'I . 'llashington , D. C.

My dear General oroves:

I have reoently reviewed with Dr. Bush the highly important and seoret program or research , development and mo.nuracture With whi ch you are ramiliar . I was very glad to bear or the excellent work whioh is being done in a number of places in this country under your immediate supervision and the general direction of the Committee of which Dr . Bush is Chairman . Tbe successful solution of the probl em i s or the utmost importance to the national safety , and I wn confident that the wor k will bo completed in fls short a time as possible as the result or the whole­hearted cooperation or all oonoerned.

I om writing to you as the one l'llo has charge or all the development and manufacturing aspects or this work . I know that there are several groups of scientists working un­ddr your dir ection on various phases or the proeram. The fact that t he outcome of their labors is of such greet s ig­nificance to the ne tion requires that this proJeot be even more drastically guarded than other highly secret war de­velopments. As you know, I have therefore given directions that every precaution be taken to insure the security or your project . J am su;e the scientists are fully aware or tho reasons wby their endeavors must be circumscribed by very special restrictions. l\evertheless , I wish you would express to them my deep appreciation of their willingness to undertake the tasks which lie before them in spite of the possible dangers and tho personal sacrifi ces involved . Jn pertioular, I should be glad to have you cant1un1cate the oontents or this letter to the leaders of each important group. I om sure we can rely on tho continued wholehearted and unselfish labors or those now engaged . Whatever the enemy may be planning, J<merican Science will be equal to the challenge. With this thought in mind, I send this note of confidence and appreciation .

Very sincerely yours,

·WI

llEllORAlllXlll tor The Preaident1

..::::.~,L.,,.°LFd.L, A~t 2.3 , 19~~

Tubealloy - Interchange with the Britieb.

We await your instruction• regarding i nterchange with the British on this eubject as a reeult of correepondence with Sir John Anderson recently placsd in your bande through llr . Hopkins. A report on the preeent 1tatu1 of the whole projeot bas just been forwarded to General ll&rehall.

The next steps, 1r you approve the correspondence regard­ing interchange, are to convene a coabined c"""1ttee, which will 1AQ' down rule• tor 11curity and arrange e<>nferencee between ecient1tic groups as needed to expedite the prcgrati tully.

I euggeat, before you leave the Prime Minister, one 1tep to accelerate 111/l.ttere . It would help it a top Br itish aoionti1t, accepted a.nd of sound judgment, could be sent here as chief liaison under Sir John Anderson, to help make arrangements for tho com:nl.tteo ' s wor k. !{e should be of the caliber of Sir Hanry Dele or Sir Henry Tiz.ard, and not one of the group working experimentally 011 a 1ingle phase of t he probl em.

I baeten to make this eugg .. tion for· the follodng reaeon. In prev10UJ1 negotiations difficulty wa1 encountered because t~e British representative waa an 1ndustrial11t, Jlr . Akers of International Chll:dcal Industriu. Thia ...,,. man is now here, appuently to make el.milar arrangeQenta. Ho rscently, and wi thout consulting uo, brought four ominont Britieh ocienti fic workera here for 1ntorchange. Ae we cannot use them until the combined committee has laid down the rulee, they are likely to think uo rel uctant to i .nterohange , wher eaa the ex.a.ct opposite i• true and •• are arod.oun to cet appropriate interebanae going in an orderly feeb.ion, so that relations will not this time becoe tan&led. Akers is a very able man, but not the one to handle this matter.

lie will proceed pro'lptl.y with the whole affair on Hceirlng 70ur inetructiona.

V. Bub.

-TH!: W HIT !: HOUS!:

WASH IN OTON

PRIME UINISTER.

Tube Al loys .

I!

I, .

/sr­~

)~/LP f n4

l. May I send the President the attached set of

tele~ams in amplification of what you told hilll about the

visit by Sir F.dward Appleton?

2. In the Articles of Agreement signed at Quebec it

was stat ed that the United States members of the Combined

Policy Committee should be the Secretary of War, Dr. Bush

and Dr. Conant. !Ar. Stimson spoke to you about this after

luncheon yesterday, but I did not hear clearly what he said.

Do you wish to make any record of his remarks or inform the

Lord President?

,

• • / a PARAPHRASE OF TELmRAM TO PRDlE MINISTER FROll U>RD PllrarmfT. August 28, 1943.

Tube Alloys. Reference your WELFARE 45().

I am distressed at this report oli Akers, who has rendered most excellent service as our Chief Executive on Tube Alloys and about whose integrity and ability I have not the slightest doubt. During negotiations in Washington there was a suggestion that the United States authorities would not regard Akers as a suitable person to represent us on the Combined Policy Committee, an attitude which could be understood having regard to the fact that his work lies in the field of technical rather than political direction. No objection was however then raised to our using him for the sort of purpose for which he is now in the United States -namely, to co-ordinate the views and activities of the representa­tives of our individual scientific groups and to act as Chief Technical Assistant and Adviser to our representatives on the Pol icy Committee.

I shbuld add that the four eminent British Scientific workers were sent over on my instructions. This step wee clearly necessary if time was not to be unnecessarily wasted and was in accordance with the following passage taken from the 5th paragraph of Dr. Bush's letter of the 6th August to me:-

"As a matter of procedure the first step, after the formation of the Policy Committee, would certainly seem to be the presentation to that Committee by American and British Scientists of the overall picture of the current situation in their respective countries and the plans for the future .. the basis of the evidence thus presented the Policy Committee would-agree as to the method of providing specific interchange to carry out the provi~ions of the agreement."

Evidently however Akers's inclusion among our representa­tives on Tube Allo1s in Washington has caused trouble in the past and is likely to continue to do so, and this is a fact which, in the interests of the prosecution of that project as a joint enter­prise, we cannot afford to ignore. I accordingly suggest for your consideration that you should propose to the President that Sir Edward Appleton should at once go out to Washington on a short visit. The purpose of his visit would be first to help to arrange

f I~ ~ . ·~

. , /

-2-

for launching of the Combined Co111111ittee, and secondly to sul:mit to me recommendations rega!'ding any adjustments which he may consider that the establishment of the Combined Committee makes necessary in our present arrangement s for the technical direction of our work on the project.

In the latt er connection an important factor to which we have every right to give full consideration is the general cohesion and contentment of our workers on the project. I doubt whether the recommendations which Appleton will have to make will affect anything more than our representation on the technical l~ in Washington, but even in that respect he will have to bear in mind the position of our team in Canada who have hitherto been accustomed to look to Akers for technical direction. I do not think that either Dale or Tiztard would be suitable for this Mission, indeed I am coovinceO. that Appleton is the only man for i t . Besides having the scientific eminence apparently required, he is also the permanent Head of the De~artment of Scientific and Industrial Research, of which the Directorate of Tube Alloys is a part. He thus has some general responsibility in the matter and also intimate knowledge of all the personalities involved on our side . I have ever-1 reason to believe that he will be acceptable to the American Scientist~with whom he has always been on the best of terms. I should be grateful if you could telegraph as soon as possible whether Appleton should go .

Vie cannot possibly hope to be able to coocEli from Akers t he fact that objection has been taken t o him from t he American side, though we need not, of course, make any specific mention of Bush.

I ~lln II. 1-9"1' L~

· IJ£Cl~~tf1ED ~iC ~ !),n .. 1-11 rtJRL

:a ~r ~-"70

M08'f eBeflBlil FOR PRIME MINISTER FROM LORD PRESIDE?iT. September 2, 1943.

There is an excellent opportunity of sending Appleton by fast boat due to reach New York towards the end of next week, but this will involve his leaving London tomorrow night September 3rd.

After careful consideration I have come to the conclu­sion that, even if immediate difficulties about Akers's personal position should be cleared up otherwise, it would still be very valuable for Appleton to pay a visit to Washington at this stage. Combining as he does a general knowledge of the whole field of Anglo-American co-operation on scientific matters with a particular responsibility, as head of the D.S.I. R.N. for the scientific side of tube alloys, he is better qualified than anyone to get on to such terms with the American scientists in tube al loys as to ensure that there shall be no further difficulties or misunderstandings . I have accordingly decided to take advantage of this special opportunity and have asked Applet on to leave tomorrow.

I I

~/ / •

f l'Panlrl In D. ltoo•..,•1' Li 'in17

DECl~ "'='' flED (ff.C t:J)1•C<.1".• 'FQltL

,.~·JO

MOS'i' e:seBl3ff. FOR LORD PRESIDENT FROM PRIME MINISTER. September 2, 1943.

I am glad Appleton is coming.

/.

EXTRACT FROM 'WHO'S WHO '

APPLETON, Sir Edward Victor, K.C. B. er. 1941; M.A., D.Sc. , Han. L.L.D. (Aberdeen) , F.R. S. 1927 ; SecretalJ' Department of Scient~fic and Industrial Research s ince 1939 ; b b Sep. 1892; s. of Pet er Appl eton, Bradford, Yorks; m. Jessie, d. of late Rev. J . Longson; two d. Educ. Hanson School, Bradford; St. John' s Col lege, Cambridge (Schol ar and Exhibitioner); Natural Science Tripos, Parts 1 and II (Physics), 1913 and 1914; Wiltshire Prizeman 1913; Hutchinson Research Student, 1914. Served European Viar 1914-18, V/est Riding Regt. and Capt. R. E.; Assist ant Demons trator in Experililental Physics , Cavendish Laboratory, 1920; sub-lcctor, Trini ty College, 1922; l'.'heat stone Professor of Physics, . University of London, 1924-36 ; Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy, Cambridge University, 1936-39 ; former ly Fellow of St. John ' s College Cambridge ; Chai:tman of British National Committ ee for Radio-t elegraphy ; Morris Liebmann Memorial Pri zeman (1929) and Vice-President (1932) American Inst. Radio Eng.; Hughes Medallist of Royal Society, 1933; President International Scientific Radio Union. Publ ications : various original papers on electricity and the scientific problems of wirel ess- telegraphy. Address : 4, Exeter Bouse, S.Vl.15. Club: Athenaeum.

,

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Yor the President

. . THE WHITE HOUSE

WASHINGTON

MU!Ofu,NuUU FOR ~l~')J • MRS . ROOSEVELT :

..

FOR YOOR INFORAIATION ANu PLEJ\SE llt'!'URN FOR lJY ElLfil> .

'f .r .. R.

I

.. . .

The President, Tbe \'/hi te Houa e,

VleshiQ8ton , D. C.

Dear !Lr . President :

I return the letter t r om Irvin .. S . 1.owen , encl osed with your note ot i ·arch second. Tn!S is the young man who is much stirred up about t he special project.

Dr. Cona nt tells me tha t you mentioned t his matter in passing last Friday, and that he told you that Mr . Baruch had been brought into the subject . All three men noted in the memorendw:i v.bich I return have now been seen.

Conant had a l ong talk in Chicago with Fermi and V/igner, and tells me t hey are quite satisfied with t he ar­rangements now in effect and do not share Lowen• s views, I spent about all day vii tb Szilard yester day . His er! ti­cisms boil down to the reeling that his group have not bean fully used. There bas, ot course, been a reluctance to introduce scientists of foreign origin to t oo ful l knowledge or a mat ter of potentially g reat military i mportance . Tbere is also a matter of early pete~t applications which has its dittioulties ,

J!.Y conclusion is thbt there have been no more mis­steps or delays than ought to be antioipated on a matter of this novel ty and complexity, a nd that the organization is sound end in oapabl e bands .

I suggest that Lowen be advised .to see L:r . Baruch again . Baruch will turn to Conant it he needs further i nformation.

;tespectfully yours,

V. Bush , Direotor .

,.

, ,

THE WHITE HOUSE

WAS HI N GTON

Pebruary 25, 1944.

llOORANDUll FOR THE l'RF.slDENT:

I auggeet that you might aomo­

tl..ce aak Mr. Conant to aee Proteasor

E • . lisner, Dr . L. Szilord, and Pro­

teaaor E. Fel"'11 , ldlo are with the

Met.allurgical Labor atories, Univer­

sity o! Chicago, to t all about t heir

work wldcb baa such i.=portant J..mplica­

tiona !or tho future .

,

',

' •

..

T HE PRESIDENT

T HE 'WHIT £ HOUSE:

WASH I NGTON, 0. C.

' c Q p y

Zo•t 25

MY DEAR MR . PRESIOENTl

Dtctw•t• 30, 1943'

I AM RETURNING HEREWITH THE LET TER$ SENT YOU BY MR. I RV INC S i LO•EN , SHORTLY BEFORE YOU WENT AWAY. You MAY RECALL THAT YOU ASK ED ME T O SEE THIS MAN ONCE .ACAIN ON YOUR

8£HAL,. . TH IS 1 Oto ... F'[W W'[[l(S ACO. I D I SCOVERED, wo·• -EYER,

THAT HE HAO ALREADY BEEN IN WASH I NGTON AND MAD SEE N NUME ROUS

PEOPLE, I NCLUDING MR', 8 .. M, BARUCH, I UNDERST AND ,.ROM MY

CONVERSATI ON SUBSE~UENTLY WITH MR, 8 ARUCH THAT HE IS TAK I NC · CARE or MR. Lo~EN .

I SHOULD L IK E TO TAKE TH I S OPPORTUNITY TO TELL YOU THAT I N MY OP I NI ON, BASED ON I NTIUATE KNOWLEDC:E OF THI S WHOLE PROJECT 1 EVERYTH I NC: IS COi NC AS WELL A S I 5 HUMAfiLY POSS ! 8L£ •

I 8Et. IEYE WE ARE VERY F'ORTU~ATE IN HAVIHC I H GENERAL GROVES ,

THE 0 1R£0TOR OP THE ENTERPR I SE, A MAN OP UNUSUAi.. CAPAB I L I TY AND

FORC£. CRIT ICl$1.'S 1..1 1<'£ MR . L O't£H 1S ARE 8ASEO OH A N INCOM P1..£ T£

VIEW or TH E TOTAL P I CTURE ON THE ONE MANO ANO ON THE OTHE R

REP~SEMT THE I NEV ITAQL E ErAOTIONAL REACTIONS Df HUUAH BEINCS

INVOLVED ·~ AH ENTERPRISE or TH I S SORT.

VERY S I NCERELY YOURS

JAMES B. CONANT

ENC~OSURE.8

T H E WHIT E H OUSE

WA S HINGTO N

ilaroh l O, l 'l .. 4 •

..uu,. liOOSLVU.1' :

FOR xoun I t<FOlii.!11~'ION J..llD

Pl.l::A:.£ IU:i'UltN FOH ll!X FI LE:.. .

F. D • .H .

Letter !'roo 1Jr. v . Buoh , IJtrector , Of!'lce of :lc\ent.Htc f<e•e• rch and Levolonm.nt., 11'?/1.1. , lo tho Preiit,dent , rotum~nP, l"it,to:r .:hie h llr• . Poo.,,,vp 1 t reco• ved 'Toa !rvlni; S . Lo·en, : Jone St . , NYC , "1/H/I./. , t.o&etOfJr wtth copy of le t ter w11ich J)r . J WJun n. conunt ad.dre,..~ed to tM ore~lo.ont. unoor date of l?/"IJ/4• , 1n r eference too certeln ••cret ~roJect . l!r . Bu•h 'OJi;&e•t' that .tr . Lo1'on be novl•ed to ••• llr , 'lOl"•C!I n~otn .

,

•

i

•

.. rah 2, 1944-

Deu 'luu

Th1 • J'O\ID& IUD ha• bo tb•red II•

t wice berore end I tll1nll lill Count llaa

•••n Ilia. I tear, too, that be "1ka too

well. Do you think •• • houl.CI Peter the

-tter to Conant!

Dr. Yann•••r ~b Ottioe ot Soientltic Reaearcb and

D .. el.opaeat, l')O P St r eet, K. w., Waabln&ton, D. C.

r.ettor whlch llr1 . i!oo•ov"lt recel•ed froo Trvtng S. Lowen , l J ,.,,e St., llYC, 2/1~/M , tn re nroject, the n....o or which ho doe• not ment\on, bnt • 111ege•t• th•t Prof'e.-or E. Wigner, Dr . 1 •• ~·UAt"(I nncl ProfeMor £. Forni. . all or the •etollurgicel Labor atorlo• of' the IJn l vu~t ty of Chicago, wmld be wl ll lng to COiie to ll'e•bing t.on to discu•• the aatter . Att.lcbed 1• llrs . Roo•evelt1• ae...,randuio o• ~/~~/4l to the Pre1ldent reading •I SUG~••t that you aight aoaett~e osk llr. ~onBnt t.o see ProfeMor 1:. . Wi~nftr, Dr. i. . l!•ilord , •nd Pro!on•or E.'Fem t , .. ho are •lt.h tile ue+ ..ilurglcal Laboretor\01 , nn1v~r•lty of "llicago, to tell about t ee•r work • hfch has •uch U.N>rtant \aJ)).lcations for tr.e ruture" •

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•

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2. 1 THI: WHITll HO USll ~

WASH INGTON

hp~r •• 1H6

Da. Y. llUD

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t .. 4•1tsh•o4 '° ha•• Ull• all4 J: fHl tlla' JOU are AN01•111J on the rt.lb• 'raolt.

t • refel'l'lllS 111• reo-en-4&,lon tor '•n1l11a•lo11 whea poaee 0-H to Vie 8eorl..,.J of War 11114 th• loore'81')' of the •••1 penonallJ 1 aD4 t •lll let J OU ltaov •• IOOll •• t hear.

t . D. B.

THE WHIT IC HOUSE

WASH I NGTO N

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••Una report o t Dr. Buh ln l!'IC-"' io The Ott101 ot 8o1111•1no R111ANll

and D1Y1lOP11•n' en4 ns hr11lne'1011,

and lit Ill heYI T OUJ' JlldpeD,,

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J'. D. R.

Crit!.nrl or r~port pnt' C"OO'/ or :>r, il11Rh 1 r le t t:> tlu• P A/~'l/14 e0nt t? 3cc lin r !l/29/44 - ScPlP<l 1 n envelope Nld 1:1 ·1~ 11 t o l'n j or C.11l.1c to del i ver t ? the Secrpt1•r:1 ' P Jt't1cc pere:>nally .

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OFF/CC FOA £"1£/tal/CY "1Al'AC£"1£/JT

OF'FICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 11io , mar ""'

WA3HINGTOtl ll. 0. C ·-=.- .A.ugu•t 28, 1944.

Th• PM•ident, Tb• White Houae,

Wll•b.1J18ton , D. C •

Dear Mr. Preeident:

I tran811it herewith a turther report on the optration• ot th• Ottioe ot Soientitio ReH&roh and De••loi-ent. It touchH on ecae b.i&hlighte ot ao- · oompliehment , and reoitee oha.nge1 in ol'ganiaation.

There i• a eeotion on plane tor termillation, tor OSRD i• a war agano)', and ehould pla.u to go out ot exiatanoe in an orderly Jallller at the proper t1-. I hope you will ti.nd opportunity to look at thi• ••o­tion, tor I would lill:e to announoe the plane to our per1011nel soon, and I trust you will oaution 111e it you see a.uything wrong w1 th the plane . I ha•• tall:an tbam up With the Seoretarie• ot War and NaT)', and teel eure I Will he.Te their aeeent.

I he.Te inoluded a eeotion on lllilitllr)' organi­zation tor reeearoh, tor m;y e:z:per1enoe ot the pa•t tour years has lett strong oonviot1on• ae to the mnner in whioh it should be oonduoted poet-war. un­doubtedly I will 'be oalled on to •&1 what I think on thi• eubJeot at eo111e tilll8, and I belien that rq thinll:ing on th• aatter 11 not tar troa your own. Still I would appreoiate it anor11Cu1l7 it you should tind time to oon11der ~ etatement1 on this •ubjeot and to adviee me where you think I am on the wrong traoll:. The eeotione or th• report whioh deal with tel'lllillation a.ud poet-war organization 'bear tab• tor read)' reterenoe.

It ie pl•a•ant indeed to look forward to the tiae when 1 t will be poedble to drop ott 1117 preeent burden, although it bu oertainly been a priTllege and a pleaaure to •er•• under your oo~d. You 97 be auured that , while n plan tor termination, w will not leaTe a.uything undone whioh _,. help in bringing the whole war to an earl)' and euooeHtul oonolueion.

Reepeottull~~

v. Bueh, Direotor.

-

•

"'A .S 1:51 n:I { - , ~ ...

j WAR DEPARTMENT

WA.MINOTON

I v October 18, 1944 •

Dear llr. l'?'Hident1

In accordance with your requoot, I have read or.

Bwlb•s long report with the greeteot intereot.

I have eepeci&ll.,r noted hie propoeel for deeling

with the Office of Scientific Research and Develop.,.nt after

the defeat of Germ.111. Furtheniore, the appropriate Arm;r

officers have had extended conference• with or. Bush as to

the workilll! out of tbie program.

It will r equire caref'ul handling to be sure that

the scientific effort in tho Office of Scientific Research

and De-.eloJ)llent rlll continue to be fUll,y effective in help..

ing to bring about the finoJ. d.efeat of Japan, but those who

heve the particular responeibiliey in the Arirq are confident

that or. Bwlh•a pa n can be 10 worked out in practice ae to

accomplioh thia reoult.

Faitbf'UllJ' yours,

~~ S:ret&ry of' ._...

The Preeident,

Franklin D. Roooovolt Ll brn~)

DECLASSIFIED The lh1 te Kouee . DOD DIR. 6200.11 c11;21; 58,

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NC lll9'DI TO JilO.

RT!l1ml•

WASHINGTON IS. 0. C.

10 llAy 1944,

l!ElfORAl!OOV FOR THE PRESIDB!IT1

You wi ll ~member that I told yo11 ~bout "If coo...,ru­

tion with Doctor A.Burd Hastings, upon hio ~tum from

Ru••ia.. In view of what he.a happened in the Ulcr•ino

it aaema to me that the fee.re he expressed a.a to tho Rueeian1

being unable to move ahead in that area were not wall founded.

I .., 1ure that hia viait to Ruoaia waa of definite benefit

and ainoe we are to have IODe of the Russian 1oientiat1 "fi1it

thi1 country during the coming aWJDer, I 81'\ sure that it was

more than worthwhile.

Aa far ae -.nawering this letter la concerned, I see no

particular point in it, unless you wish to be nice and tell

Oootor Buah that you feel t hat there io much to be gained by

such an interchange or viewe and opinton6.

· R. T. MCIN'flRt-

THK WHITE HOUeK

WASHINGTON

April 15, 1944.

WllORANDUll FOR 1

ADMIRAL llo ll<flRE,

Should thi• be an'""'red at allT

P. O. R.

•

00112 ZZ!llZZLL ('j,. ~

""1C:S IOI IJIC"C'P'C'Y llANMalaNT •• I a. ... I.' OF'FICE OF SCIENTIFIC RF.5EARa-I AND DEVELOPMENT

The President Tba Y.'hi te Bouse Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Preeident:

ISll p mtlrl' llY. W.uHINCTOIC. 0. C.

April 12 , 1944

Last November when we were about to send a Med i cal Research Miaaion to Ruesi s, you ver.y kindly wrote a letter to Dr. A. Baird Hastings , giving your otti cial blessing to this enterpriee. This Mission wa s the tirst American soi­entitic group to be sent to Russia to axchange war reseerob information.

' Tbe M1aa1on bas now returned and has submitted a

very complete report on their oonterenoea and visits to laboratories in Russia. We ere very gratified t hat they were cordially received by the many Russian groups whom they met and by the frank and friendly discussions or medi­cal research problems which took place. Our group took with them reports and samples represent i ng many or our most important results in the broad program or reaaaroh in military medicine. The Rusaiane reciprocated in full measure , and I am confidant that ea a result the programs ot both countries will benefit materially.

, Our bast information as to tha impreesion produoed by t his Mission, in both American and Russian circles, is contained in the following cable from Ambassador Harriman:

"Evidently the Soviets agreed to open up before t he errival or Dre. Hastings and Shimkin, and they did so with inoreesing rrankneas during the course or their visit in Moscow, wllicb was moe t successful. There ia no doubt tbet Dr. Hasti~gs• personality and the manner in which be handled himself bed an important bearing with results attained, as well aa, or course, the valuable material he brought with him. I was told by both the Commissar tor Health Miterarr and Vice Commissar Perin with greet empbeeia the importance they placed on t he information obt ained and on main-t aining e continuous interchange of scientific in­rormation. Their great respect tor Dr. Hastings and the helpfulness or Dr. Shimkin, whose knowledge or Russian combined with hie understanding or tbe subjects under diacuasion, obviated the necessity tor the ueual formal and uneetistectory interpretere, was aleo expressed by them.

•

•

GG:OFIBSlllIAI:.

- 2-

"We may tind tbet eltbough there is no doubt tbe Russian scientists sincerely desire . continuation or tbe relationship estebliabed , otber influences in tbe GoverDJ11ent may interfere witb tbeir carr7ing out tbeir intention fully. So tbat I may put preeaure on tbe Foreign Ottice to tultill tbe agreement reached with Dr. Heatings, I bope you will keep me in toucb wi th tbe developments . . "Also in our overall relations witb tbe Soviet, I reel tbet tbe trip bes been or reel velue. In send­ing Dr. Heatings and ror tbe th6rough preparation or t he materiel he brought witb him, I wisb to express to you my appreciation. Mey I express to 7ou end Dr. Conant my best ragerda ."

Following tba return or tbe Mission we extended en invitati on to the Russians to send e return M!esion to this country, Tbe three Surgeon Generals Joined ue in thia invi­tation. Word hes Just been received thet this invitation hes been accepted , end we hope that tbe auspicious atert which bas been made is only the beginning or a close end mutually benetlcial cooperetion between medical research groups in the two countries,

'