Third Generation Wireless
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Transcript of Third Generation Wireless
3G Wireless
The Next Generation - Introduction
3G Wireless
• What is 3G?
• The Vision
• Business Implications and the Markets
• Applications
• Alternative Technologies
• Standards
• Capacities
What is 3G?• First Generation Wireless : Analog• Second Generation Wireless (2G): Digital• Second Generation Wireless + (2G+): More
Data• Third Generation Wireless (3G):
– Universal Global Wireless Voice and Data System
• Worldwide Effort Toward 3G– International Standard Underway: IMT-2000
Comparison 2G vs. 3G Networks• Today’s Networks (“2G Networks”):
– Circuit-switched Data or Limited Bandwidth Packet-switched Data– Separate Networks for Voice and Data
• Third Generation Networks (“3G Networks”)– Improved Capacity on Radio Interface (Increased Number of Users Per Cell)– Improved Vocoder Technology (Lower Bit Rate Voice)– Packetized Voice and Data (More Efficient Use of Transport)– Single, Integrated Network (More Efficient Staffing for Provisioning and
Maintenance)– Standard Interfaces (Takes Advantage of Competitive Hardware Pricing)– Capable of Supporting Higher Rate Data and Integrated Voice and Data Services
(New Revenue Opportunities)– Transport (E.G., Routers, Switches, and Gateways) Are Separated From Service
and Call Control Intelligence (Lower Cost of Transport Elements, Open Interfaces for Service Development Encourage Rich Service Offerings)
Why A New Generation? - Business & Technical
View: A New Generation Network Can Move All the Elements in the Right
Direction
Profitability = Revenue - Expense
Investment
• Retain Top Customers and Increase Revenue With Bundles
• Improve Time to Market• New Services• Increase Capacity
• Operate One Network, Not Two
• Fewer Physical Interfaces
• Improved Flowthrough
• Simpler Handsets
• Cost Advantages of Data-centric Equipment
• Avoid Multiple Overlays• Lower Initial Cost - Pay
As You Go• Common Data Bases
The 3G Vision• Global Seamless Roaming• Common Worldwide Spectrum• Multiple Radio Environments• Wide Range of Services -Voice & Data Equally • Flexible, Spectrum Efficient Technologies • Wireless - Wireline Integration• Enhanced Security and Performance • Wireline Services and Quality Levels• Rapid Introduction of New Technology
3G Vision - Applications
• Potential 3 G Service Applications Include:– Voice – E-Mail – SMS– Fax – LAN Access– E-Commerce– Internet Access (High-Speed Fixed and Mobile)– Multi-Media Including:
• Interactive Games• 1 and 2 Way Video Phone and Teleconferencing• Collaborative Multi-Media
• Killer Application ???????
3G Note: Many 3d
Party content providers needed. Business
arrangements will be more
complex.
3G Vision - Building Blocks
Advanced Multimedia and Data Services
Personalization
Multi-Rate & High-Speed Services
Landline Equivalent Services and Quality
Flexible, Efficient Channel Management
High Capacity, Low Power
Intelligent Systems
Rapid Introduction of Features
Seamlessness
Services / Features System Building Blocks
3G Vision - Characteristics
• Variety of Multi-Mode Terminal Types• Common Radio Interfaces• Open Architecture • Modular Design
– 3G Stand Alone or Integrated to Existing Networks
– Framework for Mobility Services from Fixed Network
– Service Provision by Multiple Networks
3G Vision - Interoperability
• Legacy Systems
• Interoperability Between Different Standards (E.G., ANSI-41, GSM Based Networks)
• How Achieve Interoperability?– Goal: One Global Standard or “Family of
Standards” World Wide: IMT - 2000– Phased Implementation
3G Wireless
Business and Market Issues
3G Business Issues• Market:
• Rapid Growth Continues• Competition Increases• Transition to Data and Multi-Media
• What’s At Stake:• Vendor Sales With New Technologies• Vendor Health / Survival• Continued Robust Market Growth / Carrier Health
• Major Trade Offs• Level of Backward Compatibility• Handset, Network or Combined Interoperability Solution• Speed of Implementation
Market Trends• 3G Wireless Infrastructure Expenditures Reach $7.7 Billion by 2006
Source: Strategis Group: “3G Wireless, Demand, Standard, and Technology”
• PCS Industry Revenues of $88B in 2007Source: Andy Sukawaty, CEO, Sprint PCS
• World Cellular & PCS Subscribers 1 Billion by 2010Source: F. Craig Farrill, Vice President, Strategic Technology, Airtouch Communications
3G In World Markets• Drivers in Asia / Pacific Countries
– Capacity for Voice Growth
• Drivers in Europe– New Revenue from Services
• Drivers in U.S.– New Revenues– Competitive Differentiators
Segmenting the Market - When 3G?
• Asian Pacific Rim Market (2000-2001)– Transition Motivation: Need to
Increase Voice Capacity, 2G+ Sufficient for Some?
• European Market (2001-2003)– Transition Motivation: Need to
Develop and Provide Value Added Services
– GSM Built Out• U.S. Market (2003-2005)
– Transition Motivation: Need a Reason for Transition From 2G to 3G
– 2G Network Being Built Out
2000 - 2001
2001 - 2003
2003 - 2005
3G Wireless
Major Alternative Technologies
CDMA I
How do service providers get from 2G to 2G+ to 3G?
IS-95A CDMA
GSM EDGE
IS-95B
IS-95C95 HDR
Aircraft 144kbps
Pedestrians 384kbps
Mobile 144kbps
Fixed2Mbps
ITUDECT
cdma2000
DECT
TD-SCDMA
UTRA
CDMA II
W-CDMA/NA
W-CDMA/Japan
WIMS/W-CDMA
IS-136 TDMA
GSM MAP
GSM MAP
PDC
ANSI 41
ANSI 41
UWC-136
WAP
WWWW3G
Major Air Interfaces Evolution 2G Technology 3G
TechnologyIS-95 CDMA
GSM
IS-136 TDMA
cdma2000
W-CDMA
UWC-136
Harmonization
• Four Multiple Access Schemes– Multi Carrier CDMA - FDD– Direct Sequence CDMA - FDD– TDMA/CDMA - TDD– TDMA - FDD/TDD
3G Wireless
Standards
3G Standards• International Mobile Telecommunication
Standards For the 21st Century: IMT - 2000– ITU Radio and Network Standards– Phased Implementation– Allocated Spectrum 1.8 - 2.2 Ghz– Family of Systems / Standards– Support Circuit Data, Digital Voice and Packet
Services– Minimum Speeds:
• 144 kbit - Vehicle, 384 kbit - Pedestrian, 2 Mbps - Fixed
IMT-2000: Family of Systems Concept
Member A
Member B
Member C
IMT-2000 Family
IMT-2000: Family of Systems
• The Family Members Must: – Communicate With Each Other & Support:
• Each Other’s Users via Roaming • Circuit Switched Voice • Packet Switched Data Services
– Interworking• 3GPPs primarily, and ITU secondarily, plans to
Develop this Function where it is needed
IMT-2000: Concept
Packet Network
Packet Switch
Base Station
Base Station
Base Station
Interface - Satellite
Interface - Vehicle
Interface - Personal or Indoor
PBX
RadioRadio
Interface
Interface - Paging
IMT-2000 System
Data Base
Data Base
Manager
Personal
Phone
End Office Switch
Tandem Switch
End Office Switch
Tandem Switch
Other IMT-2000 Systems
PSTN
ISDN
STPMSC
Internet
3G Note: Operational Support Systems, Provisioning, and Billing for Multiple Complex Services ??
IMT-2000: ITU Standards Groups & Forums
• ITU-R: Responsible for Layer-1 / Air Interface
• ITU-T: Responsible for Upper Layers / Mobility Signaling
• 3GPP: UMTS Global Specifications• 3GPP-2: ANSI 41-based Global Specifications• Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)• Regional SDOs Participate in Harmonization Efforts
(ETSI, TI, TIA, ARIB, TTC, TTA, CWTS)
• ITU-R Spectrum Input to World Administrative Radio Conference 1992 (WARC-92) and Other Spectrum Usage World Wide
ITU
2010 20251980
MSS MSS*
1930
FPLMTSMSSMSS*
FPLMTS
2160 2170 2200 MHz
*Region2
1885 2110
PHS
20101980 2025
JAPAN
2110 22002170
FPLMTSMSSMSSFPLMTS
18951885 1918.1 MHz
1980 2110 22002170
FPLMTSMSS
19001880
DECT
2010
MSSFPLMTS FPLMTS
2025 MHz
Europe
2110 220021652150
Reserve MSSBroadcast Auxiliary
1910 1930 1990 2025
MSS
1850
PCS*PCS
A B CD E F
PCS
A B CD E F
MHz
U.S.A
20101980 2025
China
2110 22002170
MSSMSS
1900 1920 MHz* 1710-1755/1805-1850:DCS1800
*1865 1880 1945 1960
CDMA FDD-WLL
FDD-WLLCDMA
TDD-WLL
IMT-2000: US RTTs
• Four IMT-2000 Radio Transmission Technologies (RTTs) Submitted Initially by US to ITU:
– cdma2000 – WIMS
– W-CDMA – UWC-136
• W-CDMA and WIMS Merged to WP-CDMA
IMT-2000: Global RTTs
• Initially, Five RTTs Categories Under Consideration in ITU for IMT-2000 Standard. – TD-SCDMA Based on TDD Submitted by
China– DECT Supported by European Operators– UWC-136 Evolved From ANSI-136– WCDMA Evolved From GSM– cdma2000 Evolved From IS-95
IMT-2000: Global RTTs Adjustment
• To reflect the recent OHG proposals, the RTTs Categories were recently adjusted to:– CDMA Direct Spread FDD– CDMA Multi-Carrier FDD– CDMA TDD– UWC-136– DECT
IMT-2000: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
• Global Partnership to Develop GSM Based Standards
• Organizational Partners:– ETSI (Europe) - T1 (USA)– ARIB (Japan) - TTA (Korea)– TTC (Japan) - CWTS (China)
• One Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)
• Four Technical Specification Groups (TSGs)
IMT-2000: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
• GSM to UMTS Evolution: – High Bit Rates - Multi-Media Services
– Mixed Services - Dual Mode Terminals
• Air Interface Technology:
– W-CDMA: ETSI’s UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
(UTRA) Technology
– Provides for FDD/TDD Dual Mode Operation
Terminals
– Compatible to 2G GSM systems
– Non-Compatible to IS-95 based CDMA
IMT-2000: 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
• Global Partnership for Technical Specifications Based on ANSI-41
• Organizational Partners:– TIA (USA), ARIB (Japan), TTA (Korea),
TTC (Japan)• One Steering Committee (SC) • Six Technical Specification Groups (TSGs)
IMT-2000: Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)
• Operators to Harmonize 3G Approaches• Agreement: A Single Terrestrial Standard IMT-2000
Radio Interface • Two High Level Groupings (Five total air standards -
above):– CDMA
– TDMA
• Capability of Operating on Both GSM-MAP and ANSI-41
• OHG Proposed Three Modes for the CDMA Grouping
IMT-2000: Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)
• OHG Supports 3 Mode (3G3) CDMA– Multi Carrier (MC) - Direct Sequence (DS)
– Time Division Duplex (TDD)
• The Key Parameters for Global 3G (G3G) CDMA:– Standard for Direct Sequence (DS) Based on the FDD mode of the
W-CDMA Proposal
– Standard for Multi-carrier (MC) Based on the cdma2000 Proposal
– Standard for the Time Division Duplex (TDD) will be based on the TDD mode of the W-CDMA and the TD-SCDMA Proposal
IMT-2000: Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)
3GPP and 3GPP2 accepted the recommendations of the Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)
3GPP will produce standards for the Direct Sequence (DS) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes
3GPP2 will produce standards for the Multi Carrier (MC) mode All modes will need to operate on both GSM MAP and ANSI-
41. The work in the 3GPPs will also include the inter-working between the evolved ANSI-41 and GSM MAP platforms
3GPP has changed the chip rate of its standard from 4.09 to 3.84 Mcps
3GPP2 is using 3.6864 Mcps chip rate for its standard
3G Wireless
Capacities
3G Capacities*• 1 and 2G System Capacities
• 2G + and 3G Capacities - TDMA
• 2G+ and 3G System CapacitiesEDGE Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD) Services
• Approximate cdma2000 Capacity
* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only.
Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly
With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables.
1G and 2G System Calculated* Capacities for Voice Channels
Bc = 15 MHz
TechnologyFrequency Re-use (N)
Total Traffic Channels Traffic Channels Per Cell
AMPS 715,000/30
= 500
(500/7)-1= 70
GSM 48x(15,000/200)
= 600
(525/4)-3= 147
IS-136 TDMA
73XAMPS
= 1500
(1500/7)-3= 211
N-AMPS 43XAMPS
= 1500
(1500/4)-3= 371
CDMA 139X11
= 429
429
* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only.
Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly
With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables.
2G+ and 3G System Calculated* Capacities
TDMA Circuit-Switched Data Services
Assumptions:- Circuit-switched (Guaranteed Data Rate to the Subscriber)- Bc = 15 MHz
TechnologyService
ScenarioFrequency Re-use (N)
Total Traffic Channels Traffic Channels Per Cell
IS-136 Data
28.8 kbps7
(3/3)XAMPS =
500(500/7)-3= 68
ECSDData
32 kbps3
(8/1)X(15,000/200) =
600(600/3)-3= 197
IS-136+ Data
43.2 kbps7
(3/3)XAMPS =
500(500/7)-3= 68
GSM HSCSD
Data 64 kbps
4(8/8)x(15,000/200)
= 75
(75/4)-3= 17
IS-136HS Outdoor
Data 64 kbps
3(8/2)x(15,000/200)
= 300
(300/3)-3= 97
ECSDData
64 kbps3
(8/2)X(15,000/200) =
300(300/3)-3= 97
* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only.
Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly
With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables.
2G+ and 3G System Calculated* Capacities
EDGE Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD) Services
Assumptions:- Circuit-switched (Guaranteed Data Rate to the Subscriber)- Bc = 15 MHz
TechnologyService
ScenarioFrequency Re-use (N)
Total Traffic Channels Traffic Channels Per Cell
ECSDData
32 kbps3
(8/1)x(15,000/200) =
600(600/3)-3= 197
ECSDData
64 kbps3
(8/2)x(15,000/200) =
300(300/3)-3= 97
ECSDData
155.2 kbps3
(8/4)x(15,000/200) =
150(150/3)-3= 47
ECSDData
310.4 kbps3
(8/8)X(15,000/200) =
75(75/3)-3= 24
* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only.
Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly
With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables.
Approximate Calculated* cdma2000 Capacity
• Results are very similar to simulation results reported in cdma2000 RTT [3].
• For N=3 and data rate 76.8 Kbps, throughput is 0.146 Mbps/MHz/Sector (3-sector cells), or 0.44 Mbps/MHz/Cell. Simulation results reported in [3] provided throughput range of 0.15 - 0.21 Mbps/MHz/Sector for different environments, data modes (circuit, packet), and latency (low delay, long delay)
• Throughput/capacity results don’t include the guard band needed: 1.25MHz
• Higher data rates can be supported for a single user per sector because there is no same-cell interference
Service Scenarios Traffic Channels Per Sector(3-sector cells)
Bc = 1.2288 MHz(N=1)
Bc = 3.6864 MHz(N=3)
1. Voice 9.6kbps (EVRC) 26 772. Data 38.4 kbps 5 143. Data 76.8 kbps 2 74. Data 153.6 kbps 1 45. Data 460.8 kpbs 0-1 16. 1 Data user 76.8 kbps + Voice 9.6 kbps (from comparing rows 1&3)
13 voice 66 voice
* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only. Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables
3 G Next Steps
• Continuing Efforts:– Standards– Trials and Technical Research Lead to
Standards Modifications– Market Research – Regulatory– Phased Commercial Implementation
• The Market Decides