Third Form Grammar Questions - Memoria Press of comparison positive, comparative, superlative ev ti...

260

1. Give the three moods of Latin verbs. __________________________________________________

2. The indicative mood is used for ______________________________________________________ .

3. The imperative mood is used for _____________________________________________________ .

4. The subjunctive mood is used for ____________________________________________________ .

5. To form the singular imperative of all four conjugations, drop ________ _from_the_infinitive._

6. To form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation, add __________________________ to the singular imperative.

7. Remember __________________________________ for the 3rd conjugation imperative forms.

8. Give three irregular singular imperatives. ______________________________________________

9. Give the singular and plural imperatives of sum. ________________________________________

10. The tenses of the perfect passive system are _______________________________________verbs.

11. The 4th principal part is a ___________________________________________________________ .

12. A participle is a ____________________________________________________________________ .

13. Verbs that can take a direct object are called ____________________________________________ verbs, and verbs that do not take a direct object are called _______________________________ .

14. The vocative case is the case of ______________________________________________________ .

15. Give the Vocative Rule. ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

16. Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule. ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

17. Give the three exceptions to the Vocative Rule. 1) _____________________ 2) _______________________ 3) ________________________

18. A_vocative_noun_is_often_used_with_an ______________________________________ verb and usually is not the _______________________________________________ _word_in_the_sentence._

19. Give the dative and ablative plural of fília and dea.______________________________________

20. Give_two_common_indeclinable_nouns. _________________________________________________

21. What is an appositive? _______________________________________________________________

22. An_appositive_agrees_with_its_noun_or_pronoun_in __________________________________ , and usually but not necessarily in ________________________________________________________ .

Third Form Grammar Questions

indicative, imperative, subjunctive

statements and questions

commands

potential action, such as opinions, purpose, and wishes

-re

-te

surge, súrgite

dic, duc, fac

es, este

compound

participle

verbal adjective

transitive intransitive

direct address

The vocative is the same as nom. except in 2nd decl. M sing. where -us changes to -e and -ius to -i.

Et tu, Brute? Benedíc Dómine nos Christe eleison fili mi

meus = mi deus = deus Jesus = Jesu

imperative first

filiabus, deabus

satis, nihil

a word that follows a noun and renames it

case gender and number

261

23. _Give_two_examples_of_adjectives_used_as_nouns_in_English. _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

24. Latin_often_uses_the _________________________________________________________________ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.

25. Give_two_examples_of_the_above. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

26. Give the three kinds of 1st/2nd-declension adjectives. ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

27. The_Naughty_Nine_have_irregular_forms_in_what_cases? __________________________________

28. Give three kinds of 3rd-declension adjectives. ___________________________________________

29. In_English,_some_adjectives_require_a ________________________ to complete their thought.

30. The_three_ways_in_Latin_to_express_this_prepositional_phrase_is_by _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

31. Which cardinal numbers are declined? ________________________________________________

32. Give three reasons for using a personal pronoun in the nominative case (as a subject). _______ ___________________________________________________________________________________

33. The preposition cum takes the __________________case,_and_when_combined_with_1st/2nd_personal_pronouns_results_in_what_forms? ______________________________________________

34. The genitive of 1st/2nd declension pronouns is used for ______________________ expressions that_do_not_show ____________________________ .

35. Nostri and vestri are used for the ___________________________________________genitive.

36. Nostrum and vestrum are used for the ______________________________________genitive.

37. The 3rd person personal pronoun is __________________________________________________ .

38. The genitive of is ea id is_used_to_show _____________________________________________ but functions as a ______________________________ .

39. The_3rd_person_reflexive_pronoun_adjective_in_Latin_is __________________________________ .

40. Forms of is and ea mean he and she_when_referring_to ______________________________ , and it when_referring_to __________________________________________________________________ .

41. What kind of pronouns point out persons or things? _____________________________________


the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary

masc. or neuter nom. plural adjective

multa = many things; nostri = our men; multi = many people

regular (bonus -a -um), er adjectives (drop or retain the e), the Naughty Nine

genitive and dative

1,2,3 terminations

prepositional phrase

case,preposition,andinfinitive

unus, duo, tres

clarity, contrast, emphasis

ablative mecum, tecum, nobiscum vobiscum

of possession

objective

partitive

is ea id

possession pronoun

suus sua suum

persons things with grammatical gender

demonstrative

262

42. Demonstrative pronouns can be used as both __________________________________________ .

43. In_what_three_respects_does_hic refer to something close to the speaker? ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

44. Third-declension nouns ending in ______ are usually feminine, and those ending in _________________ _are_always_feminine._

45. When used together, ille and hic mean, respectively, ____________________________________

46. Give_two_uses_of_the_demonstrative_iste. _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

47. Which demonstrative means the famous when_it_follows_a_noun? ___________________________

48. Give the four demonstrative pronouns. ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

49. Which demonstrative is also used as the 3rd person personal pronoun? ____________________

50. The forms for _______________________ and ________________________ pronouns are identical_in_English,_but_different_in_Latin._

51. In_English,_reflexive_and_intensive_pronouns_end_in_____________________________________ .

52. Give_the_1st_person_reflexive/intensive_pronouns_in_English. ______________________________

53. Give_the_2nd_person_reflexive/intensive_pronouns_in_English. _____________________________

54. Give_the_3rd_person_reflexive/intensive_pronouns_in_English. ______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

55. An intensive pronoun _____________________________________ _another_word_in_the_sentence.

56. The intensive pronoun in Latin is ____________________________________________________ .

57. The_reflexive_pronoun_reflects_back_on_the ___________________________________________ , is always_in_the _________________________ , and never in the __________________________case.

58. 1st/2nd_person_personal_and_reflexive_pronouns_are ___________________________in Latin.

59. The_3rd_person_reflexive_pronouns_in_Latin_are ________________________________________ .

60. What three declensions have nouns ending in us in the nominative? _______________________

61. Most 3rd declension nouns ending in us_are_what_gender? ________________________________

62. Give_some_English_words_that_express_the_subjunctive. ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________


pronouns and adjectives

time, space, thought

-o -tas -tatis

the former, the latter

1) point out something close to the person spoken to, 2) in contempt

ille illa illud

is ea id; hic haec hoc ille illa illlud; iste ista istud

is ea id

reflexive intensive

self, selves

myself, ourselves

yourself, yourselves

himself, herself, themselves

emphasizes

ipse

subject predicate nominative

identical

sui, sibi, se, se

2nd, 3rd, 4th

neuter

may, might, let, should, could, would

263

63. Which_two_tenses_are_missing_from_the_subjunctive? ____________________________________

64. The indicative mood describes activity that is __________________________________________ .

65. The subjunctive mood describes activity that is ________________________________________ .

66. The subjunctive is used mainly in ____________________________________________________ .

67. Give_two_ways_to_use_the_subjunctive_in_an_independent_clause. ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

68. A clause is part of a sentence that has _________________________________________________ .

69. What_is_the_difference_between_a_phrase_and_a_clause? ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

70. A clause that can stand alone is an ______________________________________________ clause.

71. A clause that cannot stand alone is a ____________________________________________ clause.

72. A subordinate clause that uses the subjunctive is the ___________________________________ .

73. The present subjunctive is formed by _______________________ or ________________________ these_vowels_before_the_personal_ending:__ 1st conj. ______________________________ 2nd conj. _____________________________ 3rd conj. _____________________________ 3rd conj. io ___________________________ 4th conj. _____________________________

74. What_sentence_helps_you_remember_the_vowel_changes_in_the_subjunctive? ___________________________________________________________________________________

75. The hortatory subjunctive is used to express ____________________________________________ _and_is_usually_translated_with ____________________________________ .

76. The meaning of the subjunctive must be determined by the _____________________________ , but_we_will_use_the_helping_verbs ________________________________________ for recitation.

77. A subjunctive clause is made negative by using the conjunction __________________________ .

78. A_deliberative_question_is_asked_in __________________ or _______________________________ and_is_expressed_in_English_by_the_helping_verb ________________________________________ .

79. A_deliberative_question_uses_the ____________________________ subjunctive for present time and the _____________________________________ subjunctive for past time.

80. The ____________________________can_be_used_to_show_purpose_in_English,_but_not_in_Latin._


future, future perfect

real, actual

potential

subordinate clauses

hortatory subjunctive and deliberative questions

a subject and a verb

A phrase does not have a subject and a verb, and a clause does.

independent

subordinate

purpose clause

adding changing substitute e for a add a substitute a for i, o, u add a add a

We beat a liar.

exhortation, indirect command, strong wish let or may

context may and might

ne

doubt indignation should

present imperfect

infinitive

264

81. In_a_sentence_with_a_purpose_clause,_the_main_verb_is_in_the_ _____________________________ , and the purpose clause is in the____________________________ .

82. The_verbs_in_a_sentence_with_a_purpose_clause_must ___________________________in tense.

83. If the verb of the main clause is in the present or future, the verb of the purpose clause is in the __________________________________ .

84. If the verb of the main clause is in the past, the verb of the purpose clause is in the _____________________________________ .

85. The perfect subjunctive is identical to the _________________________________________ tense except for _________________________________________ .

86. A negative clause of purpose replaces ut_with _________________________________________ .

87. The active perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are built on the ____________________________ stem by adding _____________________ and _________________ , respectively.

88. Give_the_two_neuter_and_two_feminine_nouns_of_the_4th_declension. ________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

89. In adjectives and adverbs there are three ______________________________________________ .

90. These_are: __________________________________________________________________________

91. The __________________________________is descriptive.

92. The ____________________________implies_a_comparison_between_two_persons_or_things.

93. The ____________________ _implies_a_comparison_among_more_than_two_persons_or_things.

94. In_English,_many_positive_adjectives_can_be_changed_into_comparatives_by_adding ___________ and changed into superlatives by adding _____________ .

95. Give_an_example_of_these_in_English_using_the_adjective_great. _____________________________

96. In_English,_other_adjectives_and_adverbs_are_compared_by_means_of_the_words ______________ and ____________________.

97. The Latin comparative is formed by adding ________________ and ____________ to the stem.

98. The Latin comparative is declined like the regular __________________________________ noun.

99. The superlative adjective is formed by adding ______________________________ to the stem.

100. The superlative adjective is declined like ______________________________________________ .

101. Two_nouns_or_pronouns_compared_using_the_adverb_quam must be _______________________ .


indicative subjunctive

correspond

present subjunctive

imperfect subjunctive

future perfect thefirstpersonsingular

ne

perfect eri isse

Cornu and genu are neuter, and domus and manus are feminine.

degrees of comparison

positive, comparative, superlative

positive

comparative

superlative

-er -est

great, greater, greatest

more most

-ior -ius

3rd-declension

-issimus, -rimus, or -limus

bonus -a -um

in the same case

265

102. A comparative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

103. A superlative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparison means _____________ .

104. _Adjectives_with_stems_ending_in_a_vowel_are_usually_compared_using_the_adverbs ___________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

105. Adverbs stand ____________________________________________ the verbs they modify.

106. 1st/2nd-declension adjectives are changed into adverbs by _______________________________ .

107. Some_adjectives,_especially_of_quantity_and_number,_form_adverbs_with_the _________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

108. Third-declension_adjectives_of_two_and_three_terminations_are_changed_into_adverbs_by ______ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

109. The comparative of regular adverbs is the _____________________________________________ .

110. The superlative of regular adverbs is formed by ________________________________________ .


rather, too, more than the average

very

magis, máximē

before

adding -ē to the stem

accusative singular

adding -iter or -er to the stem

neuter singular nominative form

adding -e to the superlative stem

266

1. Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd decl. masculine nouns._________________

2. 2nd-decl. er nouns either ______________ or ________________________ the e in the stem.

3. Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is ____________________________________ .

4. Four_confusing_words_with_the_root_of_liber are ________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

5. What kind of verbs have indirect objects? ______________________________________________ Give Latin examples. ________________________________________________________________

6. What_are_the_two_ways_to_show_an_indirect_object_in_English? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

7. In Latin the indirect object is in the _______________________________________________case.

8. What_is_Sentence_Pattern_#5? __________________________________________________________

9. Give_an_example_of_Sentence_Pattern_#5_in_Latin. ________________________________________

10. Name the four verb complements you have learned. ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

11. What_are_the_two_ways_to_show_possession_in_English? ___________________________________

12. In Latin the possessive noun is in the ______________________________________________case.

13. Third declension nouns that have a genitive plural in ium are called ______________________ .

14. Give_two_indications_a_noun_may_be_an_i-stem and an example of each. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

15. What_are_the_two_types_of_adjectives_in_Latin? __________________________________________

16. Third declension adjectives are related to _____________________________________________ .

17. Define_pronoun._ ____________________________________________________________________

18. How_many_kinds_of_pronouns_are_there?_Name_them_in_pairs. ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

19. What is an antecedent? ______________________________________________________________

20. Give_the_Latin_word_for_we: _______________________ for us: _____________________________

21. How_do_you_write_cum_with_the_1st/2nd_person_pronouns? _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

Second Form Grammar Questions

us, er, ir

drop retain

líberi liberorum

líberi liberorum children, liber libri book, liber líbera líberum free, líbero (1) to set free

giving and telling do, demonstro, núntio, narro

the preposition to; word order - the indirect object precedes the direct object

dative

subject + verb + I.O. + D.O.

Mária Marco rosam dedit.

predicate nominative predicate adjective direct object indirect object

preposition of and 's

genitive

i-stems

(1) same number of syllables in nominative and genitive - collis collis or (2) stem ends in two consonants - pons pontis

1st/2nd declension and 3rd decl.

i-stem nouns

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

8: personal, possessive; reflexive,intensive;interrogative,relative;demonstrative,indefinite

An antecedent is the noun the pronoun takes the place of.

nos nos

mecum tecum nobiscum vobiscum

267

22. The genitive of 1st and 2nd person pronouns is used for _________________________________expressions_that_do_not_show ________________________________________________________ .

23. To_show_possession_in_the_1st_and_2nd_person,_use_the_possessive_pronoun_adjectives: __________________________________________________________________________________ .

24. The possessive pronoun adjectives function like adjectives or pronouns? ___________________

25. Give the Adjective Agreement Rule. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

26. Give the Pronoun Agreement Rule. ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

27. Define_preposition. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

28. A prepositional phrase consists of the preposition and its _______________________________ .

29. What_English_word_adds_an_additional_letter_before_words_that_begin_with_vowels? __________

30. What_two_Latin_prepositions_are_similar_to_this_word? ___________________________________

31. Latin prepositions govern either the _________________________ or ____________________case.

32. Prepositions_that_express_motion_forward_generally_take_what_case?_ _______________________

33. Prepositions_that_express_location,_no_motion,_or_motion_from,_take_what_case? ______________

34. Give_two_prepositions_that_can_take_either_the_ablative_or_the_accusative_case. _______________

35. The_infinitive_ending_for_2nd-conjugation_verbs_is ______________________________________ ; and for 3rd-conjugation verbs is ______________________________________________________ .

36. The_3rd_conjugation_does_not_have_a_stem_with_a_consistent ______________________________ .

37. In the 3rd conjugation you must chop to the __________________ _to_find_the_present_stem._

38. How_can_you_remember_the_variable_vowels_in_the_3rd_conjugation_present_system? _________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

39. Why is the 3rd conjugation an old maid? _______________________________________________

40. The_infinitive_of_the_4th_conjugation_is_ ________________________________________________ .

41. Give_the_stem_vowels_for_all_four_conjugations._ _________________________________________

42. The_present_system_of_the_4th_conjugation_is_essentially_the_same_as_the_3rd_conjugation_with_the addition of ____________________________________________________________________ .


of possession

meus tuus noster vester

adjectives

An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case, but not declension.

The pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case is determined by its function in its own clause.

A preposition shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.

object(andmodifiers)

a

a/ab e/ex

ablative accusative

accusative

abl.

in, sub

-ēre -ere

stem vowel

root

AE in future IOU in present

it has no bo's in its future

-ire

1st a, 2nd ē, 3rd (none), 4th i

the stem vowel i

268

-ere

the present system of the 4th conj.

Anadverbmodifiesaverb,adjective,oranotheradverb.

how, when, where, to what extent

-ē

-iter

neuter singular accusative -um -e multum fácile

perfectly

Drop the i from the 3rd principal part.

patterns -o -ere -xi -ctus

1) questions introduced by question words 2) questions answered with a yes or no

byplacingthehelpingverbfirst

Add the enclitic netotheendofthefirstword,usuallytheverb.

who, what, when, where, why, how

active and passive

performs the action of the verb

receives the action of the verb

passive active

the ablative of agent a/ab

43. 3rd io_verbs_belong_to_the_3rd_conjugation_because_their_infinitive_ends_in_ _________________ .

44. The present system of 3rd io verbs looks exactly like ___________________________________ .

45. Define_adverb._ ____________________________________________________________________ .

46. An_adverb_most_commonly_modifies_a_verb_by_answering_the_questions ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

47. Many 1st/2nd declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ________________ to the adjective stem.

48. Many 3rd declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ____________________ to the adjective stem.

49. Some adjectives use their ________________________________________ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either _________________________________ or _______________________ . Two_examples_are ________________________________ and _____________________________ .

50. The perfect system is _______________________________ regular in all four conjugations.

51. How_do_you_find_the_perfect_stem_for_all_four_conjugations? ______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

52. Although 3rd conjugation verbs do not have regular principal parts, they do have ___________ that_will_help_you_remember_them._What_is_the_pattern_for_verbs_like_rego? _________________

53. What_are_the_two_types_of_direct_questions? ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

54. How_do_you_form_yes_or_no_questions_in_English? _______________________________________

55. How_do_you_form_yes_or_no_questions_in_Latin? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

56. Give_the_six_common_question_words_in_English. ________________________________________

57. Give_the_two_voices_of_Latin_verbs. ____________________________________________________

58. In the active voice, the subject _______________________________________________________ .

59. In the passive voice, the subject ______________________________________________________ .

60. To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ______________________________ personal endings for ____________________________________________ personal endings.

61. When_the_action_of_the_passive_verb_is_performed_by_a_LIVING_AGENT,_the_construction is called _____________________________________and_requires_the_preposition ____________ .


269

Galli a Caesare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.

ablative of means omitted

Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.

2nd person singular of future tense beris 2nd person singular of future tense beris 2nd person singular of present tense eris 2nd person singular of present tense eris NONE

62. Give an example. ___________________________________________________________________

63. When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called _____________________________ and the preposition is ________________________ .

64. Give an example. ___________________________________________________________________

65. What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of 1st conjugation? _____________________________________________________________________ 2nd conjugation? ___________________________________________________________________ 3rd conjugation? ____________________________________________________________________ 3rd io conjugation? _________________________________________________________________ 4th conjugation? ____________________________________________________________________


270

a e i o u /ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ / oo / (food)

glória Jesus

e, i, ae, oe

a, o, u, consonants

/k/

/s/ /ch/

/ny/ pugno(Ifight),magnus (large)

antepenult penult ultima

penult antepenult

conjugations

four first,second,third,fourth

conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, and mood

firstperson,secondperson,thirdperson

speaking spoken to spoken about

singular, plural

six present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect

a

simple present progressive present emphatic present

simple progressive emphatic

notfinished

ba

1. Give_the_five_vowel_letters_and_their_long_sounds_in_Latin. ________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Give_two_Latin_words_that_have_the_long_sound_of_the_five_vowels. _________________________

3. Always_in_Latin_and_usually_in_English,_c, g, and sc are soft before _______________________ .

4. Always_in_Latin_and_usually_in_English,_c, g, and sc are hard before ______________________ .

5. In_Latin_and_English_hard c has the sound of __________________________________________ .

6. Soft_c has the sound of _________________ in_English_and ______________________in Latin.

7. In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___________________________________ _._Give_two_examples. ___________________________________________________________________________________

8. Give_the_names,_from_left_to_right,_of_the_last_three_syllables_of_a_Latin_word. ________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

9. The accent is on _________________________ unless the _______________________is marked.

10. Verb families are called ____________________________________________________________ .

11. How_many_conjugations_are_there? ______________Name them. __________________________

12. Give_the_six_attributes_of_a_Latin_verb. __________________________________________________

13. Give the three grammar persons. _____________________________________________________

14. The_first_person_is_the_person ________________________________________________________ . The second person is the person _____________________________________________________ . The third person is the person _______________________________________________________ .

15. Give_the_two_grammar_numbers. ______________________________________________________

16. How_many_Latin_tenses_are_there? ____________________________________________________ Name them. ________________________________________________________________________

17. The_stem_vowel_of_the_1st_Conjugation_is_ ______________________________________________ .

18. Give_the_names_for_the_three_forms_of_the_English_present_tense.___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

19. In_English_I praise is the _______________ present, I am praising is the ______________________ present, and I do praise is the ______________________present.

20. In Latin imperfect means ____________________________________________________________ .

21. The imperfect tense sign is __________________________________________________________ .

First Form Grammar Questions

271

ongoing, repeated, habitual interrupted

were, was

the subject and the predicate

who or what the sentence is about

what the subject is or does

subject + verb

will

present, imperfect, future

present stem

The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four p.p.

infinitive

-are

Drop refromtheinfinitive.

to

existence action

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

-o -are -avi -atus

subject + verb + direct object

complement

thecomplementaryinfinitive

finished

a one-time action completed in the past

perfect

Drop i from the 3rd principal part.

I called, I have called, I did call

22. The imperfect tense is used to describe an ______________________________________________ or ________________________________ action.

23. What_English_helping_verbs_translate_the_imperfect_tense? ________________________________

24. The_two_basic_parts_of_a_sentence_are_ _________________________________________________ .

25. The subject is _____________________________________________________________________ .

26. The predicate tells _________________________________________________________________ .


28. What_English_helping_verb_translates_the_Latin_future_tense? _____________________________ .

29. The three tenses that make up the Present System are ___________________________________ .

30. The Present System is built on the ____________________________________________________ .

31. What_are_principal_parts?_How_many_are_there? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

32. What is the name of the 2nd principal part? ____________________________________________

33. The_infinitive_ending_for_all_1st_conjugation_verbs_is ____________________________________ .

34. How_do_you_find_the_present_stem? ____________________________________________________

35. The_English_infinitive_is_written_with_the_particle_ ___________________ before the verb.

36. The_to_be_verb_shows________________________ not ______________________________ .

37. Give_the_English_forms_of_the_to be verb. _______________________________________________

38. Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs. ___________________


40. Something that completes the action of the verb is a ____________________________________ .

41. What_is_the_first_complement_in_this_text? ______________________________________________

42. In Latin grammar perfect means ______________________________________________________ .

43. The_perfect_tense_describes_what_kind_of_action? ________________________________________

44. The perfect tense is built on the __________________________________________________ stem.

45. How_do_you_find_the_perfect_stem? ____________________________________________________

46. Give three translations for vocavi. _____________________________________________________


272

have, has, did

perfect

a past action completed prior to another past action

had

the imperfect tense of sum

perfect

an action in the future completed prior to another action in the future

will have

the future tense of sum 3rd person plural

perfect, pluperfect, future perfect perfect stem

conjugations declensions

five:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th

declension, gender, number, and case

masculine, feminine, neuter

natural sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.

grammatical

the job of a noun in a sentence

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

nominative

accusative

dative

genitive

47. What_English_helping_verbs_translate_the_perfect_tense? __________________________________

48. The pluperfect tense is built on the _______________________________________________ stem.

49. The_pluperfect_tense_describes_what_kind_of_action? _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

50. What_English_helping_verb_translates_the_pluperfect_tense?_ _______________________________

51. The pluperfect tense endings are identical to __________________________________________ .

52. The future perfect tense is built on the ____________________________________________ stem.

53. The future perfect tense describes _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ .

54. What_English_helping_verbs_translate_the_future_perfect_tense?_ ____________________________

55. The future perfect tense endings are identical to ________________________________________ except for the ______________________________________________________________________ .

56. The tenses of the Perfect System are __________________________________________________ , and they are built on the ____________________________________________________________ .

57. Verb families are called _____________________________________________________________ , and noun families are called ________________________________________________________ .

58. How_many_declensions_are_there?_Name_them. _________________________________________

59. Give_the_four_attributes_of_nouns._ _____________________________________________________

60. The three genders are ______________________________________________________________ .

61. Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have _______________________________ gender._Give_three_English_examples. __________________________________________________

62. Nouns that name non-living things have gender. ________________________________________

63. To_what_does_the_case of a noun refer? _________________________________________________

64. Name the cases in order. _____________________________________________________________

65. What is the subject case? ____________________________________________________________

66. What is the direct object case? ________________________________________________________

67. What is the indirect object case? ______________________________________________________

68. What is the possessive case? _________________________________________________________


273

ablative

dative

genitive

-ae

feminine

poeta, nauta, agrícola

a, an, the

table, a table, the table

-i

masculine

us nouns with masculine gender um nouns with neuter gender

tense, personal case

neuter

genitive singular

trumps

nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is -a

person and number

Anadjectivemodifiesordescribesanounorpronoun.

gender, number, case declension

quantity quality

cardinal

ordinal

subject + linking verb + predicate adjective

69. What is the in/by/with/from case? ____________________________________________________

70. What is the to/for case? ______________________________________________________________

71. What is the of case? _________________________________________________________________

72. The_genitive_singular_of_a_1st_declension_noun_always_ends_in____________________________ .

73. 1st_declension_nouns_are_usually_what_gender? __________________________________________

74. Three important exceptions to the 1st declension feminine rule are _______________________ .

75. Latin_does_not_have_the_English_articles _______________________________________________ .

76. Give three translations for the Latin noun mensa. _______________________________________

77. The_genitive_singular_of_a_2nd_declension_noun_always_ends_in ___________________________ .

78. Second declension us nouns are usually ____________________________________ in gender.

79. Name_the_two_subgroups_of_the_2nd_declension,_and_give_their_gender. 1) _________________________________________________________________________________ 2) _________________________________________________________________________________

80. Verbs have __________________________ endings and nouns have _____________endings.

81. Second declension um_nouns_are_always ____________________________________ in gender.

82. The declension a noun belongs to is determined by the _________________________________ .

83. The natural gender rule _________________________________________ all other gender rules.

84. What is the neuter rule? _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

85. The subject and verb must agree in __________________________________________________ .

86. What is an adjective? ________________________________________________________________

87. In_Latin_an_adjective_must_agree_with_its_noun_in _______________________________________ , but not ___________________________________________________________________________ .

88. Usually an adjective of ___________________________________________ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ______________________________________________ _follows_the_noun.

89. Counting_numbers_are_called ________________________________________________________ .

90. Numbers_which_indicate_the_order_of_things_in_a_series_are_called_ ________________________ .



274

subject + linking verb + predicate nominative

-is

You have to memorize it.

the same

Drop the genitive singular ending.

subject - verb - direct object

six

direct object, predicate adjective predicate nominative

1)complementaryinfinitive 2) direct object in the accusative case

subject - direct object - verb

the verb sum, the to be verb

-ūs

masculine domus and manus

-ei

feminine dies

ē

-ēre

-eo -ēre -ui -itus

F

M, N

M, F, N

M, N (The 4th decl. neuter is taught in Lesson 8 of Third Form.)

F1 2 3 4 5


93. The_genitive_singular_of_a_3rd_declension_noun_always_ends_in ___________________________ .

94. How_can_you_know_the_gender_of_a_3rd_declension_noun? ________________________________

95. Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have __________________ case endings.

96. How_do_you_find_the_stem_of_a_Latin_noun? _____________________________________________

97. The_usual_word_order_for_an_English_sentence_is ________________________________________ .

98. How_many_of_the_seven_basic_sentence_patterns_have_complements? _______________________

99. What are the three complements covered in this text? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

100. What_are_the_two_kinds_of_direct_objects_covered_in_this_text? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

101. The_usual_word_order_for_a_Latin_sentence_is ___________________________________________ .

102. What_kind_of_verb_is_never_followed_by_a_direct_object? ___________________________________

103. The_genitive_singular_of_the_4th_declension_always_ends_in ______________________________ .

104. Fourth declension nouns are usually ________________________________________ gender, and_two_common_exceptions_are _____________________________________________________ .

105. The genitive singular of the 5th declension is __________________________________________ .

106. Most 5th declension nouns are __________ gender, and one common exceptions is __________ .

107. The_stem_vowel_of_the_2nd_conjugation_is ______________________________________________ .

108. The_infinitive_ending_for_all_2nd_conjugation_verbs_is ___________________________________ .

109. The regular endings for the principal parts of a 2nd conjugation verb are __________________ .

110. Draw_the_gender_triangle.


Third Form Grammar Questions - Memoria Press of comparison positive, comparative, superlative ev ti...

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