THIRA- December 31 2015 - readyandsafe.mt.gov · Montana THIRA-SPR Executive Summary December 31...

Montana THIRA-SPR Executive Summary

December 31

2015 This document summarizes the results of Montana’s Threat & Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) and State Preparedness Report (SPR) which, along with other input, informs Montana’s preparedness plans and activities.

2015 Montana THIRA-SPR Executive Summary

Montana’s THIRA-SPR Executive Summary 2015

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Montana Disaster & Emergency Services (MT DES), a division of the Department of Military Affairs,

presents this summary of the 2015 Montana Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

(THIRA)* and the State Preparedness Report (SPR). The focus, support and funding of Montana’s

preparedness endeavors will be shaped by the results and conclusions of the following assessments,

reviews, reports, surveys, directives and strategic plans:

Montana 2015 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA)

Montana 2015 State Preparedness Report (SPR)

Input from Montana cities, counties, tribal nations, state agencies and private sector partners

State, County and Tribal Nation After Action Reports / Improvement Plans (AAR/IP)

National Preparedness Goal

National Preparedness System

National Preparedness Report (2014)

Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (PPD-8) established the National Preparedness Goal

(2011), which views the nation’s security and resilience posture through 31 Core Capabilities relevant to 5

Mission Areas – Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery.

Assessments such as the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) and the State

Preparedness Report (SPR) are intended to allow government of all levels, communities, the private sector

and individuals to prioritize the Core Capabilities for which they see great risk and little capacity.

The results of the 2015 THIRA and SPR suggest that Montana should focus its resources and funding

opportunities towards enhancing the following Core Capabilities:

Core Capability Mission Area

1. Cybersecurity Protection 2. Health and Social Services Recovery 3. Mass Care Services Response

4. Public Health and Medical Services Response 5. Public Information and Warning Common

OR 4. Housing Recovery 5. Economic Recovery Recovery

These capabilities are either high priority with low or medium capacity or medium priority with very low capacity. *see Appendix A for all definitions


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The Public Health and Medical Services and Public Information and Warning capabilities have high priority,

but they also have fairly strong capacity so alternative considerations include Housing and Economic

Recovery, which are medium priority with very little capacity in the state.

The breakdown of the Core Capabilities with the lowest capacity, for each priority, is as follows:

Core Capability Priority Capacity Rating 1-5 (5 being No Gaps)

High Priority with Low Capacity –

Cybersecurity High 1.2

Health and Social Services High 2.0

Mass Care Services High 2.8

Public Health and Medical Services High 3.4

Public Information and Warning High 3.4

Medium Priority with Low Capacity –

Housing Medium 1.25

Economic Recovery Medium 1.6

Access Control & Identity Verification Medium 2.2

On-Scene Security and Protection Medium 2.6

Long-Term Vulnerability Reduction Medium 2.8

Environmental Response/Health & Safety Medium 2.8

Low Priority with Low Capacity –

Mass Search and Rescue Operations Low 1.0

Supply Chain Integrity & Security Low 1.8

Screening, Search & Detection Low 1.8

Natural & Cultural Resources Low 2.25

Interdiction & Disruption Low 2.8

Priority and capacity ratings were established via self-assessments from cities, counties, tribal nations and

the state through their emergency management personnel, law enforcement, fire services, public safety,

public health and medical professionals, transportation and utility authorities, fusion center specialists,

Homeland Security personnel, IT experts, faith-based organizations, non-governmental organizations

(NGO), and the private sector within Montana.


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The State Preparedness Report further examines identified capability gaps by evaluating each Core

Capability from the perspective of Solution Areas - Planning, Organization, Equipment, Training and

Exercise. The number of capabilities that measured only a 1 or 2 rating (out of 5) by Solution Areas is as

follows:

14 Core Capabilities scored 1 or 2 in the Planning Area

8 Core Capabilities scored 1 or 2 in the Organization Area

10 Core Capabilities scored 1 or 2 in the Equipment Area (equipment was deemed not relevant for

three capabilities)

9 Core Capabilities scored 1 or 2 in the Training Area

14 Core Capabilities scored 1 or 2 in the Exercise Area

Specifically, the ratings of the capabilities of highest interest for each of their Solution Areas are as follows:

Core Capability Planning Organization Equipment Training Exercises

Cybersecurity 2 1 1 1 1

Health and Social Services 3 3 1 2 1

Mass Care Services 3 4 1 2 4

Public Health and Medical Services 4 5 1 3 4

Public Information and Warning 3 2 5 3 4

Housing 1 2 N/A 1 1

Economic Recovery 2 2 1 2 1

The cities, counties, tribal nations and state agencies participating in the SPR chose the following Core Capabilities as making the most progress in the last year: Planning Public Information & Warning Operational Coordination Operational Communications Threats & Hazard Identification The Core Capabilities chosen as being in the greatest danger of decreasing are: Housing Cybersecurity Mass Care Services


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This heat map indicates capability ratings in each Solution Area to identify areas of relative strength or weakness. The 11 High Priority Capabilities are bolded. .

Core Capability

Pla

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ing

Org

aniz

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Equ

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t

Trai

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Exer

cise

s

Planning 3 4 5 5 4

Public Information and Warning 3 2 5 3 4

Operational Coordination 4 5 5 4 4

Forensics and Attribution 2 4 3 3 3

Intelligence and Information Sharing 5 5 5 5 4

Interdiction and Disruption 2 4 4 3 1

Screening, Search, and Detection 2 4 1 1 1

Access Control and Identity Verification 2 2 2 3 2

Cybersecurity 2 1 1 1 1

Physical Protective Measures 2 4 4 4 1

Risk Management for Protection Programs and Activities 2 5 5 5 4

Supply Chain Integrity and Security 2 1 2 3 1

Community Resilience 4 3 3 4

Long-term Vulnerability Reduction 3 4 3 3 1

Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment 4 5 5 5 4

Threats and Hazard Identification 5 5 5 5 5

Critical Transportation 4 4 4 4 4

Environmental Response/Health and Safety 3 5 1 1 4

Fatality Management Services 2 5 4 5 1

Infrastructure Systems 5 5 4 5 4

Mass Care Services 3 4 1 2 4

Mass Search and Rescue Operations 1 1 1 1 1

On-scene Security and Protection 2 2 4 4 1

Operational Communications 4 5 4 5 4

Public and Private Services and Resources 4 4 3 3 3

Public Health and Medical Services 4 5 1 3 4

Situational Assessment 5 4 4 3 4

Economic Recovery 2 2 1 2 1

Health and Social Services 3 3 1 2 1

Housing 1 2 1 1

Natural and Cultural Resources 2 5 1 1


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To further understand the identified gaps, each capability’s Solution Areas are broken down into Functional Areas where the shortfalls exist. Only the functional areas with low ratings are listed for each capability.

Core Capability

Cybersecurity Solution Area Rating Definition of Rating

Planning 2 Some plans/annexes exist

Functional Areas of Capability Gap

Continuity of operations for cyber systems

Detecting malicious activity

Guidelines, regulations, and standards

Investigating malicious actors

Securing CIKR and SCADA Systems**

Technical countermeasures

Organization 1 0-20% of required organization/personnel exists








Equipment 1 0-20% of required equipment exists






Protective measures


Sharing threat information


Training 1 0-20% of required training exists






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Protective measures




Exercise 1 No exercises/real-world demonstration have occurred in the last five years



Controlling electronic access




Protective measures




**CIKR stands for Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a software system that operates with coded signals over communication channels to monitor, gather and analyze real-time information and provide control of remote equipment.

Core Capability

Health & Social Services

Solution Area Rating Definition of Rating

Planning 3 Plans/annexes are complete but require update


Behavioral health

Determining health and social needs

Health assessment

Healthcare facilities and coalitions

Response and recovery worker health

School impacts

Social Services



Behavioral health


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Food safety

Health assessment


Medical products and services

Public awareness




Behavioral health


Food safety

Health assessment


Social services



Behavioral health


Environmental health

Health assessment


Public awareness

Public health measures


Social services



Behavioral health


Ensuring access

Food safety

Health assessment



Public awareness

Public health measures


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School impacts

Social services

.

Core Capability

Mass Care Services




Family reunification

Feeding

Pets

Resource distribution




Pets



Pets

Sheltering





Sheltering

Exercise 4 Exercises/real-world demonstration have occurred; some areas for improvement exist



Pets


Sheltering

.


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Core Capability

Public Health & Medical Services


Planning 4 Plans/annexes are complete and have been updated within 5 years


Emergency medical transport

Medical countermeasures

Medical surge

Triage and initial stabilization



No gaps




Health assessments

Laboratory medical testing


Medical surge




Definitive care



Medical surge



Definitive care


Health assessments


Medical surge



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.

Core Capability

Public Information & Warning




Alerts and warnings

Developing standard operating procedures for public information

New communications tools and technologies

Public awareness campaigns



Alerts and warnings

Delivering actionable guidance






Alerts and warnings






Alerts and warnings






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Alerts and warnings





As the last two capabilities with high priority (Public Health & Medical Services and Public Information & Warning) show capacity of greater than 3 out of 5, the first two medium-priority-with-low-capacity capabilities are also detailed below for consideration:

Core Capability

Housing Solution Area Rating Definition of Rating

Planning 1 No plan/annexes exist


Addressing housing shortages

Housing assessments




Housing assessments

Equipment N/A Equipment is not relevant for this capability


Not relevant




Housing assessments

Exercise 1 No exercises/real-world demonstration have


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occurred in the last five years



Housing assessments

.

Core Capability

Economic Recovery


Planning 2 Some plans/annexes exist


Economic impact assessments

Management planning




Incentivizing entrepreneurial and business development

Management planning




Management planning



Developing recovery objectives

Disseminating information


Management planning



Reopening businesses


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Montana’s 2015 State Preparedness Report, along with the SPRs of 55 other states and territories, will be

compiled into the 2016 National Preparedness Report (NPR), which is recommended reading for anyone

who would like to know the national trends.

Montana’s 2015 THIRA-SPR assessments concur with the national trends in some areas:

Montana and most of the nation assessed Operational Communications among their highest-rated

capabilities. Operational Communications is a high-priority–high-capacity capability and has been

strengthened to a 4.4 out of 5 capability (capacity) rating.

Cybersecurity continues to be the lowest-rated core capability in Montana and the nation overall.

In addition to Cybersecurity, Montana’s results agree with national findings that list the following

as areas for improvement:

o Housing

o Long-term Vulnerability

o Economic Recovery

o Access Control and Identity Verification Montana diverges from national trends in a few areas:

Unlike the national assessment, Montana doesn’t indicate major gaps in Infrastructure Systems.

Montana rated Public Health & Medical Services as one of the high-priority–medium-capacity,

while it shows a high-capacity nationally. Montana’s major gap for this capability is Equipment,

with all other Solution Areas rated as a 3 or higher.

The National Preparedness Report (NPR) identifies eight Core Capabilities that have been

developed to acceptable levels nationally:

o Environmental Response/Health and Safety

o Intelligence and Information Sharing

o Interdiction and Disruption

o On-Scene Security and Protection

o Operational Communications

o Operational Coordination

o Public and Private Services and Resources

o Public Health and Medical Services

However, Montana’s results shows medium capacity for Public Health and Medical Services, while

showing low capacity for Interdiction and Disruption, and On-Scene Security and Protection.

The following pages show visual representations of priority levels and capability ratings from Montana’s 2015 THIRA and SPR.


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This table is a summary of each core capability’s ratings by Solution Area, the capability’s priority rating, and stakeholders’ (cities, counties, tribal nations, and state agencies) determination of who holds the responsibility to fill the capability’s gaps. The Gap Responsibility responses are from the point of view of cities, counties and tribes, which comprise “the jurisdiction”, so “higher-level government” includes State and Federal governmental partners. .

.

Mission Area Core Capability Planning Organization Equipment Training Exercises Average Priority Gap Responsibility

Common Planning 3 4 5 5 4 4.2 High Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Common Public Information and Warning 3 2 5 3 4 3.4 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Common Operational Coordination 4 5 5 4 4 4.4 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Prevention Forensics and Attribution 2 4 3 3 3 3 Low Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Prevention/Protection Intelligence and Information Sharing 5 5 5 5 4 4.8 Medium Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Prevention/Protection Interdiction and Disruption 2 4 4 3 1 2.8 Low Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Prevention/Protection Screening, Search, and Detection 2 4 1 1 1 1.8 Low Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Protection Access Control and Identity Verification 2 2 2 3 2 2.2 Medium Entirely the jurisdiction's responsibility

Protection Cybersecurity 2 1 1 1 1 1.2 High Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Protection Physical Protective Measures 2 4 4 4 1 3 Medium Entirely higher-level government's responsibility

Protection Risk Management for Protection Programs and Activities 2 5 5 5 4 4.2 Low Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Protection Supply Chain Integrity and Security 2 1 2 3 1 1.8 Low Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Mitigation Community Resilience 4 3 N/A 3 4 3.5 Medium Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Mitigation Long-term Vulnerability Reduction 3 4 3 3 1 2.8 Medium Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Mitigation Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment 4 5 5 5 4 4.6 Medium Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Mitigation Threats and Hazard Identification 5 5 5 5 5 5 Medium No gap

Response Critical Transportation 4 4 4 4 4 4 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response Environmental Response/Health and Safety 3 5 1 1 4 2.8 Medium Entirely higher-level government's responsibility

Response Fatality Management Services 2 5 4 5 1 3.4 Medium Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response/Recovery Infrastructure Systems 5 5 4 5 4 4.6 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response Mass Care Services 3 4 1 2 4 2.8 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response Mass Search and Rescue Operations 1 1 1 1 1 1 Low Entirely higher-level government's responsibility

Response On-scene Security and Protection 2 2 4 4 1 2.6 Medium Entirely the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response Operational Communications 4 5 4 5 4 4.4 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Response Public and Private Services and Resources 4 4 3 3 3 3.4 Medium Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Response Public Health and Medical Services 4 5 1 3 4 3.4 High Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Response Situational Assessment 5 4 4 3 4 4 High Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Recovery Economic Recovery 2 2 1 2 1 1.6 Medium Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Recovery Health and Social Services 3 3 1 2 1 2 High Mostly higher-level government's responsibility

Recovery Housing 1 2 N/A 1 1 1.25 Medium Entirely the jurisdiction's responsibility

Recovery Natural and Cultural Resources 2 5 N/A 1 1 2.25 Low Mostly the jurisdiction's responsibility

Internal Capability Ratings


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The next pages show these same capability ratings graphically by their overall Average and by individual Solution Area, using images from FEMA’s reporting tool. Ability ratings with Mutual Aid were not considered this year. .

.


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Planning is the collection and analysis of intelligence and information, and development of policies, plans, procedures, mutual aid agreements, strategies, and other publications that comply with relevant laws, regulations, and guidance necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

.


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Organization is comprised of individual teams, an overall organizational structure, and leadership at each level in the structure that comply with relevant laws, regulations, and guidance necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks. Paid staff and volunteers who meet relevant qualification and certification standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks are part of Organization. .


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Equipment includes major items of equipment, supplies, facilities, and systems that comply with relevant standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

.

***Equipment was deemed not relevant for the Natural and Cultural Resources, Housing, and Community

Resilience Core Capabilities.

*** see note

below


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Training is comprised of the content and methods of delivery that comply with relevant training standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

.

.


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Exercise includes exercises and actual major events that provide opportunities to demonstrate, evaluate, and improve the combined capability and interoperability of the other elements to perform assigned missions and tasks to standards necessary to achieve successful outcomes.

.


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In conclusion, the Core Capabilities with the lowest capacity (in order) with their priority level are: 1. Mass Search and Rescue Operations – Low Priority 2. Cybersecurity – High Priority

3. Housing – Medium Priority 4. Economic Recovery – Medium Priority 5. Supply Chain Integrity and Security – Low Priority 6. Screening, Search, and Detection – Low Priority 7. Health and Social Services – High Priority 8. Access Control and Identity Verification – Medium Priority 9. Natural and Cultural Resources – Low Priority 10. On-Scene Security and Protection – Medium Priority 11. Mass Care Services – High Priority 12. Long-Term Vulnerability Reduction – Medium Priority 13. Environmental Response / Health and Safety – Medium Priority 14. Interdiction and Disruption – Low Priority 15. Physical Protective Measures – Medium Priority 16. Forensics and Attribution – Low Priority 17. Public Information and Warning – High Priority 18. Public Health and Medical Services – High Priority 19. Fatality Management Services – Medium Priority 20. Public and Private Services and resources – Medium Priority 21. Community Resilience – Medium Priority 22. Critical Transportation – High Priority 23. Situational Assessment – High Priority 24. Planning – High Priority 25. Risk Management for Protection Programs and Activities – Low Priority 26. Operational Coordination – High Priority 27. Operational Communications – High Priority 28. Infrastructure Systems – High Priority 29. Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment – Medium Priority 30. Intelligence and Information Sharing – Medium Priority 31. Threats and Hazard Identification – Medium Priority

Projects supported with Federal grant dollars should build, sustain and deliver capabilities based on the

combination of their priority and capacity.

The 2015 National Preparedness Report (NPR) and the 2016 Homeland Security Grant Program Notice of

Funding Opportunity (HSGP NOFO) have not yet been published at the date of this summary, but the

intent for this coming year would be similar to last year’s directive: Recipients of Department of Homeland

Security (DHS) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) grant funding should consider


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projects addressing the areas identified in the most recent NPR and their State THIRA & SPR assessments

as priorities with less-than-desired abilities.

According to the 2015 (last year’s) HSGP NOFO p.3: “Recipients are required to consider national areas for

improvement identified in the 2014 NPR, which included the following core capabilities:

Cybersecurity;

Infrastructure Systems;

Health and Social Services;

Housing; and

Long-term Vulnerability Reduction. In addition, the Department of Homeland Security requires recipients to prioritize investments that address capability targets and gaps identified through the annual THIRA and SPR process. These assessments set capability targets and measure current ability to meet those targets.”

It is the directive of DHS/FEMA that “all supported investments are based on capability targets and gaps identified during the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) process, and assessed in the State Preparedness Report (SPR).” (FY 2015 HSGP NOFO p.2) This position pertains to both HSGP and Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG) awards. “The Department of Homeland Security expects EMPG recipients to prioritize grant funding to address capability targets and gaps identified through the annual THIRA and SPR process. Recipients should prioritize the use of grant funds to maintain/sustain current capabilities, to validate capability levels, and to increase capability for high-priority core capabilities with low capability levels.” (FY 2015 EMPG NOFO p.3) This Executive Summary of Montana’s 2015 THIRA and SPR is intended to condense the results of the two assessments with as little bias as possible. The graphs and tables show support for the conclusions and narrative stated in the summary and give additional information expected to inform decisions concerning the priorities, funding and strategies of Montana’s prevention, protection, mitigation, response, recover, preparedness, and emergency management activities.


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Appendix A - Definitions

THIRA – Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment is a risk assessment collecting information

regarding the threats and hazards, including their projected consequences or impacts, the desired

outcomes (what success looks like), targets for which to strive and the estimated resources needed to

reach those targets. The THIRA provides a common, consistent approach for identifying and assessing risks

and associated impacts.

SPR – State Preparedness Report is a standardized statewide self-assessment of Core Capabilities from the

point of view of each of the 5 Solution Areas – Planning, Organization, Equipment, Training and Exercise.

Annual SPRs are a requirement by the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006.

Mission Areas – 5 themes (Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery) identified in the

National Preparedness Goal that comprise the parts of Preparedness. These five mission areas serve as an

aid in organizing our national preparedness activities, and do not constrain or limit integration across

mission areas and core capabilities, which by their nature are highly interdependent and applicable to any

threat or hazard. These mission areas exist along a continuum, and there is a dynamic interplay between

and among them and even some commonality in the core capabilities essential to each.

Prevention - Prevention includes those capabilities necessary to avoid, prevent, or stop a threatened or

actual act of terrorism. It is focused on ensuring optimal preparedness to prevent an imminent terrorist

attack within the United States through a collaborative investigative process. Prevention includes the

intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland defense activities conducted in the event of an act of

terrorism in the homeland to determine if follow-on attacks are planned and to thwart and/or apprehend

the adversary.

Protection - Protection includes capabilities to safeguard the homeland against acts of terrorism and man-

made or natural disasters. It is focused on actions to protect the citizens, residents, visitors, and critical

assets, systems, and networks against the greatest risks in a manner that allows our interests, aspirations,

and way of life to continue by enhancing Protection through cooperation and collaboration with all sectors

of society. The Protection capabilities include, but are not limited to, critical infrastructure protection,

cybersecurity, border security, immigration security, protection of key leadership and events, maritime

security, transportation security, defense of agriculture and food, defense against WMD threats, and

health security.

Mitigation - Mitigation includes those capabilities necessary to reduce loss of life and property by

lessening the impact of disasters. It is focused on the premise that individuals, the private sector,

communities, critical infrastructure, and the Nation as a whole are made more resilient when the


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consequences and impacts, the duration, and the financial and human costs to respond to and recover

from adverse incidents are all reduced.

Response - Response includes those capabilities necessary to save lives, protect property and the

environment, and meet basic human needs after an incident has occurred. It is focused on ensuring that a

community is able to effectively respond to any threat or hazard, including those with cascading effects,

with an emphasis on saving and sustaining lives and stabilizing the incident, as well as rapidly meeting

basic human needs, restoring basic services and community functionality, establishing a safe and secure

environment, and supporting the transition to recovery.

Recovery - Recovery includes those capabilities necessary to assist communities affected by an incident in

recovering effectively. It is focused on a timely restoration, strengthening, and revitalization of the

infrastructure; housing; a sustainable economy; and the health, social, cultural, historic, and

environmental fabric of communities affected by a catastrophic incident.

Core Capabilities - Capabilities are the means to accomplish a mission, function, or objective based on the

performance of related tasks, under specified conditions, to target levels of performance. There are 31

Core Capabilities outlined in the National Preparedness Goal.

1. Planning – Systematically engage the whole community as appropriate in the development of executable strategic, operational, and /or community-based approaches to meet defined objectives.

2. Public Information & Warning – Deliver coordinated, timely, reliable and actionable information to the whole community regarding any threat or hazard, actions being taken, and the assistance being made available.

3. Operational Coordination – Establish and maintain a unified and coordinated operational structure and process, integrating all critical stakeholders and supporting the execution of Core Capabilities.

4. Forensics & Attribution – Conduct forensic analysis and attribute acts to their source (including means and methods) in an effort to prevent initial or follow-on acts and/or develop counter-options.

5. Intelligence & Information sharing – Provide timely, accurate, and actionable information by gathering, analyzing, consolidating, and sharing raw data and information, from numerous sources, among Federal, State, Tribal, local and/or private sector entities, as appropriate.

6. Interdiction & Disruption – Delay, divert, intercept, halt, apprehend or secure threats and/or hazards. Activities include detection and investigation of potential terrorist activities.

7. Screen, Search & Detection – Discover, locate and identify threats and/or hazards through active and passive surveillance and search procedures.


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8. Access Control & Identity Verification- Control admittance to critical locations and systems, limiting access to authorized individuals carrying out legitimate activities.

9. Cyber Security – Protect against damage to, unauthorized use of, and/or exploitation of electronic communications systems and services and the information contained therein.

10. Physical Protective Measures – Reduce or mitigate risks by controlling movement and protecting borders, critical infrastructure, and the homeland.

11. Risk Management for Protection Programs & Activities – Identify, assess and prioritize risks prior to an event to prioritize Protection activities and investments.

12. Supply Chain Integrity & Security – Strengthen the security and resilience of the supply chain, which includes food and agricultural production, food processing facilities, laboratory surveillance, transportation, retail points, public notification, and domestic and international confidence in the US food supply.

13. Community Resilience – Recognize, understand, communicate, plan and address risks so the community can develop a set of actions to accomplish Mitigation and improve resilience.

14. Long-term Vulnerability Reduction – Build and sustain resilient systems, communities, critical infrastructure and key resources to reduce vulnerability and lessen the likelihood, severity and duration of adverse consequences.

15. Risk & Disaster Resilience Assessment – Assess risk and disaster resilience so decision makers, responders, and community members can take informed action to reduce risk and increase resilience.

16. Threats & Hazard Identification – Identify threats and hazards that occur in the geographic area, determine the frequency and magnitude, and incorporate this information into analysis and planning processes.

17. Critical Transportation – Provide transportation (including infrastructure access and accessible transportation services) for response priority objectives, including the evacuation of people and animals, and the delivery of vital response personnel, equipment and services.

18. Environmental Response/Health & Safety – Provide protective guidance, training and resources to responders and affected communities. Minimize exposure to environmental public health hazards, i.e. contaminated food, air, water, waste, debris and hazardous waste. Manage the consequences of hazardous materials release, including conducting searches of suspected sources, testing and identifying substances, identifying isolation perimeters, decontamination procedures, and the notification of proper authorities.

19. Fatality Management Services – Providing body recovery, victim identification, mortuary activities, family reunification and counseling.


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20. Mass Care Services – Provide life-sustaining services, focusing on hydration, feeding, sheltering, and family reunification.

21. Mass Search & Rescue Operations – Deliver search and rescue resources, including personnel, services, animals, and other assets to save the greatest number of endangered lives in the shortest time possible.

22. On-scene Security & Protection – Ensure a safe and secure environment for people and communities located within affected areas and all response personnel.

23. Operational Communications – Ensure timely communications in support of security, situational awareness, and operations among and between affected communities and all response personnel.

24. Public & Private Services & Resources – Provide the essential services and resources to affected populations and surrounding communities that are needed to preserve life, property, safety and security.

25. Public Health & Medical Services – Provide lifesaving medical treatment and avoid additional disease and injury by delivering targeted public health and medical support and products.

26. Situational Assessment – Provide all decision makers relevant information regarding the nature and extent of the hazard, any cascading effects and the status of the response.

27. Infrastructure Systems – Stabilize critical infrastructure functions, minimize health and safety threats, and restore systems to support a viable, resilient community. Stabilization activities include damage and safety assessments, and the repair of infrastructure for oil, gas, electric, telecommunications, drinking water, wastewater, and transportations systems.

28. Economic Recovery – Return economic and business activities to a healthy state and develop new business and employment opportunities that result in a sustainable and economically viable community.

29. Health & Social Services – Restore and improve health and social services networks to promote the resilience, independence, physical and behavioral health, and well-being of the whole community.

30. Housing – Implement housing solutions to support the needs of the whole community and contribute to its sustainability and resilience.

31. Natural & Cultural Resources – Protect natural, cultural and historic resources through preservation, conservation, rehabilitation and restoration in compliance with environmental and historical preservation laws and executive orders.


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Solution Areas – POETE

Planning - Collection and analysis of intelligence and information, and development of policies, plans, procedures, mutual aid agreements, strategies, and other publications that comply with relevant laws, regulations, and guidance necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

Organization - Individual teams, an overall organizational structure, and leadership at each level in the structure that comply with relevant laws, regulations, and guidance necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks. Organization includes paid staff and volunteers who meet relevant qualification and certification standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

Equipment - Major items of equipment, supplies, facilities, and systems that comply with relevant standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

Training - Content and methods of delivery that comply with relevant training standards necessary to perform assigned missions and tasks.

Exercise - Exercises and actual major events that provide opportunities to demonstrate, evaluate, and improve the combined capability and interoperability of the other elements to perform assigned missions and tasks to standards necessary to achieve successful outcomes.

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