M. Vivitsou, K. Tirri & H. Kynäslahti Department of Teacher Education

University of Helsinki

Thinking Science through

teachers’ experiences with

digital technologiesin Finland and Greece

A few words about the study

Our study kicks off to gain an understanding of science educators’ pedagogical thinking. They are two Computer Science teachers and one in Technology from Greece, one Biology teacher from Finland and two Finnish researchers specializing in Science education. All of them either use digital technologies in practice, or they do research on the pedagogical use of technologies, or both. As the landscape in science education changes radically, we decided to look into the different aspects of teaching science or science-related subjects (e.g., through environmental projects) with technologies, as they come up in the teachers’ interviews.

The content analysis of findings shows that the participants of the study shift away from a mode of thinking that could be described as thinking for ‘certainty’. Instead, according to the analysis, the teachers’ thinking reflects the ‘new’ reality of scientific developments. In the current era, one should think twice before arguing in favor of a law of nature. What used to be considered as natural law can no longer be taken for granted. As a result, we might just as well start thinking about the current era as ‘the age of uncertainty’. Similarly, the teachers in the study raise doubts about what are best ways for thinking and teaching science.

The images selected for this presentation represent exactly this notion, that in teaching science established practices can no longer be taken for granted. The curriculum cannot just keep on giving suggestions for the teaching of scientific subjects as isolated phenomena; instead, we should start thinking about flexible, blended, dynamic curricula. Reading books is not enough and cannot substitute lab work. Learning science is better learning when students are connected with peers. Learning science is better when learning together.Learning science is better learning when is embodied and occurring outdoors.

Understanding Science Teachers’ Experiences Of digital technologies In practice

Science as Thinking

As a way to view the world from a holistic perspective =

Teaching natural phenomena as a whole, ‘not just objects’ (Finnish science education researcher)

As knowledge

construction-

‘scientific’ way

Of thinking (e.g.,

experimentation,

measurement,

gathering data,

deriving rules,

calculations,

formulas)

As goal-oriented, hard work, creating tensions

(Tension = how to translate ‘scientific knowledge into practical thinking about e.g., space and time’) (Greek Technology teacher)

Science is everywhere; but is it for everyone?

It seems that in the first category (Science as thinking) there is conflict in the way teachers approach science. On the one hand they view science as a whole, on the other they say that knowledge creation, or knowing, becomes possible only when the so-called ‘scientific way’ is followed. Another point that could lead to further discussion is the way hard work is separated from imaginative and creative thinking. These are more likely to appear in a human-science-subject rather than in studying the natural sciences. One more issue that levels up is the relation between science and women. Do female students have equal opportunities to learn sciences at school?

In the second main category (Science as method) there is a clear focus on internet and social media and connective technologies as tools and as spaces that sustain the teaching and learning of science. Here another ‘tension’ comes up as the networking of students with peers from, for example, other countries, is seen as an opportunity for social bonding, collaboration and knowledge co-construction. The boundaries of teaching and learning science become blurry when human relations surface as parts of the game. Therefore, the tension is where the objective, free from value, neutral face of science is put in question. So is the teaching of science and related subjects when based on methodologies that ignore the current needs of learners.

Science as Method

Science teachers think that technologies package both hopes and fears into the teaching of science with technologies

HOPE:Social networking enriches the content of school learning

HOPE: LearningWith social networks draws from cultural landscapes

HOPE: Science-related

subjects +

ConnectiveTechnologie

s =a human

relationship building

approach

FEAR:Internet

boundaries are blurry

=

What is a

‘fact’?

FEAR:‘I don’t want to Feed my

own valuesto my

Students’(Finnish Biology

teacher)

FEAR:‘What professional development are we talking about?’ (Greek Computer Science teachers)

Finally, what

CertaintyAre we talking about?

Is it good time

to start

thinkingscience

differently? Is it

good time to

start teaching science

differently?

Science takes place

in a historical process. Science is contextual. Scientific

achievements are NOT

neutral.

Students have the right to KNOW

http://smashinghub.com/30-brilliant-surreal-photo-manipulation-artworks.htm http://www.templates.com/blog/stunning-cg-surrealism-from-origin-to-modernity/

Image credit:

In the age of uncertainty…