Thinking Points
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Transcript of Thinking Points
Thinking Points
Applied Cognitive Science
Thinking Points Defined
• Tolerance leads to Unity• Diversity gives Us Strength• Common Good brings Dreams About• Respect for Human Dignity
– Increases Opportunities– Releases Creativity– Generates Wealth
Key Long-Term Strategies
• Concentrate on Values and Principles• Be Authentic
– Means Having Courage
• Stick Up for What You Believe – Consistent Vision
• Empathize and Connect– Care and Act on that Caring
• Framing– Facts in Context
• Avoid the Traps
V I S I O N
Use Words and Language in the Service of Our Deepest
Convictions.
Framing
• Frames are mental pictures that allow human beings to understand reality and sometimes to create what we take to be reality.
• Framing is Applied Cognitive Science.
• Frames facilitate our most basic interactions with the world.
Framing
• Frames structure our:– Ideas & Concepts– Shape the Way We Reason– Impact How We Perceive– Impact How We Behave
• Use of Frames is Unconscious & Automatic
• We Use Them Without Realizing It.
Framing
“Social Institutions and situations are shaped by Mental Pictures (Frames), which determine how we Behave in those institutions and situations.”
“Frames are, to use a Metaphor, “Life as a Play”.”
~~Erving Goffman, Sociologist, Frame Analysis
Frame or Lose
Brains Change AND They Change More Radically Under
Conditions of Trauma Than Under Ordinary Conditions.
Cognitive Modeling & Theory
• The Metaphor– Explains many profound differences– Biconceptuals
• Both viewpoints are seared into our brains• Each may be used actively or passively• The models are cultural. By living in the
same culture we are familiar with both models.
– Naming is an Inexact Art• Capture the Focus and Implications
Twelve Traps to Avoid• The Issue Trap
– Get out of the issue silos, they isolate– Define the Overall Vision – Keep to the Values and Principles
• The Poll Trap– The Job of Leaders is to Lead, Not Follow
• The Laundry List Trap– Lost in Programs and Policies– Stick to Values, Connection,
Authenticity, and Trust
• The Rationalism Trap– Reason and Hard Facts Do Not Persuade
• The No-Framing Necessary Trap– People Use Deep Seated Frames– Mental Pictures to Understand Facts and
their World
• The Policies-Are-Values Trap– Policies are Not Values– Policies are Based on Values
• The Mainstream Trap– Mythical Mainstream– Reality of Biconceptuals
• People who hold both views depending upon perception, side-by-side
• The Mis-Under-Estimating Trap– Cultural Models
• By living in the same culture we are familiar with both models.
• The Re-Active Trap– Re-Act Rather than Pro-Active– Change Frames and Think Out-of-the-
Box
• The Spin Trap– Surface Framing is Meaningless– Deep Framing in the Foundation– Spin is the Dishonest Use of Surface to
Hide the Truth
• The Policy Speak Trap– Communicate Values Rather Than
Specific Policy Positions
• The Blame Game Trap– We Control Only HOW We Communicate
Clear Path Out of Traps
Understand the Anatomy of the
Vision
AND
of Communication
Nurturing Parent Model
• Authoritative without being Authoritarian
• Set Fair and Reasonable Limits and Rules
• Take Time: Discuss Issue & Explain Decisions
• Accept Questioning
• Open and Respectful Communication
Nurturing Parent Model
• Empathy– The Capacity to Connect with Other
People
• Responsibility– Means to Act on That Empathy– Responsibility for Yourself and Others
Acting On Your Empathy
• Achieves– Protection (People Feel Safe)– Fulfillment in Life– Freedom (to Seek Fulfillment)– Opportunity (Equality to Explore)– Fairness (Unfairness Stifles Freedom &
Opportunity)– Equality (the Sameness of Distribution)
Acting On Your Empathy
• Achieves– Prosperity
•because a certain base amount of material wealth is necessary
– Community •because nobody makes it alone, and
communities are necessary for anyone to lead a fulfilling life.
Cognitive Science
Getting Real About Rationality
Recognize How It Really Works!
Lessons from Cognitive Science
• Use of Frames is Mostly Unconscious– Neural Level ~ people have no idea they are
using frames, much less what kind of frame.
• Frames Defy Common Sense– One person’s common sense is another’s evil.
• Repetition Embeds Frames in the Brain– Repetition embeds frames in the brain
• Frames do Not Change Overnight– Brains Do Change and Not Quickly– Persistence is the Key
Lessons from Cognitive Science
• Speak to All as Your Audience– The brain permits different & inconsistent
worldviews.
• The Facts Alone Will Not Set You Free– We think & reason using frames &
metaphors.– Arguing in terms of facts will fall on deaf ears.– Facts are important & only make sense in
context.
• Negating the Other’s Frame Gives Them Power and Makes Them Stronger
Pragmatist
• Inauthentic pragmatist is willing to depart from Values for perceived gain. – Surrenders Vision and Trust
• Authentic pragmatist knows you can not get everything you think is Right, you can get Most of it through Negotiation.– Stick to Values and Work to Satisfy them
Maximally
The Most Powerful Form of Thinking is Strategic
• It is not just a matter of thinking ahead.• It is a matter of changing the landscape
of thought and action.• It is a matter of setting many things in
motion by setting one thing in motion.• It is a matter of reconfiguring the future
by doing one thing in the present.
Strategic Initiatives
• Proposals in one area that have an impact far beyond the explicit change promoted.
• Multifaceted Initiatives– Targeted policy has far-reaching effects– Advances a range of goals through one
goal.• Domino Initiative
– Meant as first step toward a broader goal.
– Next steps are easier or inevitable.
Ethical Business
Tool to Enhance the Common Good
Incentive: It is GOOD for Business
The Art of Successful Arguments
• They are about what is Right.• They use versions of contested
Values.• They have a structured Frame.• They have Frames that set up the
Problem and Solution.• They use Commonplace Frames that
resonate widely.• They use Language That Evokes
DEEP Frames.
How Argument Frames Work
• Remember, Frames are not simply about Words.
• Frames are Mental Pictures.• General Argument Frame
– Moral Values– Fundamental Principles– Issue-Defining Frames– Commonplace Frames
Thinking Points
Thinking IS Activism
Movements are about Values and Principles
Organizing has to be ABOUT Something
“Happiness is when what you
Think and what you
Say is what you
Do.”