I

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Kautilya - 3~283 B c Ancient htdian Philos~pher AdVlSe:r to I<ing Chandragµpta Maurya.

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) Former President of America and Political ScientiSt

Henri Fayol ~841- 1925) French }1ining Engineer and Administratfve l'heonst

-

Frederi~k Winslow T'aylor (186&-1915) Engineer" Inventor and Consultant

Max Weber (1864-1920) German Sociologist and Political Scientist

Luther GUiick ( 892-1993) American Expert on Public

i Admi.niStratiOCh Lyndall Urwiek (1891.-1983) British Management Consultant

1. Arthasbastra 2. Neetishastra 3. Chanaky~ eeti

. The Study of Admini tratien, 1887.

2. Con~essional Govemmenl; ],885.

3. The Constitutional Gbvenunent in the United States, 1908.

1. General and Industrial Management, 1949.

2. The Theory of Administration of the State, 1923,.

1- Shop Management, 1903. 2. The Principles of Scientific

Management, 1911. 3~ The Testimony Before the

House S~cial Commitfee,1'912

1. The Theory of Sbcial and Eeonomic Organisation, 1947.

2 Economy and Society, 909.

3. The Pr,otestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 1904.

1. The Papers on Science of Administration, 1937, (Edited by Gulick and Urwicl<).

2 .. Metropolitan Problem and American Ideas, 1962 (Gtilidc).

3. The Elements of Administration, 1947 (Urwidc).

l. Monarchy as the best form of govemmen,t; Absolute -powers to l<i.ag.

2. &ptanga theory of e1emen of state.

3. Principles of public administration.

1. Importance of study of administration as science.

2 Politics-admini tration dichotomy.

3. Publ' c administration as 'Govenunent in action'.

1 l'rinciples of management. 2. General lteory of

managen1ent/ management process s&oot

3. Gang plank/ Level . . Jumping.

1. Pt[t.ciples of scientific managemen~.

2. "Orte best way11 of doing things.

3. Functional foremanship.

1. F2rms of authority. .. 2. Legal rational

bureaucracy. 9. Protestant ethic.

1. Strucb.rre based principles of organisation.

2. POSDCORB as funGtions of executive.

3. Bases of departmentalisation.

7.

9.

1 o.

IL

J2.

13.

DJ ker Folle~ ~J 86~ 1 3) kmerican Political . Scientist, Social Worker and M nagement Consul1tan

George Elton Mayo (1880-1 'J4Q) Australian &!>ci 1 E s chologist and Ind u h a 1 Resear .. her

Chester~ ·. Barnard (1 6-196') " m rican Executi e and Management Thinker

Herbert . Simon (1916-2 l Amerrican Political Sci 6st an Economi t

_ _ raham Maslow (1908-1 70 American PsycltoJagist nd Motivation Theorist

Douglas McGregor (1 06-964) Arrlericran Social

p - rchoJogist and hmagement C ultar t

Chris Argyrls Oul,y 1 , 1923 American Be.ha rioural Theorist and Management Writer

1. Dynamic dministration,

1'924. 1 24 2. Creativ.e H per.1enc , --3. Freedom an

Coordinatlon, 949~

1. Th Human Pr~bl~ms of lndustrial Ci- ill ation, 19· 3.

-. The Political Problems of Industrial Civilisation, 197'4.

~ The Social Probleins f Industrial Civilisation., 1975.

l .. Functions of. the Executive, 1938.

2~ Organisation and Management, 1948.

3. Philo ophy for Managers; Sel Papers of Chester I. Barnard, 1986.

1. Administrativ.e Behaviour:/ 1947.

2. Organisation, 1958. 3. 'Fhe New Science of

Management Decision, 1960.,

1. Motivation and Personality, 1954.

2. A Theorv of Human .. Motivation, 1943. Religion, Values and Peak Experiences, 1965.

1. The Human Side of Entetprise, 1960 ..

2. The Professional Manager, 1967 ..

-. Leadership and Motiva lion, 1969.

1. Per onality and Organisation, 1957.

. Integrating the fudjviduaJ an the Organisation, 1964.

3. Organ· ationil Leaming, 1 78.

1. Human relatio to organisations ..

2. Hawth m effect. ...... -

. RoL of in.forma-organisations and group in effectin,g the b avio U'

of indi' · duau at ork.

1. Accep ce theory of authority and "Z !1 of Indiff erenc ''

2. Contribution- tisfaction equilibrium.

3. F-unctions of the ecuti e.

1 .. Administration as d.fcision-making.

2. Bounded rationalifyk 3. ~one of acceptance.

1. Hlerarchy of needs. •

2. Self-actualisation. a. Peak experiences .

1. Theory "X'' and Theory ''Y''-

2. Management eduea ~an from cosmology to reali.~.

3. Transactional influen _ e.

1 .. Maturity•Immatu:r.iry theory.

2. T~r u 'Techniques; S~le loop and Doubl loop I a.ming.

3. Or anisational leamj .

15. Rensia likel't (1903-1981) AmeriC'Jln Otganisatienal PsycholQgist and Educator.

17.

Fred W,. Kigp (1917-2008) Chinese bom Az:ilerican Political ScientiSt and Ad:ininisttative Model Builder

Yehezkel Bror (bOm in 1928) Israeli Political Scientist and Pioneer in Pelley Studies

18, DWight Waldo (1913-2000) American Political Scientist and''Defining 6gµre''" in Public AdminiStration.

19. Peter Drucker (1909-2005) Ametican Mana~ent Thinker, Professor and consultant

0 and Man; 1966.

8. I11e Managerial Cho ce, 1982.

1. New PatteJtlS of Management, 1961.

2. The Human Drganisation_, 1967.

3. New Ways of Managing Conflict, 1976.

1~ The Ecology of Public Administration, 1961.

2. Administration in Developing Countries, 1964. ,

3. Frontiers of Development Administration, 1910~

1. Public Policy-making Reexamined, 1968.

2. Design for Policy Sciences, 197L

3. V enbi.t-es in Policy Sdences.1 1971.

l. The Adlninisttative S1tate, 1948.

2. The Study of Pllblli: AdmihiSttation, 1955.

3. Public Administration in a Tbne of Turbulence, 1971.

1. The Practice of Management, 1954 ..

2. Management -'Tasks, Responsibilities, Practi£es, 1974.

3. Manaplent Challenges for the 21- Cen , 1992

1. Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, 184!4.

2 Dle Eighteenth Brull\aire of Lou.is Banaparte.. 1850.

S. A Contribution to the Critli! of Political 'Economy, 1859.

1. Management system 1-4. 2. Lirikihg pin model.

- 4

3. Ihteractic:tn-influence s~tem.

-

1. Pnsmatic societx& 2. ~l! model of >

..l .-...... : .... :-.L.. • aunww:.u ation. 3. Development as

difftaction and integration.

1. Societal direction system as a m•-knowledge system.

2. ''Qptinial model# of policy making.

3. Paradigms of policy sciences.

1. Pitblic administration as political approach.

2. Professional orientation to Public AdmiilistratiOIL

3. New Public Os £7

Admihistration.

1, Management by objecti~ . 2. Restructlirirtg

Govemment1 New Public ldanagement.

3. Knowledge society. and knowledge workers.

l, Bureaugacy as an exploitative claSs instrtunent.

2. Materialistic interpretation of hiStory.

3. Alienation of bureaucracy . •

9/8/2014 H. George Frederickson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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H. George FredericksonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

H. George Frederickson is a generalist in the field of public administration with particular interests inpublic administration ethics, theories of public administration, systems of multi-level governance, andAmerican local government.[1] He currently serves as the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor ofPublic Administration at the University of Kansas.[2] He was President Emeritus of Eastern WashingtonUniversity until 1987 (http://www.ewu.edu/about/history-of-ewu.xml) and served as President of theAmerican Society for Public Administration] (ASPA).[3] Frederickson is the founding editor of theJournal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) and founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of PublicAdministration Research and Theory (JPART).

Contents

1 Major influences on public administration1.1 Minnowbrook II1.2 Social equity1.3 Moral justification for bureaucracy1.4 High reliability organizations

2 Education3 Awards4 Professional experience5 Publications

5.1 Recent publications5.2 Forthcoming publications5.3 Other publications

6 References7 External links

Major influences on public administration

Minnowbrook II

Frederickson is responsible for coordinating the second Minnowbrook Conference, MinnowbrookII, held in 1988. The conference was held at Syracuse University's conference center in theAdirondack Mountains. Lasting a total of four days, Minnowbrook II gave Frederickson and hiscolleagues the chance to reexamine the impacts of Minnowbrook I on the field of PublicAdministration.

Social equity

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In 1968 Frederickson came up with "a theory of social equity and put it forward as the "third

pillar" of public administration."[4] Frederickson was concerned that those in public administrationwere making the mistake of assuming that citizen A is the same as citizen B; ignoring social andeconomic conditions. His goal is: for social equity to take on the same "status as economy and

efficiency as values or principles to which public administration should adhere."[4]

Moral justification for bureaucracy

In 2002 Frederickson published an article for Administration & Society, titled, Confucius and theMoral Basis of Bureaucracy. In this article Frederickson describes the need for a "moral basis ofbureaucracy" in the West. He argues, "the moral justification for bureaucracy in systems ofdemocratic self-government is stronger in Eastern thought than in Western philosophy and

practice."[5] In this article, Frederickson describes the several "central features" of

Confucianism.[5] He then compares them to Western approaches to bureaucracy; providing

"contemporary examples."[5] These central features are: "(1) the rule of man versus the rule oflaw, (2) the characteristics of the good official, (3) the nature of moral conventions and theirimportance to governing, (4) the importance of education and merit, (5) how to serve those in

power, (6) the nature and order of society, and (7) the definitions of virtue and morality."[5]

High reliability organizations

In the article, Airport Security, High Reliability, and the Problem of Rationality, Frederickson

"applies the concepts and logic of high reliability organizations to airport security operations".[6]

Frederickson examines both the internal and external properties of High-Reliability Organizations(HRO). He argues, after September 11, 2001, the American commercial air travel industry needsto be operated as a HRO in order to prevent future catastrophes. "For commercial air travel to behighly secure, there must be very high levels of technical competence and sustained performance,regular training, structure redundancy, collegial, decentralized authority patterns, processes thatreward error discovery and correction, adequate and reliable funding, high mission valence,

reliable and timely information, and protection from external interference in operations."[6]

Education

B.A. from Brigham Young University in 1959.M.P.A. from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1961.Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in 1967.Honorary Doctor of Law, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea, 1980.

Awards

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Youngberg Award (Higuchi), University of Kansas[2]

Gaus Award, American Political Science Association[2]

Waldo Award, American Society of Public Administration[2]

Professional experience

1987 August – Current: Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration, andCourtesy Professor of Higher Education Administration The University of Kansas, Lawrence,Kansas1977 January – August 1987: President and Professor of Public Affairs, Eastern WashingtonUniversity, Cheney, Washington1974 August – December 1976: Dean, College of Public and Community Services, University ofMissouri-Columbia.1973 August – August 1974: Associate Dean for Policy and Administrative Studies, School ofPublic and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University.1972 August – August 1974: Chairman, Graduate Program, School of Public and EnvironmentalAffairs, Indiana University.1972 January – August 1972: Fellow in Higher Education Finance Administration, University ofNorth Carolina System.1971–1972: Associate Professor of Political Science (tenure), Syracuse University.1970–1972: Associate Director, Metropolitan Studies Program, Maxwell School, SyracuseUniversity.1967–1971: Assistant Professor of Political Science, Maxwell School, Syracuse University.1964–1966: Lecturer in Government and Politics, the University of Maryland.1962–1964: Lecturer in Public Administration, University of Southern California.1960–1961: Research Assistant, Bureau of Governmental Research, University of California atLos Angeles.

1960: Intern, Los Angeles County.[7]

Publications

Recent publications

Up the Bureaucracy: A True and Faultless Guide to Organizational Success and the FurtherAdventures of Knute and Thor by H. George Frederickson. Lawrence, KS: Better BureaucracyPress. 2005Public Administration with an Attitude by H. George Frederickson. Washington, DC: AmericanSociety for Public Administration. 2005Ethics in Public Administration by Richard K. Ghere and H. George Frederickson, editors.

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Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2005The Adapted City: Institutional Dynamics and Structural Change by H. George Frederickson,Gary A. Johnson, and Curtis H. Wood. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. 2003The Public Administration Theory Primer by H. George Frederickson and Kevin B. Smith.Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2003

Forthcoming publications

Accountable Governance: Promises and Problems (M. E. Sharpe, forthcoming, 2011) edited byMelvin J. Dubnick and H. George Frederickson

Other publications

To see a complete list of all publications from H. George Frederickson, including other books,monographs, symposia and special issues, articles, book chapters, major speaking, and paperspresented, visit H. George Frederickson's personal website.

References

1. ^ http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/index.htm

2. ^ a b c d http://www.distinguishedprofessors.ku.edu/professor/frederickson-h/frederickson-h.shtml3. ^ http://www.aspanet.org/scriptcontent/index.cfm

4. ^ a b http://bss.sfsu.edu/naff/PA_752/Frederickson.pdf

5. ^ a b c d http://aas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/33/6/610

6. ^ a b http://www.jstor.org/pss/31101687. ^ http://www.ipsr.ku.edu/stafffil/george.shtml

External links

Personal website (http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/)full digital version of Frederickson's Confucius and the Moral Bases of Bureaucracy(http://aas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/33/6/610)digital version of Airport Security, High Reliability, and the Problem of Rationality(http://www.jstor.org/pss/3110168)Internet version of Up The Bureaucracy(http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/documents/UpTheBureaucracy050205v.3.doc)Table of Contents of Public Administration with an Attitude(http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/documents/attitude_toc.pdf)Table of Contents of Ethics in Public Administration (http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/ethics-toc1.htm)Table of Contents of The Adapted City: Institutional Dynamics and Structural Change

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(http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/adapcitycont-ir.htm)Table of Contents of The Public Administration Theory Primer(http://www.people.ku.edu/~gfred/paprimer-toc.htm)Internet version of the Introduction and Table of Contents of Accountable Governance: Promisesand Problems (http://mjdubnick.dubnick.net/pubsrw/2010/acctgovintro.html)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H._George_Frederickson&oldid=612550618"Categories: Living people University of Kansas faculty Brigham Young University alumniUniversity of California, Los Angeles alumni University of Southern California alumniPublic administration scholars

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9/8/2014 Robert A. Dahl -- Britannica School

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Reading Level

Alternate titles: Robert Alan Dahl

Robert A. Dahl, in full Robert Alan Dahl , (born December 17, 1915, Inwood, Iowa, U.S.—died February 5,

2014, Hamden, Connecticut), American political scientist and educator. A leading theorist of political

pluralism, Dahl stressed the role in politics played by associations, groups, and organizations.

Dahl was a graduate of the University of Washington (A.B., 1936) and obtained a Ph.D. from Yale

University in 1940. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II and was awarded the Bronze Star

(with cluster) for distinguished service. After the war, Dahl returned to Yale, where he taught until 1986.

He subsequently became Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Senior Research Scientist

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Roald Dahl

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Sociology.

In The Concept of Power (1957), his first major contribution to the field of political science, Dahl developed

an operational definition of power that was frequently cited as an important (though incomplete) insight

into the phenomenon. According to Dahl, “A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do

something that B would not otherwise do.” Dahl gave as an example a professor threatening a student

with a failing grade if he did not read a certain book during the holidays. In this case, the amount of

power held by the professor can be conceived as the difference between the probability that the student

would read the book before receiving the threat and the probability that he would read it after receiving

the threat. Dahl argued that his definition could be used to compare the power of political actors in a

given sphere—for instance, the influence of different U.S. senators on questions of foreign policy. Critics,

such as the social theorist Steven Lukes, argued that Dahl’s definition failed to capture other important

dimensions of power, such as the capacity of an actor to shape the norms and values held by others.

In his best-known work, “Who Governs?: Democracy and Power in an American City” (1961), a study of

power dynamics in New Haven, Connecticut, Dahl argued that political power in the United States is

pluralistic. He thus rebutted power-elite theorists such as C. Wright Mills and Floyd Hunter, who had

described the United States as a country ruled by a small group of interconnected individuals occupying

key positions of power. In his study, Dahl found that while power was distributed unequally in New

Haven, it was also dispersed among a number of groups in competition with each other, rather than

monopolized by a single elite group.

Dahl introduced the term polyarchy to characterize American politics and other political systems that are

open, inclusive, and competitive (“Polyarchy”, 1971). The concept allowed him to make a distinction

between an ideal system of democracy and institutional arrangements that approximate this ideal. Thus,

polyarchies are based on the principle of representative rather than direct democracy and therefore

constitute a form of minority rule, yet they are also (imperfectly) democratized systems that limit the

power of elite groups through institutions such as regular and free elections.

Despite his critique of elite-power theory, Dahl was faulted after the publication of “Who Governs?” for

underestimating the importance of broad-based civic participation. Indeed, in “Who Governs?” Dahl had

argued that democracy does not require mass participation and in fact rests on the consent of a

relatively apathetic population. Later, in “Democracy and Its Critics” (1989), he recognized the value of an

active citizenry and associated polyarchy with political rights such as freedom of expression and

association.

Dahl was the author of scores of important papers and several books. The latter include, in addition to

those mentioned above, A Preface to Democratic Theory (1956); “After the Revolution?: Authority in a Good

Society” (1970); “Size and Democracy” (1973), coauthored with Edward R. Tufte; “A Preface to Economic

Democracy” (1985); “On Democracy” (1998); and “How Democratic Is the American Constitution?” (2001).

He served as president of the American Political Science Association (1966–67) and was a member of

numerous research organizations and learned societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, the

American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the British Academy.

André Munro

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9/8/2014 Robert A. Dahl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Robert A. DahlBorn Robert Alan Dahl

December 17, 1915Inwood, Iowa, U.S.

Died February 5, 2014 (aged 98)Hamden, Connecticut, U.S.

Education Yale University

Occupation Political scientist, professor

Robert A. DahlFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Robert Alan Dahl (December 17, 1915 – February 5,2014) was the Sterling Professor emeritus of politicalscience at Yale University, where he earned his Ph.D.in political science in 1940. He was past president ofthe American Political Science Association. Dahl wassometimes described as "the dean of Americanpolitical scientists".[1] His research focused on thenature of democracy in actual institutions, such asAmerican cities. His influential early books includedA Preface to Democratic Theory (1956), Whogoverns?: Democracy and power in an American city(1961) and Pluralist Democracy in the United States(1967) all presented pluralistic explanations of who rules in America, arguing that many competinggroups shared power. He died in 2014, aged 98.[2][3]

Contents

1 Writings2 Influence terms3 Democracy and polyarchies4 Prizes5 Criticism6 Bibliography7 Works on Dahl and his research8 References9 Sources10 External links

Writings

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he was involved in an academic disagreement with C. Wright Millsover the nature of politics in the United States. Mills held that America's governments are in the grasp ofa unitary and demographically narrow power elite. Dahl responded that there are many different elitesinvolved, who have to work both in contention and in compromise with one another. If this is notdemocracy in a populist sense, Dahl contended, it is at least polyarchy (or pluralism). In perhaps his bestknown work, Who Governs? (1961), he examines the power structures (both formal and informal) in thecity of New Haven, Connecticut, as a case study, and finds that it supports this view.[4]

From the late 1960s onwards, his conclusions were challenged by scholars such as G. William Domhoffand Charles E. Lindblom (a friend and colleague of Dahl).[5][6]

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In How Democratic Is the American Constitution? (2001) Dahl argued that the constitution is much lessdemocratic than it ought to be given that its authors were operating from a position of "profoundignorance" about the future. However, he adds that there is little or nothing that can be done about this"short of some constitutional breakdown, which I neither foresee nor, certainly, wish for." [7]

Influence terms

One of Robert Dahl’s many contributions is his explication of the varieties of power, which he defines as“A” getting “B” to do what “A” wants. Dahl prefers the more neutral “influence terms,” (Michael G.Roskin) which he arrayed on a scale from best to worst:

1. Rational Persuasion, the nicest form of influence, means telling the truth and explaining whysomeone should do something, like your doctor convincing you to stop smoking.

2. Manipulative persuasion, a notch lower, means lying or misleading to get someone to dosomething.

3. Inducement still lower, means offering rewards or punishments to get someone to do something,i.e. like bribery.

4. Power threatens severe punishment, such as jail or loss of job.5. Coercion is power with no way out; you have to do it.6. Physical force – is backing up coercion with use or threat of bodily harm.

Thus, we can tell which governments are best; the ones that use influence at the higher end of the scale.The worst use the unpleasant forms of influence at the lower end.

Democracy and polyarchies

See also main article on polyarchy

In his book, Democracy and Its Critics (1989), Dahl clarifies his view about democracy. No moderncountry meets the ideal of democracy, which is as a theoretical utopia. To reach the ideal requiresmeeting five criteria:[8]

1. Effective participationCitizens must have adequate and equal opportunities to form their preference and place questionson the public agenda and express reasons for one outcome over the other.

2. Voting equality at the decisive stageEach citizen must be assured his or her judgments will be counted as equal in weights to thejudgments of others.

3. Enlightened understandingCitizens must enjoy ample and equal opportunities for discovering and affirming what choicewould best serve their interests.

4. Control of the agendaDemos or people must have the opportunity to decide what political matters actually are and what

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should be brought up for deliberation.5. Inclusiveness

Equality must extend to all citizens within the state. Everyone has legitimate stake within thepolitical process.

Instead, he calls politically advanced countries "polyarchies". Polyarchies have elected officials, free andfair elections, inclusive suffrage, rights to run for office, freedom of expression, alternative informationand associational autonomy. Those institutions are a major advance in that they create multiple centersof political power.[9]

Prizes

Dahl was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 1995.[3]

Criticism

Sociologist G. William Domhoff strongly disagrees with Dahl's view of power in New Haven, CTin the 1960s: "Who Really Ruled in Dahl's New Haven?"(http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/new_haven.html)Political philosopher Charles Blattberg has criticized Dahl's attempt to define democracy with aset of necessary and sufficient conditions.

Bibliography

The most well-known of Dahl's works include:

1953 - Politics, Economics, and Welfare (with Charles E. Lindblom)1956 - A Preface to Democratic Theory (new edition in 2006)1957 - The Concept of Power(http://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/teaching/articles/Dahl_Power_1957.pdf)1957 - Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker1960 - Social science research on business: product and potential1961 - Who Governs?: Democracy and Power in an American City1963 - Modern Political Analysis1966 - Political oppositions in Western Democracies1968 - Pluralist democracy in the United States : conflict and consent1970 - After the Revolution? : Authority in a good society1971 - Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition1973 - Size and Democracy (with Edward R. Tufte)1983 - Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy: Autonomy vs. Control"Polyarchy, Pluralism, and Scale," Scandinavian Political Studies (1984) 7#4 pp 225–240.1985 - A Preface to Economic Democracy

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1985 - Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy versus Guardianship1989 - Democracy and Its Critics1997 - Toward Democracy - a Journey: Reflections, 1940-19971998 - On Democracy2002 - How Democratic Is the American Constitution?2003 - The Democracy Sourcebook. (An anthology edited by Robert A. Dahl, Ian Shapiro andJosé Antonio Cheibub)2005 - After The Gold Rush2006 - On Political Equality

Works on Dahl and his research

Morriss, Peter. "Power in New Haven: A Reassessment of ‘Who Governs?’," British Journal ofPolitical Science (1972) 2#4 pp 457-465.Shapiro, Ian, and Grant Reeher, eds Power, Inequality, and Democratic Politics: Essays in Honorof Robert A. Dahl (Westview Press, 1988)Interview by Richard Snyder: "Robert A. Dahl: Normative Theory, Empirical Research andDemocracy," pp. 113–49, in Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, Passion, Craft, and Methodin Comparative Politics (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007).

References

1. ^ Campbell, John C. "Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy Versus Guardianship"(http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/39973/john-c-campbell/controlling-nuclear-weapons-democracy-versus-guardianship). Retrieved February 7, 2014.

2. ^ Robert Dahl, Sterling Professor Emeritus in Political Science, passes away.(http://politicalscience.yale.edu/news/robert-dahl-sterling-professor-emeritus-political-science-passes-away)

3. ^ a b Martin, Douglas (February 8, 2014). "Robert A. Dahl, defined politics and power; at 98"(http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/08/us/politics/robert-a-dahl-dies-at-98-defined-politics-and-power.html?ref=obituaries). The New York Times.

4. ^ Heinz Eulau, "Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. By Robert A. Dahl," AmericanPolitical Science Review (1962) 56#1 pp 144-145.

5. ^ G. William Domhoff, Who really rules?: New Haven and community power reexamined (TransactionBooks, 1978).

6. ^ David Vogel, Fluctuating fortunes: The political power of business in America (2003)7. ^ Robert Alan Dahl (2003). How Democratic is the American Constitution? (http://books.google.com/books?

id=k0jCO_FMbFYC&pg=PA144). Yale UP. p. 144.8. ^ R.A. Dahl, Democracy and Its Critics, Yale University Press, p.2219. ^ R.A. Dahl, Democracy and Its Critics, Yale University Press, p.222

Sources

9/8/2014 Robert A. Dahl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Dahl 5/5

Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, Jones. (2008). Political Science: An Introduction, (10th Edition). NewJersey. ISBN 0-13-242576-9Jeong Chun Hai @Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2007). Principles of Public Administration:An Introduction. Kuala Lumpur: Karisma Publications. ISBN 978-983-195-253-5

External links

Robert A. Dahl (http://politicalscience.yale.edu/people/robert-dahl) in the Yale Universitywebsite.Robert A. Dahl (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149747/Robert-A-Dahl) in theEncyclopædia Britannica.Annual Reviews Conversations Interview with Robert A. Dahl(http://www.annualreviews.org/page/audio#dahl) (video)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Dahl&oldid=613776870"Categories: 1915 births 2014 deaths American political scientists American political theoristsYale University alumni Yale University faculty Public administration scholarsMembers of the United States National Academy of Sciences Guggenheim Fellows

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Reading Level

Frank J. Goodnow, in full Frank Johnson Goodnow, (born January 18, 1859, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—

died November 15, 1939, Baltimore, Maryland), educator, long-time president of Johns Hopkins

University, Baltimore, and political scientist known for his contributions to the study of public

administration.

Goodnow earned his law degree at Columbia University (1882) and, after a year of study in Paris and

Berlin, taught administrative law at Columbia (1883–1914). He served on the commission to redraft the

charter of New York City in 1900. A principal founder of the American Political Science Association in

1903, he served as its president in 1904–05. He went to Baltimore in 1914 to head Johns Hopkins

University. During his administration (1914–29) the enrollment and assets of the university increased

fourfold. The medical school was expanded, an institute of ophthalmology was established, and

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Frank Johnson Goodnow Ph.D., LL.B.

Born Frank Johnson Goodnow18 January 1859Brooklyn, New York, USA

Died 15 November 1939

Occupation President of Johns HopkinsUniversity

Nationality American

Education Ph.D, LL.B. Columbia University

Alma mater Humboldt University of Berlin

Period 1893–1914

Spouse Elizabeth Buchanan (1886–1939)

Children 3

Frank Johnson GoodnowFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frank Johnson Goodnow, Ph.D., LL.B. (January 18,1859 – November 15, 1939) was an Americaneducator and legal scholar, born in Brooklyn, NewYork.

Contents

1 Personal life2 Education3 Career4 Modern Day Award5 Bibliography6 References

Personal life

He married Elizabeth Buchanan (Lyall) in 1886 andhad 3 children: Isabel C. (Mrs. E. Kendall Gillett),David F. and Lois R. (Mrs. John V. A. MacMurray).

Education

After private schooling he graduated from AmherstCollege (A.B.) in 1879 and from Columbia LawSchool (LL.B.) in 1882. At Columbia, in addition tosuch subjects essential for admission to the Bar, hetook courses in public law and jurisprudence offeredin the recently organized School of Political Science.Late in 1882 he was offered a position in the Schoolof Political Science on the condition that he prepare himself with a year of study abroad. He studied atthe Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques in Paris and at the University of Berlin.

Career

Goodnow took up his teaching in October 1884 at Columbia, giving some instruction in History as wellas in United States Administrative Law.

Made Adjunct Professor in 1887, Goodnow became Professor of Administrative Law in 1891, and in1903 Eaton Professor of Administrative Law and Municipal Science. He became the first president ofthe American Political Science Association in 1903. Governor Theodore Roosevelt made him a member

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of the commission to draft a new charter for Greater New York, and President Taft chose him as amember of his Commission on Economy and Efficiency.

In October 1912 he accepted, on the recommendation of the Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace, the commission of constitutional adviser to the Chinese Government which took him to China inMarch 1913. During the years 1913–1914 he served as legal adviser to the Yuan Shikai government inChina. Yuan had hired Goodnow at the recommendation of Charles Eliot, a former president of Harvard

University, and had tasked him with drafting a new constitution.Between 1913 and 1915, Goodnow wrote two versions of theconstitution. The first effectively made Yuan president for life, andgranted him sweeping powers over the budget and foreign policy.The second version, completed in 1915, would have made Yuanemperor had he not died soon thereafter.[1][2] Goodnow becameknown for his assertion that the Chinese people were not matureenough for a democratic form of government—a position that waslater utilized by Yuan, as he attempted to proclaim himself theEmperor of China in 1915-6.

In 1914 he became the third president of Johns Hopkins University.At Hopkins, he is best remembered for his attempt to eliminate thebachelor's degree by cutting the first two years of undergraduatework. He is considered an important early scholar in the field ofpublic administration and administrative law, as well as an expert ingovernment. Goodnow argued for the centrality of law in publicadministration. (Other public administration theorists have arguedthat other non-legal values ought to guide civil servants.)[3]

Goodnow resigned the Johns Hopkins University Presidency in 1929, but thereafter frequently gavegraduate lectures in his special subjects. He was for some time a regent of the University of Marylandand a member of the Board of School Commissioners of Baltimore.

Modern Day Award

The Frank J. Goodnow Award for Distinguished Service was established in 1996 to recognizeindividuals who have made outstanding contributions to both the development of the political scienceprofession and the building of the American Political Science Association.

Bibliography

Comparative administrative Law (1893)Municipal Problems (1897)Politics and Administration (1900)City Government in the United States (1905)Principles of the Administrative Laws of the United States (1905)Social Reform and the Constitution (1911)Principles of Constitutional Government (1916)

He was editor of:

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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to FrankJohnson Goodnow.

Selected Cases on the Law of Taxation (1905)Selected Cases on Government and Administration (1906)Social Reforms and the Constitution (1914)

References

1. ^ The Economist, "Embarrassed meritocrats: Westerners who laud a Chinese meritocracy continue to missthe point" (http://www.economist.com/news/china/21565228-westerners-who-laud-chinese-meritocracy-continue-miss-point-embarrassed-meritocrats), 27 October 2012.

2. ^ Chenghua Guan, "The Color of Innovation is East Crimson" (http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/cguan/), HarvardLaw blogs, 13 October 2012

3. ^ Laurence E. Lynn, Restoring the Rule of Law to Public Administration: What Frank Goodnow Got Rightand Leonard White Didn't (http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122574525/PDFSTART),Public Administration Review, September/October 2009, pp. 803–812. Retrieved on 2009-09-23.

Pugach, Noel. "Embarrassed Monarchist: Frank J.Goodnow and Constitutional Development in China,1913–1915." The Pacific Historical Review 42, no. 4(1973): 499–517. Available via JSTOR.The Baltimore Museum of Art. Annual 1 The Museum: It's First Half Century (Baltimore,Maryland: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1966),46.

Educational offices

Preceded byFirst

President of the American PoliticalScience Association

1903–1904

Succeeded byAlbert Shaw

</noinclude>

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Johnson_Goodnow&oldid=595652524"Categories: 1859 births 1939 deaths Amherst College alumni American book editorsAmerican historians American legal writers American political writersColumbia University alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni People from BrooklynPresidents of Johns Hopkins University Public administration scholars

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international studies and legal research were developed.

As a scholar, Goodnow stressed the study of the governmental mechanism; earlier political science had

been limited largely to examining constitutional features. In his most noted work, Politics and

Administration (1900), he showed how the popular will is articulated from administration, in which

expertise and hierarchy work to fulfill that will. The book influenced U.S. public administration for a half

century and contributed to bureaucratic reform.

Other works by Goodnow include Comparative Administrative Law (1893), Municipal Home Rule: A Study in

Administration (1895), Social Reform and the Constitution (1911), The American Conception of Liberty and

Government (1916), and China: An Analysis (1926).

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9/8/2014 Charles E. Lindblom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Charles E. LindblomBorn March 21, 1917Citizenship AmericanFields PoliticsInstitutions Yale UniversityKnown for work on numerous political theoriesInfluences Robert A. DahlInfluenced Robert A. Dahl

Charles E. LindblomFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Charles Edward Lindblom (born March 21, 1917[1]

) is a Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political Scienceand Economics at Yale University. He is a formerpresident of the American Political ScienceAssociation and the Association for ComparativeEconomic Studies and also a former director of Yale'sInstitution for Social and Policy Studies.

Contents

1 Academic work2 Select bibliography3 References4 External links

Academic work

Lindblom is one of the early developers and advocates of the theory of Incrementalism in policy anddecision-making. This view (also called Gradualism) takes a "baby-steps", "Muddling Through" or"Echternach Theory" approach to decision-making processes. In it, policy change is, under mostcircumstances, evolutionary rather than revolutionary. He came to this view through his extensivestudies of Welfare policies and Trade Unions throughout the industrialized world. These views are setout in two articles, separated by 20 years: "The Science Of 'Muddling Through'" (1959) and “StillMuddling, Not yet through” (1979), both published in Public Administration Review.

Together with his friend, colleague and fellow Yale professor Robert A. Dahl, Lindblom was achampion of the Polyarchy (or Pluralistic) view of political elites and governance in the late 1950s andearly 1960s. According to this view, no single, monolithic elite controls government and society, butrather a series of specialized elites compete and bargain with one another for control. It is this peacefulcompetition and compromise between elites in politics and the marketplace that drives free-marketdemocracy and allows it to thrive.

However, Lindblom soon began to see the shortcomings of Polyarchy with regards to democraticgovernance. When certain groups of elites gain crucial advantages, become too successful and begin tocollude with one another instead of compete, Polyarchy can easily turn into Corporatism.

In his best known work, Politics And Markets (1977), Lindblom notes the "Privileged position ofbusiness in Polyarchy". He also introduces the concept of "circularity", or "controlled volitions" where"even in the democracies, masses are persuaded to ask from elites only what elites wish to give them."Thus any real choices and competition are limited. Worse still, any development of alternative choicesor even any serious discussion and consideration of them is effectively discouraged.

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An example of this is the political party system in the United States, which is almost completelydominated by two powerful parties that often reduce complex issues and decisions down to two simplechoices. Related to this is the concurrent concentration of the U.S. mass communications media into anOligopoly, which effectively controls who gets to participate in the national dialogue and who suffers acensorship of silence.

Politics And Markets provoked a wide range of critical reactions that extended beyond the realms ofacademia. The Mobil Corporation took out a full page ad in the New York Times to denounce it.[2] Thishelped the book achieve greater notoriety, which in turn helped it get onto the New York Times' BestSeller list (a rarity for a scholarly work). Due to his criticism of democratic capitalism and polyarchy,and also for his seeming praise for the political-economy of Tito's Yugoslavia, Lindblom was (perhapspredictably) labeled a "Closet Communist" and a "Creeping Socialist" by conservative critics in thewest. Ironically, Marxist and Communist critics chided him for not going far enough. Originally, Dahl,too, disagreed with many of Lindblom's observations and conclusions; but in a recent work HowDemocratic Is the American Constitution? he also has become critical of polyarchy in general and itsU.S. form in particular.

In The Market System: What It Is, How It Works, and What to Make of It (2001), Lindblom eloquentlyechoed and expanded upon many of his concerns raised in Politics And Markets. The most important ofthese is that while the Market System is the best mechanism yet devised for creating and fosteringwealth and innovation, it is not very efficient at assigning non-economic values and distributing social oreconomic justice.

Select bibliography

The Market System: what it is, how it works, and what to make of it, Yale University Press, 2001.The Policy-Making Process, 3rd. ed. with Edward J. Woodhouse, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1993.The Policy-Making Process, 2nd edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1984.Usable Knowledge: Social Science and Social Problem Solving with David K. Cohen, YaleUniversity Press, 1979Still Muddling, not yet through. Public Administration Review, 39, pp. 517–526, 1979.Politics and Markets: The World's Political-Economic Systems, New York: Basic, 1977.Politics, economics, and welfare : planning and politico-economic systems resolved into basicsocial processes, with Robert A. Dahl ; with a new pref. by the authors. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1976.The Intelligence of Democracy, Free Press, 1965.A Strategy of Decision: policy evaluation as a social process, with David Braybrooke. Free Press,1963.The Science Of 'Muddling Through'. Public Administration Review, 19, pp. 79–88, 1959.

References

1. ^ "California, Birth Index, 1905-1995" (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V258-R1S). Retrieved 2August 2013.

9/8/2014 Charles E. Lindblom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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2. ^ Mobil Corporation, 'Business and Pluralism,' New York Times, 9 February 1978, A21

External links

Yale Faculty Biography (http://www.yale.edu/polisci/people/clindblom.html)Making Moral Sense of the Market: A Presbyterian minister's perspective on Lindblom(http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=2143)A concise but complete summary of Lindblom's The Policy Making Process(http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/lindpoli.htm)Text of: Still muddling through(http://www.archonfung.net/docs/temp/LindlblomStillMuddling1979.pdf)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Lindblom&oldid=601416604"Categories: American political scientists American political theorists Yale University faculty1917 births Living people Guggenheim Fellows

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9/8/2014 Vincent Ostrom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Vincent A. OstromBorn September 25, 1919

Died June 29, 2012[1] (aged 92)

Nationality United States

Institution Indiana University

Field Public economicsPolitical economics

School/tradition Polycentric political economy

Alma mater University of California, LosAngeles (B.A., M.A., Ph.D)

Contributions 120+ peer-reviewed publications

Vincent OstromFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vincent A. Ostrom (September 25, 1919 – June 29,2012) an American political economist and theFounding Director of the Workshop in PoliticalTheory and Policy Analysis(http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/), based atIndiana University and the Arthur F. BentleyProfessor Emeritus of Political Science.[2] He and hiswife, the economist Elinor Ostrom, made numerouscontributions to the field of political science.

The Ostroms made particular study of fragmentationtheory, rational choice theory, federalism, common-pool resources and polycentrism in government,basing much of his research on the work of early 20thcentury political economists Frank Knight, Ludwigvon Mises and Friedrich von Hayek.[3] The Journal ofEconomic Behavior and Organization(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505559/description#description)published a special issue, "Polycentric Political Economy: A Festschrift for Elinor and Vincent Ostrom",as the proceedings of a 2003 conference held in their honor, at the Mercatus Center at George MasonUniversity.[4]

Contents

1 Education and personal life2 Career3 Research4 Awards5 Publications6 References7 External links

Education and personal life

Vincent A. Ostrom graduated from Mount Baker High School (http://www.mtbaker.wednet.edu/mbhs)in Deming, Washington (1937), and attended Los Angeles City College (1938–1940). He received aB.A. in political science (1942) and a M.A (1945) from the University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA). He received his Ph.D from UCLA in political science in 1950. He was married to politicalscientist Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012) from 1963 until her death, which occurred shortly before hisown.[5]

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Career

Ostrom came to Indiana University in 1964 as a Professor of Political Science and co-founded theWorkshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis (http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/) with his wifeand colleague, Elinor Ostrom. The Workshop is committed to the collaborative engagement of faculty,students, and scholars, with a mission of advancing "the interdisciplinary study of institutions,incentives, and behavior as they relate to policy-relevant applications."[6] Research focuses onpolycentrism, common-pool resources, and the roles of self-governance and collective action.[3] Earlierin his career, Ostrom had held faculty positions at the University of Wyoming, the University of Oregon,and UCLA. He was a key consultant to the Alaska Constitutional Convention (1955–56) in the draftingof the Natural Resource Article (http://ltgov.alaska.gov/services/constitution.php?section=8) of theConstitution of Alaska, which mandated that the state's resources were to be a public trust.[7]

Ostrom served on the editorial board for journals such as American Political Science Review (1957–1960), Public Administration Review (Editor-in-Chief, 1963–1966), Publius: The Journal of Federalism(1972–2005), Constitutional Political Economy (1989–present), and International Journal ofOrganization Theory and Behavior (1997–2006).[8]

Research

Ostrom's work can be summarized as seeking to understand the decision-making process of individualsand the balance between group and individual interests. This study involves attention to what driveshuman behavior (altruism or self-interest), the effect of institutions and rules on individual and groupbehavior, and how institutions transform and are transformed by individuals.[9]

Ostrom co-developed (with Charles Tiebout and Robert Warren) and refined the concept ofpolycentricity in public administration – or multiple, formally independent decision-making centerswithin a system of government.[10] He proposed that quasi-market conditions (i.e. competition) betweendecision centers would increase flexibility and responsiveness. In contrast to hierarchical frameworks,polycentrism removes government from the focal point of ultimate knowledge and authority.[11]

Ostrom was recognized for advancing rational choice theory and democratic administration not only as ameans for understanding bureaucratic behavior and the provision of public services, but as a distincttheory of public administration.[12] Rational choice theory of administration, Ostrom argued, provides abalance and foundation for public administration based on the democratic principles of the U.S.Constitution. In his 1973 book, The Intellectual Crisis in Public Administration,[13] Ostrom outlines hisobservation of a breaking down of the intellectual foundation of public administration as formulated byWoodrow Wilson,[14] concisely, the concentration of power centers in government and the separation ofthe will of the state (policy) from administration. He noted increases in citizen involvement in decisionprocesses and the broad diffusion of power. A democratic administration has a more heterogeneous,"bottom, up" character in contrast with ordered, trickle-down hierarchies. Ostrom considered thehierarchical order, accountable to a single center of power, less capable of serving the diverse needsamong citizens and coping with diverse conditions, and less cost efficient than a polycentricadministration. Fragmentation of authority among decision centers within a jurisdiction and theoverlapping of jurisdictional authority are key to advancing human welfare and a stable politicalorder.[15][16]

Awards

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Ostrom was honored for his excellence and contributions to the field of public policy:

1991 – The Daniel Elazar Distinguished Scholar Award from the American Political ScienceAssociation for his lifetime of contributions to the study of federalism and intergovernmentalrelations.1999 – The Martha Derthick Best Book Award from the American Political Science Association,which is awarded for books published at least ten years prior with lasting contributions to thestudy of federalism and intergovernmental relations. Note: See Publications.2003 – The Robert O. Anderson Sustainable Arctic Award from the Institute of the North(http://www.institutenorth.org) for his contributions in drafting the Natural Resource Article(http://ltgov.alaska.gov/services/constitution.php?section=8) of the Alaskan Constitution(http://ltgov.alaska.gov/services/constitution.php).2003 – The Lifetime Achievement Award from the Atlas Economic Research Foundation for hiscontributions to the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis(http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/) (co-recipient with Elinor Ostrom).2005 – The John Gaus Distinguished Lecturer Award from the American Political ScienceAssociation for his lifetime of exemplary scholarship in political science and publicadministration.2010 – Co-recipient (with Elinor Ostrom) of The University Medal (2010), Indiana University.

Publications

Ostrom has written extensively on topics such as water usage policy, political economy, federalism,metropolitan government, and public choice. His list of publications(http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/people/vincent_ostrom.pdf) include greater than 120 journalarticles, chapters in books and proceedings, monographs, and books. A selection is noted below:

Water and Politics: A Study of Water Policies and Administration in the Development of LosAngeles. Los Angeles: The Haynes Foundation (http://www.haynesfoundation.org), 1953“A Behavioral Approach to the Study of Intergovernmental Relations” with Elinor Ostrom. TheAnnals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 359 (May 1965), pp. 137–46Understanding Urban Government: Metropolitan Reform Reconsidered with Robert Bish.Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1973“Religion and the Constitution of the American Political System”. Emory Law Journal 39(1)(Winter 1990), pp. 165–90The Meaning of American Federalism: Constituting a Self-Governing Society. San Francisco:Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, 1991“Epistemic Choice and Public Choice.” Public Choice 77(1) (September 1993), pp. 163–76“The Quest for Meaning in Public Choice,” with Elinor Ostrom. The American Journal ofEconomics and Sociology 63(1) (January 2004): pp. 105–47 Online(http://www.blackwellsynergy.com/servlet/useragent?

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func=synergy&synergyAction=showTOC&journalCode=ajes&volume=63&issue=1&year=2004&part=null.)The Political Theory of a Compound Republic: Designing the American Experiment. 3rd ed.Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008 [1st ed. 1971; 2nd ed. 1987]The Intellectual Crisis in American Public Administration ([1973] 2008)The Meaning of Democracy and the Vulnerability of Democracies (1997)Rethinking Institutional Analysis and Development ([1988] 1993, with David Feeny and HartmutPicht)Local Government in the United States (1988, with Robert Bish and Elinor Ostrom)The Quest to Understand Human Affairs: Natural Resources Policy and Essays on Communityand Collective Choice, vol. 1 (2011, edited by Barbara Allen)The Quest to Understand Human Affairs: Essays on Collective, Constitutional, and EpistemicChoice, vol. 2 (2012, edited by Barbara Allen)

References

1. ^ New, Jake. "Shortly after death of wife, Vincent Ostrom dies" (http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=87656). Indiana Daily Student. Retrieved 2012-07-06.

2. ^ "Vincent A. Ostrom" (http://www.indiana.edu/~alldrp/members/ostromv.html). Indiana.edu. Retrieved2012-07-06.

3. ^ a b (2005) P. J. Boettke and C. J. Coyne. Methodological individualism, spontaneous order and the researchprogram of the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior andOrganization, Vol.57 (2), pp. 145–158.

4. ^ (2005) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 57 (2)5. ^ Telegraph obituary of Elinor Ostrom (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9329881/Elinor-

Ostrom.html)6. ^ "The Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis"

(http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/about/mission.php). Indiana.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-06.7. ^ Elizabeth Bluemink. "Pioneering Nobel Prize winner influenced Alaska"

(http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/story/971399.html). Adn.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.8. ^ Vincent Ostrom profile at Indiana University website

(http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/people/vincent_ostrom.pdf)9. ^ C. C. Gibson. In pursuit of better policy outcomes. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.

57 (2), pp. 227–230. (2005)10. ^ (1961) V. Ostrom, C. M. Tiebout, and R. Warren. The organization of government in metropolitan areas: a

theoretical inquiry. American Political Science Review, Vol. 55, pp. 831–842.11. ^ (2005) R. E. Wagner. "Self-governance, polycentrism, and federalism: recurring themes in Vincent

Ostrom's scholarly oeuvre." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 57 (2), pp. 173–188.12. ^ (2003) H. G. Frederickson and K. B. Smith. The Public Administration Theory Primer. Westview Press:

Boulder, Colorado, 279p.13. ^ (1973) V. Ostrom. The Intellectual Crisis in American Public Administration. University of Alabama

Press: Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

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Wikiquote has quotationsrelated to: Vincent Ostrom

External links

"Shortly after death of wife, Vincent Ostrom dies", by JakeNew, July 1, 2012, The Indiana Daily Student(http://www.idsnews.com/news/story.aspx?id=87656)Announcement of Death by Indiana University(http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/22741.html)Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis (http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Ostrom&oldid=619154117"Categories: 1919 births 2012 deaths American academics American political scientistsPublic economists Public economics University of California, Los Angeles alumniUniversity of Wyoming faculty University of Oregon faculty Indiana University faculty

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14. ^ (1887) W. Wilson. The study of administration. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 2 (2), pp. 197–222.15. ^ (1973) V. Ostrom. The Intellectual Crisis in American Public Administration. University of Alabama

Press: Tuscaloosa, Alabama.16. ^ (1977) R.T. Golembiewski. A critique of "Democratic Organization" and its supporting ideation. The

American Political Science Review. Vol. 71 (4), pp. 1488–1507.