They played an important role in the history of the world’s voyage.

How many continents are there in the world? What are they?

There are seven continents in the world. They are Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica

When Captain James Cook landed in New Zealand , he claimed that Great Britain take possession of it in the name of the Queen of England.

take possession of… 把…占为己有 , 占领 , 夺取 e.g. Don’t take possession of the wallet,though

you picked it up in the street. Because they are equipped with strong arms, the

y can take possession of the land.e.g. the street is equipped with green trees. in the name of … 以… 名义 , 代表… e.g. The police arrested him in the name of the la

w.

Unit 2Unit 2 Unit 2Unit 2 Crossing LimitsCrossing Limits

What do you know about the Silk Road?

The “Silk road” began from Chang’an, the city of Xi’an now, along the Gansu Corridor（通道） , then to West Asia and Europe. Through the silk road, China got in touch with some other countries over land.

Fast reading the first paragraph!What can you get?

1. Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation for mankind’s greatest endeavor.

2. Marco Polo’s stories to search for sea routes to the distant Asia.

3. The brave merchants were the real explorers of the Western Ocean.

there are 9 paragraphs and four Dynasties in the Dynasties in the text, but we can divide these paragraphs into 3 text, but we can divide these paragraphs into 3 part by these dynasties besides paragraph 1.part by these dynasties besides paragraph 1.

paragraph dynasty

Para 2 Han Dynasty

Para 3-5Para 3-5Tang and Song Tang and Song DynastyDynasty

Para 6-9Para 6-9 Ming DynastyMing Dynasty

scanning

1.1. How did people of the Han Dynasty know about How did people of the Han Dynasty know about Africa and have books about the kingdoms on theAfrica and have books about the kingdoms on the African coast and the Red Sea?African coast and the Red Sea?

The merchants of Han Dynasty traveled to Ceylon The merchants of Han Dynasty traveled to Ceylon by the Silk Road, where they met with Arab by the Silk Road, where they met with Arab merchants and heard about the westernmost landsmerchants and heard about the westernmost lands (Africa).(Africa).

scanning

2. How did Du Huan know so much about Centra How did Du Huan know so much about Central Asian, Arabic and African countries? l Asian, Arabic and African countries?

••taken prisoner by the Arabic armytaken prisoner by the Arabic army• • escaped escaped •• wandered through Arabic countries wandered through Arabic countries on his way back to the motherlandon his way back to the motherland

scanning

3. What’s the route of Zhen He’s treasure fleets?

•The South China Sea----- the Indian Ocean---- the mouth of the Red Sea----the Eastern coast of Africa .

4.What’s the meaning of the exchange of goods between Africans and Chinese?

•The exchange showed the friendship between the two countries.

Careful reading: Fill in the charts.

Period Name Way of travel Goods

Gan Ying

In 751-762In the 11th century

Zheng He

In 97 AD

Over landrhinoceros horns

Du Huan On land and by boat

The Africans

By seaBronze statueof a lion

In 1405-1433

By seaGiraffes, zebras, shells, elephant ivory, gold, spices, silk, rhinoceros-horn, medicine, etc.

Judge the following sentences True or False1.The Europeans were the first Explorers to travel to other countries.2. Accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean were made before the fifteenth century.3. In the years between 1405 and 1433 , Zheng He sailed westwards only on voyages of exploration.4. Zheng He invited African countries to send ambassadors to China.

F

F

F

T

Put the sentences in good order.1.In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the song dynasty.2.Merchants from the Arabic countries began to travel to the Swahili kingdom and the islands off the African coast to trade with them.3.People of the Han Dynasty exchanged silk for spices and glass with Indians and Romans by way of the Silk Road.4. The Chinese traveller, Du Huan, wanderedThrough Arabic countries for about 10 years.5.Christopher Columbus and other European explorers searched for routes to Asia.6. Zheng He made seven voyages and discovered the eastern coast of Africa.

3 2 4 1 6 5

GrammarPredicate

Do Ex.1 on Page 15 and then summarize the different structure of predicate

The basic elements of a sentence:

Subject+Predicate

The predicate can be as follows:

( 1 ) 系动词 + 表语 ( 名词 , 形容词 , 副词 , 不定式 , 分词 . 动名词 , 介词短语 )

( 2 ) 及物动词 + ( 宾语 / 双宾语 / 宾语 + 宾补 )

( 3 ) 不及物动词 + ( 状语 )

( 4 ) 情态动词 + 动词

( 5 ) there be 句型

Summary

１． They _____ ( raise ) ducks as a sideline . 他们以养鸭为副业。２． He ____ ( get ) his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。 ３． If you go to New Zealand, you _________ ( lik

e ) the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。4.She told me that she ______ ( go ) on trip to Eur

ope the next day. 5.They ______( have ) a football match now ．

一般现在时

一般过去时

一般将来时

过去将来时 现在进行时

高考热点 1 动词的时态raise

got

will like

would go

are having

6.When I came to see her last time, she _______ ( write ) an article.

7.By now, I _____ ( collect ) all the data that I need . 8.No sooner______ he ______ ( come ) into the hou

se than the telephone rang. 他刚一进屋，电话铃就响了。

9.I ________ ( wait ) for you for the whole morning. 整个上午我一直在等你。

过去进行时

现在完成时

现在完成进行时

过去完成时

was writing

have collected

had come

have been waiting

高考热点 2

　　一个主语后接几个谓语，用 and 连接．(1) On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the mar

ket, _____ some bananas and visited her cousin.

A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. buy

( 2 ) The wounded boy was taken to a nearby hospital, examined ________ good care of there.

A. to take B. taking

C. to be taken D. and taken

√

√

高考热点 3 句子中时态的呼应 ( 1 ) The report said that the UFO _____ when he saw it. A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel ( 2 ) I have won a holiday for two to Florida. I _____ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken ( 3 ) John and I ____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other for a couple of times before that.

A. had been/ have seen B.have been/have seen C. had been/ had seen D. have been/ had seen

√

√

√

Ex1P14: discover---discovery original---originequip---equipment correct—correctioninspect---inspection evaluate—evaluationpossess—possession contribute—contribution ignore—ignorance competition-competeexist—existence wealthy—wealthaccurate—accuracy royal---royalty

Ex2P14 1. contribute 2. discovery 3. evaluation 4. ignored 5. existed 6. equipment 7. possession 8. inspectEx3 royal treasures set sail command In return

• Unit 2 　 Crossing limits 语篇领悟• 阅读本单元课文，完成下列各题：• 1.Who were （ was ） the earliest explorer （ s ） of the Western

Ocean ？• A.Marco Polo. B.Christopher Columbus.• C.European explorers. D.Brave merchants.2.Through the Silk Road, China got from other countries.• A.spices and glass B.silk• C.weapons D.milk3.An African king gave rhinoceros horns to China in order to .• A.make money B.stop the war • C.show his friendship D.award the Ambassador

√

√

√

• 4.Which of the following became the world’s trading center over a few centuries after Han Dynasty? A.Ceylon. B.India. C.Swanhili kingdoms. D.Egypt.• 5.In Du Huan’s book “Record of My Travels” you can learn about

.• A.Marco Polo B.many foreign countries• C.Christopher Columbus D.ways to make silk• 6.Who does “The Chinese Columbus” refer to?• A.The Ming emperor. B.Du Huan.• C.The Chinese ambassador. D.Zheng He.

√

√

√

• § 主旨大意7.The text is mainly about .A.how the Silk Road was formed B.how China developed trading relations with Arabic countries C.Zheng He’s expeditions across the Indian OceanD.the history of China’s opening to the outside world§ 推理判断• 8.The small bronze statue of a lion found in Shanga most probably came fro

m .• A.China B.Rome• C.Greece D.London

√

√

9.“In the east, China prospered under a new dynasty.”The underlined part

refers to .A.the Han Dynasty B.the Song DynastyC.the Qin Dynasty D.the Ming Dynast10.Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A.Columbus’ exploration was stopped for economic reasons.B.No accurate maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existe

d before Zheng He.C.In the Ming Dynasty China had the most powerful navy in the world. D.The giraffe was an animal that could not be found in China in the Ming Dynasty.

√

√

• Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.(para2)

• exchange…with sb. 与某人交换 • exchange…for 以…交换，与…兑换• in exchange for 交换，调换e.g. Shall I exchange seats with you?• I’ve just bought this tie, but can I exchang

e it for that one? • Can I exchange pounds for dollars here?

EX1P154EX1P1541.evaluate 评价 2. various 各种各样的 3.origin 起源；来源 4.equipped 装备 5.wealthy 富有的 6.wandering 漫游 7. suggested 8. accomplished 实现，完成 9.arise 上升； 10.evidence证据

Ex2P155

1.puzzle puzzles 疑惑 2. commanded 命令 command

3.praised 表扬 praise 4.treasure 珍视 treasure

5.volunteered 自愿 volunteers 6.key key 关键的

7.African 非洲的 African 8.Asian 亚洲的 Asians

Ex3P155 1-5 CAADB

Ex3P157 1. won’t ;will 2.would ;wouldn't 3.can not; can 4. Could ; couldn't 5. may not ;may 6.should ; shouldn't7. mustn't; must 8. had better not ;had better

What is the third pole? Why

•

珠穆朗玛峰全景

珠穆朗玛峰Mount Qomolangma

The mountain was called the third pole

because climbing it is a risk job as

reaching the North and South Poles.

Going High: the pioneers of the third Pole

Climbing the mountain

The climbers who try to conquer the mountain

Fast readingFast reading

Look at the first sentence of every

paragraph and try to guess the main idea.

Para 1

Para2-3

Para4-6

introduce

Difficulties and companions

successors

paragraph1• By the middle of 1920s, Mount Qom

olangma remained to be greatest challenge for human beings.

Do you like climbing the mountains? why?

Apart from the fresh air,

we can enjoy the beautiful scenery.

introductionIn the West, this peak is called Everest .The main peak of the Himalayas, is the highest peak on earth at an altitude of 8848.13 meters.

Apart from….

What shall we need? great skill

courage

equipment

…

Qomolangma

1 Why is it difficult to climb it?

Because it is too high and theair is thin , oxygen is too lowpeople can’t adjust to theseExtreme conditions. StrengthAnd skill are also needed.

II Reading para2-3

2 Who was the first to reach the Mount Qomolangma? Why was it called a challenge?

Edmund Hillary and Sherpa reach the summit on May 29,1953. it is a honor like winning in OLympics

Para 4

埃德蒙·希拉里

1. What did the question arise in later years?

2.What’s Sherpa Tenzing Norgay’s answer?

a great personal achievement

greatest challenges

The question arose who was the first to reach the top

We climbed as a team, period3. Why did they care about who was the first to reach the top very much?

Para 5

1.What evidence does the Chinese team have to prove

that they really reached the summit of Mount

Qomolangma?

2. Were they able to take any photos? Why?

3. What were they praised on their return?

They left an iron container with the national flag and a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong

No. Because it was too dark.

They were praised as national heroes.

Para 6

中国首登珠峰成功的 ( 右起 ) 王富洲、贡布 ( 藏 ) 和屈银华

3How many Chinese reached the summit from 1960 to 1975?

Thirty-two

1975 年 5 月 27 日，我国九名登山运动员从北坡登上珠峰

III Phrases1 除了 还有

2 调节 / 适应3 充当4 依靠5 把 当做

6 用尽7 因某赞扬事某人

1 apart from/in addition to/besides

2 adjust to3 act as4 rely on/depend on5 refer to…as/think of…as/regard…as/treat

…as6 run out of sth7praise sb for sth

IVComplete the sentences

1 _________________ ,They have visitedTianjin and Jinan .除了北京之外 , 他们还参观了天津和济南 .2 The foreigners_______________ life in Ch

ina.外国人已经适应中国的生活 .3 He ___________an English teacher now.他充当一名英语教师 .

Apart from Beijing

have adjusted to

acts as

4 The success of the project ___________ the efforts of all the people.项目的成功依靠大家的努力 .5 We ‘ve _________ him___ a good teacher.我们已经把他看作一名好老师 .6They were out of breather as their strength ____

____他们气喘因为力量耗尽 .7 They _____________________ national heroes他们被称赞为民族英雄 .

relied on

referred to as

had run out

were praised as

• Integrating skills• 1.suggest• vt.• 1. 建议 , 提议 [+v-ing][+(that 虚拟 )][+wh-]• I suggest our going to the park on Sunday. 我建议我们星期天去公园。• The dentist suggested that she (should) come anoth

er day. 牙医建议她改天再来。• 2. 暗示 ; 启发 [+(that 陈述 )]• Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pl

eased. 她面露喜色。• 3. 使人想起 , 使人联想到 [(+to)] That cloud suggests a boat to me. 那朵云使我联想到船。

• 2.accomplish• vt.• 1). 完成 , 实现 , 达到• They didn't accomplish the purpose desired. 他们没有达到预期的目的。• They have accomplished their mission succes

sfully. 他们成功地完成了任务。• 2). 走完 , 度过• She has accomplished 90 years of her life. 她已达九十五高龄。• The journey was accomplished in five weeks. 花了五个礼拜走完全部旅程。

3.Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.=Besides Apart from you, I had no one to talk to.4.refer to1). 查阅，参阅 A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of the words.•2). 指……而言，指的是 I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.•3). 把……称作 (as) Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!

• refer…to• 1). 指导；让……找• Our teacher refers us to many good books.• If he needs any further information, refer him to m

e.• 2). 归功于；归咎于• He referred his success to the good teaching h

e’s had.• 5. run out of/run out vi.• I have run out of my money.• My money has run out.

• 6.arise (arose, arisen) vi.• 1). 升起 , 上升• A heavy mist arose from the lake.• 湖面起了浓雾。• 2). 产生 , 出现 , 形成 [(+from/out of)]• Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of

their experiment. 在他们进行实验的过程中 , 出现了意想不到的困难。• Between the copartners serious disagreemen

ts arose.• 合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。

•7.praise n. 1). 赞扬 , 称赞 [U] I'm sure I don't deserve so much praise. 我肯定自己不值得这么多赞扬。•2). 赞美的话 ,赞词 [P][(+of)]•The praises of his friends made the boy feel very proud•3). 【宗】 (对神的 )赞美 ,崇拜 [U] Let us give praise to God. 让我们赞美神吧。•vt.•1). 赞美 , 表扬 ;歌颂 [(+for)]•The publishers praised his novel pretty highly. 出版商们对他的小说评价甚高。• The mayor praised the boy for his courage. 市长赞扬这个男孩很勇敢。

• 8.volunteer n.[C]• 1). 自愿参加者 ,志愿者 [(+for)][(+to-v)] The volunteers for community service are doing a good job. 社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。• 2). 志愿兵 , 义勇兵 Many Australians fought as volunteers on the Al

lied side. 许多澳大利亚人作为志愿兵与盟军一起战斗。

• vt.• 1). 自愿 ( 做 )[(+to-v)] They volunteered to repair the house for the old lad

y. 他们主动提出替老太太修缮房子。• 2). 自愿提供 , 自愿给予 She volunteered the information. 她自动提供了这一消息。• vi.• 1). 自愿 ; 自愿服务 [(+for)] He volunteered for the hard and unprofitable job. 他

自愿做这苦差使。• 2). 自愿当兵 [(+for)] When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps. 战争爆发时 , 他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

• 9.evidence n.1). 证据 ;证词 ;证人 ; 物证 [U] [(+of/for)] [+that] [+t

o-v]• He was punished for giving false evidence. 他因作伪证而受到惩罚。• The evidence is very shaky. 这证据相当靠不住。2). 迹象 [U][C][(+of)][+(that)]• There are evidences that somebody has bee

n living here. 有迹象显示有人一直住在这里。

I’m Lin Yong. I am seventeen years old. I am a skateboarder. Three years ago I watched a skateboarding competition and I fell I love with this sport immediately. I thought it was fun and challenging and I decided to try the sport. I needed a ramp to practise it, so I went to see the park manager and I told him about my plan to build one in his park. I was very happy to learn that he also thought it was a good idea. Two weeks later, my friends and I began skateboarding on a new ramp.

I have been skateboarding for three years and I still love it. I like the feeling I get when I am getting ready for a ride. I get excited and I can feel my heart beating faster. When I concentrate on the way my body moves in the air, I feel that I am flying and I am free from everything.

I am like every other rider; I always wear a helmet and other equipment to protect myself. I want to do it well, and I also want to play it safe. Although I am a skilled skateboarder now, I won’t try a trick that is too dangerous. I think the spirit of extreme sports like skateboarding is not to show off how cool I am, but to try something new and overcome fear.

My name is a seventeen-year-old

since ,

Trying to get

I feel great

concentrating

you are

your fears.