They are made up of C, H and O atoms.
-
Upload
amal-jenkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
29 -
download
1
description
Transcript of They are made up of C, H and O atoms.
![Page 1: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• In lipids the number of H atoms is more than the number of O atoms. This is the reason why lipids give more energy.
• They are made up of C, H and O atoms.
LIPIDS
•Lipids are found in all cells.•They are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents such as ether, chloroform, benzene.•Sometimes P and N atoms can join the lipid structure.
![Page 2: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LIPIDS
STEROIDSPHOSPHOLIPIDS GLYCOLIPIDSNEUTRAL LIPIDS
(Triglyceride)
The structural units of lipids are glycerol and fatty acids. The type and function of the lipid molecule differs due to the type of fatty acid.
![Page 3: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Triglyceride + 3 H2O3ATP
GLYCEROL
O
O
O
H HO
H HO
H HO
fatty acids
fatty acids
fatty acids
3 ATP
enzyme
GLYCEROL
__ O__
__ O__
__ O__
fatty acids
fatty acids
fatty acids
+3H2O
ester linkage
@
enzyme
A) Triglycerides (Neutral Lipids)
![Page 4: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GLYCEROL: is an alcohol that has three –OH (hydroxide groups)
FATTY ACIDS: are long chains of H and C atoms. At the end of the chain, there is carboxyl (- COOH) group.
A) Triglycerides (Neutral Lipids)
![Page 5: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FATTY ACIDS
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
solid at room temperature
only single C-C bonds occur
ex: butter, lard
liquid at room temperature
one or more double bonds between C atomsex: olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil,sunflower oil
![Page 6: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B) Phospholipids
Found in the cell membrane structure
The third fatty acid of fat molecule is replaced by phosphate group.
They have hydrophilic (loves-water) and hydrophobic (hates water)
Hydrophilic (polar because of PO4
-3)
Hydrophobic (non-polar)
![Page 7: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
B) Phospholipids
![Page 8: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
B) Phospholipids
![Page 9: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
B) Glycolipids
Found in the cell membrane structure of neurons
The third fatty acid of fat molecule is replaced by a glucose or galactose molecule.
![Page 10: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B) Steroids
They are important in membrane structure and in metabolism. They all have the same backbone made up of carbon rings.
They are lipids without fatty acids.
![Page 11: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IMPORTANCE OF LIPIDS
Lipids are great energy sources. They store twice the energy of carbohydrates because they have more H atoms in their structure.
Lipids are used as structural units of cell structure.
Lipids are stored in animal body, under the skin and around the organs. This helps protect the body from mechanical effects and is a long-term energy storage. Also this helps in heat isolation.
![Page 12: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lipids are solvent for A, D, E and K vitamins, so these vitamins can be stored in the body.
Because they include more H atoms than carbohydrates, they result in production of more water molecules when used in aerobic respiration. This provides animals living in dry environments with water.
IMPORTANCE OF LIPIDS
![Page 13: They are made up of C, H and O atoms.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051619/56812a9d550346895d8e5b2f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
It is thought that fats (saturated fatty acids) increase the level of cholesterol in the blood. High blood cholesterol levels may be linked to atherosclerosis and other heart diseases.
IMPORTANCE OF LIPIDS