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HOW TO MAKE

The Problem and Its Setting

Statement of the ProblemAssumptions

Significance

of the StudyDefinition

of Terms

Scope and Delimitation

Conceptual

Framework

It introduces the reader to the

topic investigated.

It arouses the interest of the reader.

It convince the reader that the research is worth reading.

Guidelines in Writing the

The introduction of a thesis must contain a

discussion of any or all of the following:

• Presentation of the Problem

• The existence of an unsatisfactory condition. A felt

problem that needs a solution.

• Rationale of the study

• Historical background of the

problem

• A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a

situation, or circumstances.

• A desire to find a better way of doing

something or of improving a

product.

• A desire to discover something• Geographical

conditions of the study locale.

• A link between the introduction

and the statement of the problem.

Statement of the ProblemIt is the general statement of the problem.

These are problems that the researcher wanted to solve and the very reason why the study

will be conducted.It is where the general and specific problems will be written.

Helps you to clearly identify the purpose of the project proposed.

Do not write questions that are answerable by Yes or No.

Tips in Writing the Statement of the

ProblemThe

IDEALThe

REALITYThe CONSEQUENCES

--however--

ASSUMPTIONS

Premises that serve as the starting points

of the study.Statements that are accepted as true and need

not to be proven.

3 types of Assumptions

Universal Assumptions

Study Assumptions

Theory or Researched-

Based Assumption

Tentative

answer to a

specific

questionSomething more than a wild guess

but less than a well-established theory.

What a researcher is expecting of a study.

Testable prediction

for an observed

phenomenon.

Do not be afraid to make predictions.

Being wrong is a part of the

Learning process.

Two Kinds of HypothesesCigarette smoking has NO

significant effect on pregnancy.

Smoking has a significant effect on pregnancy.

NULL

AFFIRMATIVE

Having no effect of the

study

Having an effect of the study

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH

USELESS

Guidance in explaining the Importance of

the study

• The rationale, timeliness, and

relevance of the study.• Possible solutions to

existing problems or improvement to

unsatisfactory conditions.

• Who are to be benefitted and how

they are going to be benefitted.

• Possible contribution to the fund of

knowledge.• Possible implications.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Enables the reader to better understand and appreciate

the research work.

Not all terms used

in research be

defined.

It may be in

alphabetical order

or in logical order.

Set boundaries in defining terms.

Guidelines in defining terms

• Only terms, words, phrases which have

special or unique meanings are defined.

• Terms should be defined operationally.

Guidelines in defining terms

• The researcher may develop his own

definition from the characteristics of the

term defined.

• Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books,

etc.

Guidelines in defining terms

• Definitions should be as brief, clear, and

unequivocal as possible.

• Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it’s not known or if it is for

the first time.

Scope and delimitations of the study

This refers to the area of coverage of the study.

It set the boundaries of the investigation.It cites the variables that are

excluded from the study.Offers clues on what research problems other researchers

may pursue.

Without stating the coverage and

delimitation of the study, the reader

will have false hopes of finding something not in

the research.

Guidelines A brief statement of the general

purpose of the study.

The subject matter and topics studied and discussed.

The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which

the data belong.The population or universe from which the respondents

were selected.The period of the study.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The weakness of the study beyond the

control of the researcher.

Example:Rating of library

facilities.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Tentative explanation

or tentative

explanation of the

phenomenon or

problem.Concepts

Guides you in doing

your research

Collection of interrelated

concepts.

Theoretical

framework

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Presents the

integration of

relevant studies and

principles into a new

theory.

Framework- fundamental

structure which supports and

gives shape to the general

body.

Fundamental

structure of thesis

INPUTS

- Qualified teachers

- Effective Methods

- Adequate Facilities

- Adequate Supervisory Assistance

PROCESS

Science

Instructional

Program

OUTPUTS

-Superior Science

Knowledge and skills of

Students

The Teaching of Science

Thank You!