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A Study of Computer Integrated Multimedia for Communicating the Gospel and Its

Implications to the India Pentecostal Church of God Trissur.

INTRODUCTION

The computer integrated multimedia has contributed much to the society and it drives

everyday life of the people. From the beginning of Christianity onwards the church has been

slow to incorporate modern Medias, fearing that the incorporation of the Medias may result

in the incorporation of worldliness in to the church. Church claims the spirituality is been

affected if computer integrated multimedia is been appreciated inside church. Church by

negligible of media avoids its valuable usages. Thus many times church is being Illiterate in

the areas of the development of the society. Church fail to make use the benefits by using the

computer integrated multimedia for communication both inside and outside of the church.

This makes the church to lose many opportunities for the effective communication of the

message. Media as a powerful tool for communication can be creative or destructive

depending on the person who uses it. The misuse cannot be banished over night. Here comesthe role of church to fight against the misuse by using Medias effectively.

Statement of the Problem

The India Pentecostal Church of God in the Trissur district of Kerala is not

incorporating computer integrated multimedia for effective communication of gospel. The

issue is that the IPC Churches in Trissur is not incorporating the multimedia for the effective

communication of word of God, were by loses many opportunity to the communicate gospel

effectively to the media driven society. Church should not be negligible to use the multimedia

for the communication of the gospel.

Elaboration of the Problem

The communication experience stands as the root and fruit of all the aspect of human

life.1 The very nature of the intellectual life of a society is decisively influenced, controlled

and directed by the communication through the predominant media tradition of a given

period.2 Since the expansion of Christianity is based on the effective communication of the

gospel. It is very much important not negligible to the modern media of the time.

The churches negligence makes the church from the reach of the modern peoples

those who are using the multimedia. Therefore the church lost its acceptance in the

multimedia driven society. Church is considered to be a society of illiterate people because itis not incorporating multimedia for certain extents. Thus the communication of the gospel is

not done effectively in IPC churches in the Trissur district Kerala.

Multimedia is used highly in all the areas of the daily life of the society. It grew in a

level it cannot be separated from the society.

This thesis answers the following questions:

1. What is the biblical understanding of the communication of the gospel?

1 John Edappilly. The Emerging Electronic Church (Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation,2003) 4.

2 Ibid., 5.

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2. How can the church use the multimedia for the effective communication of the gospel?

3. What is the implication of Multimedia for the communication of the Gospel to IPC

churches in Trissur district of Kerala?

Importance of the Problem

First and foremost there is no clear cut idea of the means‘s of communication taught

in the bible in the church. Secondly church is not aware of the multimedia usage in the

communication of the gospel. Finally since church is not aware of these it is not applied in

the church.

So this is an attempt to make known to the church about the means‘s of

communication revealed in the bible.

The multimedia affects what people think about themselves and how they perceive

people as well.3 Thus the negligence in the usage of multimedia for the communication of

gospel by the Pentecostal Churches affects the perspectives and responses to the gospel

greatly.

Hypothesis

Incorporation of multimedia for the communication of the gospel will be very much

helpful for IPC churches in Trissur district in Kerala for better propagation of the message of

the gospel to the media driven society to be reached by them.

Purpose of the study

To make a clear cut idea of communication revealed in the bible

To reveal the scope of multimedia for the effective communication of the Gospel

To help people to understand its importantence in the church especially incommunication of gospel.

To motivate people to get professional training in IT and related multimedia training

To Point out the necessity of high quality multimedia products and services for the

expansion of the gospel.

Scope and Limitations

Since multimedia is currently emerging subject under the topic media this research

deals with the application of it in the field of communication of the gospel.

Source of the Study

The study will use both primary data through questionares, interviews etc. and

secondary data such as Commentaries, Dictionaries, Books, Articles, Lexicons and Online

material.

Method of Research

3Ibid.

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This study is based on both library research and empirical study through interview

questionnaire method etc.

This thesis is divided in to three major Chapters. The first chapter gives a detailed

description about the topic communication and church. The second chapter is on the use of

multimedia for communication of Gospel. Final chapter deals with an evaluation of thetraditional ways of communication of gospel with the use of multimedia.

Previous research

As far the researcher‘s knowledge is concerned there is no previous research done on

this topic.

Chapter1.

Communication and Church

Introduction

1.1. Definition of Communication

1.2. Human Communication

1.2.1. Non-Verbal

1.2.1.1. Body language

1.2.1.2. Object communication

1.2.1.3. Paralanguage

1.2.2. Verbal communication

1.2.2.1. Visual communication

1.2.2.2. Oral Communication

1.2.2.3. Written Communication

1.2.2.4. Electronic communication

1.3. Types of Commutation

1.3.1. Inter personal

1.3.2. Intra personal

1.3.3. Group Communication

1.3.4. Mass Communication

1.3.5. Public Communication

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1.5.3.2.3. Angello

1.5.3.2.4. Kerysso

1.5.3.3. Preaching as a means of communication

1.5.4. Christian Communication and Media usage

1.5.4.1. God as Communicator

1.5.4.2. Commission to Communicate

1.5.4.3. The changing context

1.5.4.4. Opposing forces

1.5.4.5. The work of the Spirit

1.5.4.6. Effects of Communication

1.5.5. Challenges for Church to reframe communication

1.5.4.1. New challenges and new look

1.5.4.2. The word in the age of electronic media

1.5.4.3. The constant and the changing in media context

1.5.4.4. Language and logic of spiritual experience

1.5.4.5. Major elements of communication patter

1.5.4.6. Stress change in medias

1.5.4.7. Shift in electronic age

CONCLUSION

Chapter 2

Use of Multi Medias in Communication of Gospel

INTRODUCTION

2.1. The term Multimedia

2.1.1. History of the term

2.1.2. Word usage and context

2.1.3. Historical development of Multimedia

2.2. Categorization of Multimedia

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2.1. Interactive multimedia

2.2. Linear multimedia

2.3. Hyper media

2.3. Elements of multimedia

2.3.1. Text

2.3.2. Image

2.3.3. Sound

2.3.4. Animation

2.3.5. Video

2.3.6. Interaction

2.4. Characteristics of Multimedia

2.4.1. Can Be Projected

2.4.2. Transmitted

2.4.3. Broadcasted

2.4.4. Streamed Online

2.4.5. Virtual Objects Can Be Felt

2.4.6. Taste and Smell Can Be Felt

2.5. Multimedia and Church

2.5.1. The necessity of Multimedia in church

2.5.2. Origin and development of use of Multimedia in church

2.5.2.1. Pipe organ1361

2.5.2.2. 1463 printing press

2.5.2.3. Film Project 1800's

2.5.2.4. 1958 modern version of box loud speakers

2.6. The Message and Multimedia

2.6.1. The message

2.6.1.1. Multimedia and communicating of Message

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2.6.1.4.5.1. Electronic Publishing,

2.6.1.4.5.2. Cd-rom

2.6.1.4.5.3. E-book

2.6.1.4.5.4. Electronic journal,

2.6.1.4.5.5. Online magazine,

2.6.1.4.5.6. Online newspaper

2.6.1.4.5.7. Blog

2.6.1.4.5.8. Collaborative software

2.6.1.4.5.9. Digital publication app

2.6.1.4.5.10. File sharing

2.6.1.4.5.11.Podcast

2.6.1.4.5.12. Digital distribution platform

2.6.1.4.5.13. Online advertising

2.6.1.4.5.14. Online distribution

2.6.1.4.5.15. Open access (publishing)

2.6.1.4.5.16. Pay-Per-View

2.6.1.4.5.17. Subscriptions

2.6.1.4.5.18. Self-publishing

2.6.1.4.5.19. Non-Subsidy Publishing

2.6.1.4.5.20. Mobile Publishing

2.6.1.5. Process of Evaluation and Pretesting

2.7. Application of Multimedia in Side Church

2.7.1. Presentations

2.7.2. Training

2.7.3. Messages

2.7.4. Network communications

2.7.5. Video-conferencing

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2.7.6. Advertising

2.7.7. Christian education

2.7.8. Entertainments

2.7.9. Games

2.7.10. Church administration

2.7.11. Web feeds

2.7.12. Films

2.7.13. Quizzes

2.7.14. Special songs

2.7.15. Skits Plays

2.7.16. Object Lessons PowerPoint presentations

2.7.17. Gospel messages

2.7.18. Documentaries

2.7.19. Cartoon animations

2.7.20. Interactive lesson CDs

2.7.21. Video clips and images for message backgrounds

2.7.22. Video messages

2.7.23. Online chat and videoconferencing counseling‘s

2.7.24. Music

2.7.25. Mobishows and

2.7.26. Cellsodes Radio T.V,

2.7.27. Live stream

Conclusion

Chapter 3

The implication of multimedia for communicating the gospel to the I.P.C Churches in

Trissur

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Introduction

3.1. Profile of Trissur district.

3.1.1. Geography

3.1.1.1. Location

3.1.1.2. Climate and Rainfall

3.1.1.3. Soil and Rock

3.1.1.4. Water Resources

3.1.1.5. Forest

3.1.1.6. Drinking Water

3.1.2. Demography

3.1.3. History

3.1.4. Social Background

3.1.4.1 People

3.1.4.1.1. Food Habits

3.1.4.1.2. Dress and Ornaments

3.1.4.2. Population

3.1.4.3 Literacy

3.1.4.4 Sex Ratio3.1.4.5 Education

3.1.4.6 Travel

3.1.4.7 Tourism

3.1.5. Language

3.1.6. Culture

3.1.6.1 Marriage and Divorce

3.1.6.2 Dress and Ornaments

3.1.6.3 Music and Dance

3.1.6.4 Food and Drinks3.1.7. Political Condition

3.1.8. Economical Condition

3.1.8.1. Agriculture

3.1.8.2. Industries

3.1.8.3. Natural Sources

3.1.9. Notable Facts

3.1.10. Religious

3.1.10.1. Hinduism

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Chapter1.

Human Communication and the Church

INTRODUCTION

Communication is the basis of the existence of every community. For the

development of society communication is necessary. Each community and societies are being

developed and exists through effective communication. As Christianity is the best example

for the development through communication. It is very important to know the Christian

concept of communication.

Human communication is developed through different types of communications.

Religion is having an important role in communication. Communication media had

undergone different historic changes. Even the methods and medias used by the Christianity

underwent great changes. Church many times confuses and challenged to undergo change,

which methods to be selected and so on. Also many times opposed by certain opposing

forces.

1.1. Definition of CommunicationThe word communication is derived from the Latin root word ―communis‖ which

means common4, and from the Latin communicare, which means ―to make common‖ or to

share.5 ―Communication is the process or act of transmitting a message from a sender to a

receiver, through a channel and with the interference of noise‖. 6 Communication is the

exchange of a message between two or more people.7 Thus communication literary means

sharing of ideas in common.8

1.2. Human Communication

―Is the process through which individuals in relationships, groups, organizations, and

societies create and use information to relate with others.9

Human communication is the act of conveying a message to another. Talking is the

most common form of communication. However there are also non-verbal communication

methods such as facial expressions and body language.

1.2.1. Non-Verbal

4 B.17 .p.13

5 E Weekley. An Etymological Dictionary Of Modern English (Vol. 1).( New York: Dover Publications), 1967.

6 Devito. J. A.. The Communication Handbook: A Dictionary. (New York: Harper & Row),1986.

7 Kathelem Stremel. Communication Interractions, (Monmouth: The National Consortium Of Def=Blindness),

2008.8 D.S. Dahiya, Communication Process in Organizations, Jaipur & New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 1997, p.14.

9 Edwards, D. (2007). Introduction To Communication Theory. Mycoursepack.Com.

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Nonverbal communication is the process of using wordless messages to generate

meaning. Nonverbal communication includes nonword vocalizations such as inflection and

nonword sounds10.

1.2.1.1. Body language

Body language is what we say to one another without the use of words. This

nonverbal communication can come in several forms: body position, eye contact, facial

expressions, physical appearance, touch and space11

The study of body language intosix main categories: kinesics, eye contact,

paralanguage, haptics, proxemics, and chronemics12

1.2.1.2. Object communication

It is the communication through different objects. Objects that interact with one

another often use other objects to communicate information among themselves.The object used for the communication is generated by a sender object and is madeavailable to a receiver object. The communication may be unidirectional (from

sender to receiver) or bidirectional (information supplied by the sender is modified

by the receiver and returned to the sender). The communication may also bestructured so that is short-lived (relevant only during the immediate methodinvocation) or more prolonged (a shared object is used to allow interaction over an

interval of time longer than the immediate method invocation).13

1.2.1.3. Paralanguage

Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify

meaning and convey emotion. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously,

and it includes the pitch, volume, and, in some cases, intonation of speech. Sometimes the

definition is restricted to vocally-produced sounds. The study is known as paralinguistic‘s.

The paralinguistic properties of speech play an important role in human speech

communication. There are no utterances or speech signals that lack paralinguistic properties,

since speech requires the presence of a voice that can be modulated. This voice must

have some properties, and all the properties of a voice as such are paralinguistic. However,

the distinction linguistic vs. paralinguistic applies not only to speech but to writing and sign

language as well, and it is not bound to any sensory modality.

1.2.2. Verbal communication

At a fundamental level verbal communication messages convey means the speaker

has encoded into the words of an utterance, but a listener who has understood the utterance

has gone beyond the literal meaning of the words and grasped the particular sense in which

the speaker intended them to be understood. Verbal communication often involves both signs

and symbols.

10 Lapakko, D. Three Cheers For Language: A Closer Examination Of A Widely Cited Study Of Nonverbal

Communication.Communication Education1997. 46, 63 – 67 11

12 Gabrel Mckee, Jenifer Smith. Body Language Ii: Rending People (Chicago: Learning Seed, 2008), 2.

13 http://people.cs.vt.edu/~kafura/cs2704/intro3.html

http://people.cs.vt.edu/~kafura/cs2704/intro3.html

http://people.cs.vt.edu/~kafura/cs2704/intro3.html

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1.2.2.1. Visual communication

Visual communication as the name suggests is communication through visual aid and

is described as the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked

upon. Visual communication in part or whole relies on vision14, and is primarily presented or

expressed with two dimensional images, it includes: signs, typography, drawing, graphicdesign, illustration, colour and electronic resources. It also explores the idea that a visual

messag15 accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or

audience

1.2.2.2. Oral Communication

Oral communication primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can

also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. Oral

communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions, and aspects of interpersonal

communication.

1.2.2.3. Written Communication

Communicating ideas and information through documents such as letters, manuals,

reports,and graphs.16

1.2.2.4. Electronic communication

One assumption in much mediated communication research is that all actors in

a conversation are using the same communication medium. Some work has studied the

difference between one-way (monologue) and two-way (dialogue) communication, but there

has been little attention paid to communications in which participants are using different

media.17

1.3. Types of Communication

1.3.1. Intra personal

Intra- personal communication can be understood as ―communication within oneself‖

or as ―talking within the individual self or with the self‖18. In this type of communication,

one‘s thinking or reasoning comes from within his/her mind, by trying to make sense of the

world around him/her. The one who is both the sender and the receiver of a message is called

14 David Sless (1981). Learning and visual communication. p.187

15 Kenneth Louis Smith (2005). Handbook of visual communication: theory, methods, and media. p.123.

16 Alison M. Alden. An Understanding Of The Characteristics And Functions Of The Human Communication

Process (Com: Teaching Communication, 2008), 217

Burgoon, J.K., Buller, D.B., and Floyd, K. Does participation affect deception success? A test of theinteractivity principle. Human Communication Research, 27, 4 (2001), 503-534.18

David, Video Critical: Children, The Environment and Media Power. Luton: John Libbey media, 1996.

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as the intra-personal communicator 19. In Christian life, prayer and meditation as intra-

personal communication is very much emphasized20

1.3.2. Inter personal

Inter-personal communication is defined as a basic human transaction and interaction between two individuals. It is a face-to-face, two-way process of communication with

immediate feedback and ability to adapt to each other‘s output21. This transaction can take

place between friends, family members, lovers, etc.22 In the Bible we find many references to

instances of inter personal communication. Gen 3:14, 16, and 17 have references to God‘s

speaking to snake, women, and man.

1.3.3. Group Communication

Group communication is understood as the communication process in which more

than two people are participating and interacting among themselves. It is also a form of

communication within a groups of people and between a groups of people

23

1.3.4. Mass Communication

Mass communication can be understood as a process in which the masses of people

are engaged in production, distribution, reception and reflection24. Mass communication can

be defined as ‗impersonal, unidirectional flow from remote sources to many scattered

individuals‘25.

1.3.5. Public Communication

Public communication can be defined as those processes of information and cultural

exchange between media institutions, products and publics which are socially shared, widely

available and communal in character.26 Public communication includes mass media (such as

television, radio, news paper) small media (such as photo copied materials, preachings and

worship, internet, museums, etc.) and alternative media (such as puppets, folk dance, folk

singing, etc.).27

1.3.6. Folk Communication

In simple terms the folk communication is the peoples communication. The means the

messages and meanings are shared or transmitted by the people. The traditional folklore like,

myths, legends, folk-tales, proverbs, riddles, clants, costumes, dances, dance drama, songs,

and folk medicine.28

1.3. Society, Religion and Communication

19 John Joshva, Introduction to Communication and Media Studies, Bangalore: BTESSC/SATHRI, 2006, p.10.

20 Ibid., p. 15.

21 Sarah Sarah. Human Communication Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1986.

22 John Joshva, Introduction to Communication and Media Studies, Bangalore: BTESSC/SATHRI, 2006, p.15.

23 Ibid., p.20.

24 Ibid., p.27.

25 Ibid., p.28.

26

Ibid., p.30.27 Ibid., p.30.

28 James Appavo Theophilus, Folklore for Change. Madurai: Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary, 1986.

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Media communications history is fairly short, although the various forms of media

that have developed over the years have made a tremendous impression on the technological,

political, economic, social and cultural trends of every nation.37

1.4.1. Oral Traditions

More than two million years ago, was the first to have some type of language.38 If we

believe that ―language was born‖ only after the vocal tract developed and had a structure

comparable to that found in modern humans, then we have to wait until a time between

400,000 and 200,000 years ago. 200,000 BC Birth of human speech. 39 Some of the forms or

elements of oral traditions are folktales, legends, songs, riddle, and proverbs.40

1.4.2. Written Traditions

The origin of writing, of course, long antedates the origin of the alphabet. 1050 BC

Phoenicians develop the first alphabet based on sound. 900 BC The very first postal service –

for government use in China. 776 BC First recorded use of homing pigeons used to send

message – the winner of the Olympic Games to the Athenians. 41

1.4.3. Print Technology

Books awere printed in Egypt since 1350 B.C.E (papyrus). The movable types were

invented in 1450 by a goldsmith in Maninz (Germany). Beginning from the time of

Guttenberg who brought technological movable types and mechanical power in the 15th

century in Europe, print media hass brought a tremendous change in human history.some of

the historians suggest that the first printed book began in AD 868.42

1.4.4. Electronic Medias

1814 Joseph Nicephore Niepce achieves the first photographic image. 1876

Alexander Graham Bell patents the electric telephone. 1877 Thomas Edison patents the

phonograph - with a wax cylinder as recording medium. 1920‘S & 30‘S Rise of radio and

film. 1950‘s Rise of TV.

1.4.5. The Multimedia

1.5. Concept of Christian communication

The Christian is constrained by the content and style of the revelation of God in Jesus.

The Christian is concerned to reproduce not simply the message without dissertation, but the

37 Laurie Thomas Lee, Journalism and Mass Communication,(USA:Department of Broadcasting, University of

Nebraska-Lincolin38

38

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species Chicago University Press39

Lieberman, P. (1998) Eve Spoke. Human Language and Human Evolution W. W.Norton40

Jack Goody, Oral Culture, In International Encyclopedia of Communication, Erick Barnouw et al.(eds), New

York: Oxford University Press,1989, p.227.41

F.F. Bruce, ―The Origin of the Alphabet,‖ Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute 80(1948): 1-11.42

John Joshva, Introduction to Communication and Media Studies, Bangalore: BTESSC/SATHRI, 2006, p.113.

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style of communication without corruption. The Christian communicator has to direct the

mind of his hearers to the truth of God in Christ, in such a way that he falls under the

compulsion of its reality and can not but assent to it.43

1.5.1. Definitions of Christian Communications

Christian communication is the interaction between the church as an institution and

Christian as individuals to bring the public in to awareness, and bring closer to gospel by

setting model for others.44

1.5.2. Bible and communication

The fact and process of communication seems to have two different leavels in the

scriptures. One is Gods communication with man and other is mans communication with

other men and women.45

1.5.2.1. Old Testament and Communication

A glance through the several books of the Old Testament would quickly suggest that

God used various and several modes of divine self-disclosure towards His Old Covenant

people through patriarchs, spokesmen, prophets as well as kings.46Adam and God dialogue

with each other. (Genesis 3). Moses was to communicate with God by building the

tabernacle. (Exodus 25:22). Communion is the alternating impact of two personalities that

produces a mutual pleasant effect. Both parties are participating with full attention and

enthusiasm. God communicated with Job. In the Old Testament God spoke verbally, through

dreams, and through other ways.

1.5.2.2. New Testament and Communication

In the three synoptic Gospels all communication between Jesus and his disciples,

sympathizers, and local Jewish communities is conducted orally. In order to spread his

message and reach a larger number of people, Jesus and his disciples are therefore said to

have constantly traveled, especially within Galilee, but also between Galilee and Judaea, at

least at the beginning and end of his career. The emphasis on direct contacts between Jesus

and his interlocutors made his frequent change of place necessary. As Gerd Theissen and

others have stressed, this practice of traveling and teaching may be a reflection of the work of

early Christian wandering charismatics who tried to imitate Jesus‘ restless activity47(1983:79-105). Despite the entirely oral beginnings of Christianity in the early Jesus

movement, the very character and identity of Christianity would develop only later on the

43 T. F. Torrance, God and Rationality. London: Oxford University Press1971.London: Oxford University

Press1971.44

Ibid., p.148.

45 John Edappilly. The Emerging Electronic Church (Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation,2003) p.44.

36Divine Revelation And The Old Testament Revelation Through Dreams Or Visions Of The Night By Monk

Themistocles (Adamopoulos)

47Theissen 1983 Gerd Theissen. Studien zur Soziologie des Urchristentums. Wissenschaftliche

Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 19. Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck.

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basis of stenographed sermons (Maxwell 2006), written communication, and the transmission

of such written records to later generations of Christians.48

1.5.3. Means of Communication in Bible

The fact and process of communication seem to have two different leaves inscriptures. One in God‘s communication with man and the other is man‘s communication

with other men and women.49

1.5.3.1. Divine Communication

Divine communication is generally known as revelation. All through the scriptures,

the revelation of God is understood as the prerogative of God. It is God‘s voluntary decision

to open the secrets of His mystery to man. In the Old Testament, in Judaism, in the Greek

world, and in the ancient Near East, dreams were regularly understood to contain messages

from God, particularly the dreams experienced by kings and priests.50

1.5.3.1.1. Revelation (Apokalypto)

In order to express God‘s revelation, the verb is apocalypto meaning ‗to uncover,

disclose or reveal.‘ Also used its noun form, apokalypsis, meaning ‗disclosure or revelation.‘

God‘s revelation mediates knowledge of God and His decrees and secrets – a knowledge that,

in the final analysis, is inexhaustible. The sense of communication here is the process that

makes common to many (people) what was the monopoly of one (God).

1.5.3.1.1. Dreams (Onar/ Enypton)

The word onar occures widely in classical Greek from Homer onwards, but not in the

LXX where enypton is customary for dream. It is also used by both Philo and Josephus. The

sense of communication found in dreams is that the transmitter (God) encodes thencodes the

message (revelation) and produces the signal (images) and sends them over the channel

(dream) and decodes (interprets) the message.51

1.5.3.2. Man-to-Man Communication

There are a number of words in Greek for passing on of messages, reports and

instructions. The wide range of words used in the New Testament for the communication of

the gospel include words like teach didasko and katecheo for the communication of material

to be learned, and paradidomi for the passing on of tradition. Two other words that are used

to express the idea of communication are angello. evangellizomai and kerusso and their

derivatives.

1.5.3.2.1. Angello

In their basic meaning, the words connected with angellio always refer to the activity

of the messenger who conveys a message that has been given to him, either orally or in

writing, and who, in this way represents the sender of the message himself. Angello means ‗to

48 Catherine Hezser, Oral and Writtern Communication and Transmission of Knowledge in Ancient Judaism and

Christianity,2010, 80.49

John Edappilly. 45.50 Ibid., 47.

51 Ibid., 50.

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announce; an-angello and ap-angello, by contrast, occur frequently in the sense of ―to report,

to announce, to proclaim, to speak out openly, to direct or instruct.‖

1.5.3.2.2. Evangellizomai

The words of this group mean the proclamation in a special, technical sense: themaking known of God‘s activity, His will to save. Evangellizomai means ―to proclaim the

Good News‖. Luke and Paul use the words in a variety of senses of ―to give notice‖ ―to

inform‖ ―to command‖ ―to confess‖ ―to declare‖. All these denotes the act of communication

have different shades of meaning.

1.5.3.2.3. Kerysso

The word kerysso means ―to announce, proclaim‖ and kerigma means

―proclaimation, announcement, preaching.‖ In the New Testament times especially,

communication as kerigma becomes the proclamation or preaching of the Christian Message.

In the New Testament, kerigma can refer to the content, event and office of proclamation.

1.5.3.3. Preaching as a means of communication

Preaching is usually, and with literal correctness, defined as the act of delivering

religious discourses. Prior to Christ, preaching was but little known among the Jews than

among the Gentiles. But from the time Christ began his public ministry, preaching became

common and constant. Following our lord‘s ascension, the apostolic ministry of preaching

was elevated and vitalized by the gift of the Holy Spirit. Hence disciples went every were and

preached the word of God (Act 8:4). As Christ himself was the Divine word made flesh, so

designing to employ human agency for the promotion of His kingdom among men, He made

a special appropriation of man‘s distinguishing faculty of speech by appointing it as a primary and principal means of communicating Gods word of truth and the messade of

salvation throughout the world.

1.5.4. Christian Communication and Media usage

Christian communication has a number of dimensions and is influenced by certain

constant and variable factors that not only set apart, but also make superior to any other kind

of communication.52

1.5.4.1. God as Communicator

God is by nature a communicator.53 From the creation of the world God has been

communicating (revealing) himself to humanity. Creation is one of the vehicle through which

God speaks, and the bible is the record of that communication.54 God wants to be understood

correctly so that the appropriate response can be obtained. He therefore uses communication

symbols that are understood by us within our specific cultural contexts. He uses language,

culture, and human form.55

1.5.4.2. Commission to Communicate

52 Knud Jargensen, The Role and Function of the Media in the Mission of the Church

53

Viggo SSogaard, Media in Church and Mission, Bangalore: Theological Book Trust,1998, p.12.54 Ibid., p.12.

55 Charles Kraft, Communication Theory for Christian Witness. Rev. ed. Maryknoll:Orbis Books. 1991, p.17.

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God communicated himself to the prophets and then commissioned them to be his

communicators to others. He communicated himself-in fullness-through the son and then

commissioned the son to a ministry (Heb. 1:1-3). Christ communicated with the apostles and

them commissioned them as communicators (Mt.28:18-20). Today those who have

experienced his revelation aree called to be his ambassoders representing and communicating

him in the world (2 Cor. 5:20).56

1.5.4.3. The changing context

Change in contexts demand variety in approaches to communication.57 The

communicator must study the culture of the audience to see how the gospel of Christ can be

communicated within that frame of reference. Change in methods and media is necessary if

we are to use our gifts to the fullest and turn our attention from the medium to the person.58

1.5.4.4. Opposing forces

As long as we live in this age, our task of communicating the word of God will meetwith hostility and obstruction from the powers of evil. These powers of the evil that have

blinded the minds of those who do not believe can also directly stop or obstruct the Christian

mission. The Christian communicator may find the minister hindered by seemingly

unnecessary roadblocks. 59

1.5.4.5. The work of the Spirit

Christian communication is a spiritual work, and ultimately all results will depend on

the Holy Spirit. In the task of proclaiming the gospel, the Spirit utilizes the church as his

agent, but the task of bringing a person from darkness into light of Christ is the exclusive role

of the Holy Spirit (John 6:44: Titus 3:5-7).

60

1.5.4.6. Effects of Communication

Effectiveness of Christian communication needs to be defined from three

perspectives. (1) Perspective of God, (2) Christian communicator (3) and the receptor. For

God effectiveness will be seen from the perspective of eternity. From the perspective of

Christian communicator, effectiveness will be seen in the light of response to the commission

given by Christ. The effectiveness of Christian communication will from the perspective of

the receptor be judged in relation to how he or she experiences needs met, and how a new joy

and fullness of life in fellowship with God.61

1.5.5. Challenges for Church to reframe communication

Every age and every community can understand divine communication better

only if it is reformed and reincarnated in the semantic, neurobiological, psychological,

cultural, sociological and technological categories of each time, place, and community.

Hence, the great challenge for the church as the communicating community of divine

56 Ibid., p.15.

57 Ibid., p.18.

58 Ibid., p.21.

59

Ibid., p.21.60 Ibid., p.22.

61 Ibid., 25.

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revelation to the contemporary world is to reframe and re-express the word o the word of God

in the electronic media of communication.62

1.5.4.1. New challenges and new look

The interaction between church and electronic communication is compelling,manifold, threatening and promising. For the church, modern communication is surely a new

frontier. It poses a great challenge to the church to make the world feel its presence, witness,

prophecy and outreach. Creative formats should be developed for teaching, ministering and

sanctifying roles of the church. What is needed are an updated outlook and a different

methodology that would help us understand the legitimacy, advantage, and nesesity of

adapting church life to achieve the proposed goals of the Christian message.

1.5.4.2. The word in the age of electronic media

The transition of the word of God in to the new media is never simply an easy

application of traditional message in to a new evolved technology, just as a change of anexternal outfit. The conveyed message through what we see, hear or touch is part of the form

of conveying medium itself . ―The new media require a new form of symbolic expression, a

different catechesis and kerigmatic expression, a different place and time of communicaton.

Also challenging is the ―communicable moment‖, that is, the point in our lives and context in

which there is likely to be real listening and full response of faith and commitment to the

world. All this implies an profound transformation in the internal structure and culture of the

church and the change in the way the church inserts itself in the society around. 63

1.5.4.3. The constant and the changing in media context

The central question in the whole discussion about the media revolution is ―What isconstant and what is changing? The easy answer is the external form (the media) changes and

the message the same. But, in fact, the message is so integrated as a part of the oral, the print

or audio-visual media that we must look for something more basic as the constant. The most

fundamental is the word in the history. Bernad Lonergan says the constant is the priore

interior word that ―God speaks to us by flooding our hearts and his love. That prior word

pertains, not to the word mediated meaning.. but to the unmediated experience of love and

awe.64

1.5.4.4. Language and logic of spiritual experience

As the human consciousness seeks to expres the meaning, context and dimensions ofreligious experience in communicable terms, the interior word takes on a language of this

language and logic that is appropriate for expressing religious experience. According to

Robert White, ―it is the lack of awareness of this language and logic in the Christian

imagination which most often distorts the expressed experience of the word and impedes the

faithful translation into the medium. One might examine various dimensions of the Christian

imagination but, for the practical purpose of studying the implications of a new medium, the

fallowing seem especially important: the basic language mode (symbol and parable), the

source (a revelation rather than a selfdiscovery), the validating principle of knowledge (faith),

62

John Edappilly.87.63 Robert White, The Word and the Electronic Media, Manuscript.

64 B. Lonergan, Method in Theology, 1972, p. 112.

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the function of the word (transformation toward union with God), the context of expression

(ritual celebration), and the fundamental logic (the paradox of incarnation).65

1.5.4.5. Major elements of communication patter

How can we make the Christian word incarnate in the new media? The methodologyfor adapting the message withn the new media becomes clearer by tracin schematically the

historical changes in the pattern of communication of the church from the oral/visual media

of the Middle Ages, the introduction of the print media in the Reformation period, and now,

the changes that are indicated by the increasing presence of the media. In each period, there

are six major interrelated aspects in the pattern of Christian communication: the dominant

definition of the world view and meaning of life‘ how individuals discover meaning in life;

the key ―communicable moments‖ when the church helps individuals to discover meaning

and faith; how the church structures the communication expeiance; the social and physical

context of communication in the church; the definition of communicator roles within the

church.

1.5.4.6. Stress change in Medias

The printed word, especially the bible, become the sacramental revelation of the

word and in the printed word one could discover God. With the print media came

systematized, formal education to ensure the faith on a logical and intellectual basis. School

systems took shape for teaching theology, the classical style of rhetoric, poetry, drama etc.

the village, liturgical celebrating community, became parish, focused on educating the

children in the faith. The sermon became increasingly the means of instruction. The

preparation of clergy as leaders was no longer sufficient and seminaries were initiated to train

priests as teachers.

1.5.4.7. Shift in electronic age

Four dramatic revolutionary shifts that flow from the modern technical inventions of

the electronic growth, each of which is of virtual importance for Church‘s interest.

a. From products to information as a source of wealth: In the post-Industrial Age, data is

power and increasingly more valuable than manufactured goods.

b. From the verbal to the visual as a dominant style of learning: Eighty percent of what

American now learn, they learn via the eye, not the ear. Visual learning is different

form verbal learning.

c.

From reality to images as the key to influencing others: Telivision, radio, advertising,elections, and brand names are creatures of image, not reality.

d. From local to mass audience: Reach has been altered radically to the point that anyone

with access to the media can address virtually everyone who would listen or watch.

The warmth of the interchange is different.

Conclusion

65 Robert White. ibid

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Chapter 2

Use of Multi Medias in Communication of Gospel

Introduction

Multimedia technology has changed the way we use computers. Multimedia

technology has made it possible for us to see, hear, read, feel, and talk to computers. 66

Multimedia technology has changed the way we use computers. Multimedia

technology has made it possible for us to see, hear, read, feel, and talk to computers. 67

Throughout modern history, missionaries have communicated with people at homeand with nationals through print and electronic media, including television and radio. Today,

the emergence of digital communication technologies is changing the way missionaries

communicate internationally, allowing them to exchange personalized informationimmediately.

68

2.1. The term Multimedia

2.1.1. History of the term

The term "multimedia" was coined by singer and artist Bob Goldstein (later 'Bobb

Goldsteinn') to promote the July 1966 opening of his "LightWorks at L'Oursin" show at

Southampton, Long Island. Goldstein was perhaps aware of a British artist named Dick

Higgins, who had two years previously discussed a new approach to art-making he called

"intermedia."69

On August 10, 1966, Richard Albarino of Variety borrowed the terminology,

reporting: ―Brainchild of songscribe-comic Bob (‗Washington Square‘) Goldstein, the

66 Ovidiu-Alin DOBRICAN Multimedia and Decision-Making Process (Romania: West University of

Timişoara, 2009. 67

Douglas Geoothuis, The Soul in Cyber-Space(Grand Rapids: Baker,1997), 9.68

Mallory Barks. New Media in Missions. A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirementsfor graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University 201169

Matthew Zuras (June 3, 2010), Tech Art History, Part 2, Switched

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‗Lightworks‘ is the latest multi-media music-cum-visuals to debut as discothèque fare.‖70

Two years later, in 1968, the term ―multimedia‖ was re-appropriated to describe the work of

a political consultant, David Sawyer, the husband of Iris Sawyer —one of Goldstein‘s

producers at L‘Oursin.

Multimedia (multi-image) setup for the 1988 Ford New Car Announcement Show,August 1987, Detroit, MI

In the intervening forty years, the word has taken on different meanings. In the late

1970s the term was used to describe presentations consisting of multi-projector slide shows

timed to an audio track.[3][4] However, by the 1990s 'multimedia' took on its current

meaning.

In the 1993 first edition of McGraw-Hill‘s Multimedia: Making It Work, Tay

Vaughan declared ―Multimedia is any combination of text, graphic art, sound, animation, and

video that is delivered by computer. When you allow the user – the viewer of the project – to

control what and when these elements are delivered, it is interactive multimedia. When you provide a structure of linked elements through which the user can navigate, interactive

multimedia becomes hypermedia.‖ 71

The German language society, Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache, decided to

recognize the word's significance and ubiquitousness in the 1990s by awarding it the title of

'Word of the Year' in 1995. The institute summed up its rationale by stating "[Multimedia]

has become a central word in the wonderful new media world"

In common usage, the term multimedia refers to an electronically delivered

combination of media including video, still images, audio, text in such a way that can be

accessed interactively. Much of the content on the web today falls within this definition asunderstood by millions. Some computers which were marketed in the 1990s were called

"multimedia" computers because they incorporated a CD-ROM drive, which allowed for the

delivery of several hundred megabytes of video, picture, and audio data. That era saw also a

boost in the production of educational multimedia application CD-ROMs.72

2.1.2. Word usage and context

The term multimedia has diverse mean-ing, depending on their use. It can mean the deployment of computers to deliver informa-tion as text, image, audio or video, but it could

be also the capacity to manipulate and distribute content that includes image, audio or video

via a communication device. By definition, multimedia includes the design, implementation,manipulation, storing, and delivering of various types of media to inter-ested users 73

there must be two or more representation modes or formats (text, graphics, video and

sound) integrated into a single pres-entation;

70 Richard Albarino, "Goldstein's LightWorks at Southhampton," Variety, August 10, 1966. Vol. 213,

No. 12.

71 Vaughan, Tay, 1993, Multimedia: Making It Work (first edition, ISBN 0-07-881869-9), Osborne/McGraw-Hill,

Berkeley, pg. 3.72 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_ref-0, Date assessed 29/9/2012.

73 T. Vaughan, Multimedia: Making it work (7th Ed.), McGraw Hill, 2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_ref-0




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the user interacts with the multimedia presentation for some purpose (to solve a task or

problem) and is not a passive viewer;

the different representation formats must be used as sources of cognitive information.74

2.1.3. Historical development of Multimedia

2.2. Categorization of Multimedia

2.1. Interactive multimedia

Interactive media is the integration of digital media including combinations of

electronic text, graphics, moving images, and sound, into a structured digital computerised

environment that allows people to interact with the data for appropriate purposes. The digital

environment can include the Internet, telecoms and interactive digital television.75

2.2. Linear multimedia

2.3. Hyper media

Hypermedia is an application which uses associative relationships among information

contained within multiple media data for the purpose of facilitating access to, and

manipulation of, the information encapsulated by the data.76

2.3. Elements of multimedia

2.3.1. Text

Text includes letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs to tell a story, state a fact,

report an event, or convey an idea. It contains also numbers, punctuation, symbols, andspecial characters. It is the most used form of communication and is considered a basic

element of visual multimedia.77 (This text should not be confused with the printed text. This

text is electronic text which is a network rather thanthe straight linesuggested by the pages of

a book.78

2.3.2. Image

Image, from a multimedia point of view, is made up of picture elements called pixels

with brightness and colour. It is a collection of dots (black-white or coloured), each with a

value, and when they are placed next to each other, they form the entire image. Images are

stored and exchanged in many standard for-mats such as the JPEG, GIF, BMP, PNG, TIFF,etc.79

2.3.3. Sound

74 Ovidiu-Alin DOBRICAN Multimedia and Decision-Making Process (Romania: West University of

Timişoara, 2009. 75

Elaine England and Andy FinneyInteractive. Media — what’s that? Who’s involved?( UK:ATSF), 2002, 2.76

Paul De Bra. Hypermedia. Eindhoven Univ. of Technology.77

B. A. Khasawneh, ―Multimedia essentials and challenges‖, Multimedia transcod-ing in mobile and wireless

networks, In-formation Science Reference, pp. 1-13, 2008.78

Jay David Bolter, Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing (Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Eribaum, 1991), ix.79

Z. N. Li and M. S. Drew, Fundamentals of multimedia, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Sound is used in multimedia product: presentations, videoconferences, com-

puter games, home theatre, etc. It consists of differences in pressure that produce waves that

travel in all directions. De-pending on its pressure and frequency level, if it reaches the ears,

it is experi-enced as sound. Sound files exist in many formats such as MIDI, MP3, WAV,

WMA, MPEG audio. These formats re-quire a media player that is capable of recognizing

such formats. The main advantage of digital sound is the ability to edit such files using digitalaudio editors.80

2.3.4. Animation

Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D artwork or model

positions in order to create an illusion of movement. It is an optical illusion of motion due to

the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in a number of

ways. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video

program, although several other forms of presenting animation also exist. Animation is

created from drawn pictures and video is created using real time visuals.

2.3.5. Video

Video is defined as a series of images (frames) put together and displayed one after

the other to create the illusion of motion. The illusion of motion is created by displaying a

number of frames per second where each frame contains a slight difference from the previous

one, utilizing the vision persistence of the human eye, thus creating the feeling that the object

is actually moving. Video is the most demanding multimedia elements in terms of storage

and transmission, because of the large size of files.81

2.3.6. Interaction

Interactive media is the integration of digital media including combinations of

electronic text, graphics, moving images, and sound, into a structured digital computerized

environment that allows people to interact with the data for appropriate purposes. The digital

environment can include the Internet, telecoms and interactive digital television.

2.4. Characteristics of Multimedia

2.4.1. Can Be Projected

Multimedia is capable of being displayed anywhere by focusing data projections onto

a delegated locations within the space thus expanding the performance beyond the stage. This

creates a new fictional space where virtual characters and narrative representations can be

projected into the multimedia portals. Multimedia opens up the possibility to explore the

structure of the play because the world of play can move around the theature space via data

projectors or can be located in a number of places at once.82

2.4.2. Transmitted

80 K.C. Pohlmann, Principles of digital au-dio (5th Ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

81

A. Bovik, Handbook of image and video processing , Academic Press, 2000.82 Pauline Sheldrake, Multimedia and Space in Contemporary Theature. (Queensland University of Technology

2007.

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2.4.3. Broadcasted

2.4.4. Streamed Online

2.4.5. Virtual Objects Can Be Felt

2.4.6. Taste and Smell Can Be Felt

2.5. Multimedia and Church

2.5.1. The necessity of Multimedia in church

2.5.2. Origin and development of use of Multimedia in church

2.5.2.1. Pipe organ1361

2.5.2.2. 1463 printing press

2.5.2.3. Film Project 1800's

2.5.2.4. 1958 modern version of box loud speakers

2.6. The Message and Multimedia

2.6.1. The message

2.6.1.1. Multimedia and communicating of Message

2.6.1.1.1. Up Reach

2.6.1.1.2. Down Reach

2.6.1.1.3. In Reach

2.6.1.1.4. Out Reach

2.6.1.2. Group to be reached with the message

2.6.1.2.1. Children

2.6.1.2.2. Youngsters

2.6.1.2.3. Adults

2.6.1.2.4. Old people

2.6.1.3.. Conveying Multimedia Message

2.6.1.3.1. Preparation and Production of Multimedia Messages

2.6.1.3.1.1. Asses the Need

2.6.1.3.1.2. Purpose and objectives

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2.6.1.3.1.3. Describe the Audience

2.6.1.3.1.4. Develop the Strategy

2.6.1.3.1.5. Establish the Program Goal

2.6.1.3.1.6. Program Format

2.6.1.3.1.7. Script Writing

2.6.1.3.1.8. Talents and Actors

2.6.1.3.1.9. Music

2.6.1.3.1.10. Production of the Program

2.6.1.4. Publishing Multimedia Materials

2.6.1.4.1. Printed Publishing

2.6.1.4.2. Radio Broadcasting

2.6.1.4.3. Tele Vision

2.6.1.4.4. Cinema

2.6.1.4.5. Internet

2.6.1.4.5.1. Electronic Publishing,

2.6.1.4.5.2. Cd-rom

2.6.1.4.5.3. E-book

2.6.1.4.5.4. Electronic journal,

2.6.1.4.5.5. Online magazine,

2.6.1.4.5.6. Online newspaper

2.6.1.4.5.7. Blog

2.6.1.4.5.8. Collaborative software

2.6.1.4.5.9. Digital publication app

2.6.1.4.5.10. File sharing

2.6.1.4.5.11. Podcast

2.6.1.4.5.12. Digital distribution platform

2.6.1.4.5.13. Online advertising

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2.6.1.4.5.14. Online distribution

2.6.1.4.5.15. Open access (publishing)

2.6.1.4.5.16. Pay-Per-View

2.6.1.4.5.17. Subscriptions

2.6.1.4.5.18. Self-publishing

2.6.1.4.5.19. Non-Subsidy Publishing

2.6.1.4.5.20. Mobile Publishing

2.6.1.5. Process of Evaluation and Pretesting

2.7. Application of Multimedia in Side Church

2.7.1. Presentations

2.7.2. Training

2.7.3. Messages

2.7.4. Network communications

2.7.5. Video-conferencing

2.7.6. Advertising

2.7.7. Christian education

2.7.8. Entertainments

2.7.9. Games

2.7.10. Church administration

2.7.11. Web feeds

2.7.12. Films

2.7.13. Quizzes

2.7.14. Special songs

2.7.15. Skits Plays

2.7.16. Object Lessons PowerPoint presentations

2.7.17. Gospel messages

2.7.18. Documentaries

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2.7.19. Cartoon animations

2.7.20. Interactive lesson CDs

2.7.21. Video clips and images for message backgrounds

2.7.22. Video messages

2.7.23. Online chat and videoconferencing counseling‘s

2.7.24. Music

2.7.25. Mobishows and

2.7.26. Cellsodes Radio T.V,

2.7.27. Live stream

Conclusion

Chapter 3

The implication of multimedia for communicating the gospel to the I.P.C Churches in

Trissur

Introduction

3.1. Profile of Trissur district.

3.1.1. Geography

3.1.1.1. Location

3.1.1.2. Climate and Rainfall

3.1.1.3. Soil and Rock

3.1.1.4. Water Resources

3.1.1.5. Forest

3.1.1.6. Drinking Water

3.1.2. Demography

3.1.3. History

3.1.4. Social Background

3.1.4.1 People

3.1.4.1.1. Food Habits

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3.1.4.1.2. Dress and Ornaments

3.1.4.2. Population

3.1.4.3 Literacy

3.1.4.4 Sex Ratio

3.1.4.5 Education3.1.4.6 Travel

3.1.4.7 Tourism

3.1.5. Language

3.1.6. Culture

3.1.6.1 Marriage and Divorce

3.1.6.2 Dress and Ornaments

3.1.6.3 Music and Dance

3.1.6.4 Food and Drinks

3.1.7. Political Condition

3.1.8. Economical Condition

3.1.8.1. Agriculture

3.1.8.1. Industries

3.1.8.1. Natural Sources

3.1.9. Notable Facts

3.1.10. Religious

3.1.10.1. Hinduism

3.1.10.2. Christianity

3.1.10.3. Islam

3.2. Analyses of Communication methods

3.2.1. Current methods used by IPC Churches in Trissur

3.2.2.Comparison of multimedia methods and traditional methods

3.3. Implication of multimedia for communicating the gospel to the I.P.C Churches inTrissur

3.3.1. Origin Development of I.P.C

3.3.2. Faith and Practice

3.3.2.1. Faith

3.3.2.2. Practice

3.3.3. Mission Activities of I.P.C

3.3.4. The Impact of Multimedia in I.P.C

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Thesis 12 10 12

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