Thermoregulation - University of California, Santa Cruz files/Temperature... · Thermoregulation....
Transcript of Thermoregulation - University of California, Santa Cruz files/Temperature... · Thermoregulation....
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ThermoregulationWhat is temperature?
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ThermoregulationWhat is temperature?
Measure of the mean kinetic energyIntrinsic property- independent of object characteristics size, mass etc
Liquid/Gas Solid
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Heat capacity or thermal mass?
Measure of the ability of a substance to store heat kJ g-1
Extrinsic property = varies with characteristics of objectSize, mass, volume etc
Thermoregulation
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Death Valley Pup Fish Death Valley
Trematomous- Antarctic notothaenidAntarctica
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Life Exists Within a Narrow Range
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Uniqueness of WaterHydrogen Bonds
Freezes at 0 °CEvaporates at 100 °C
Heat of vaporization = 540 cal/ml or 40.65 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion = 79.82 cal/g or 333.55 kJ/g
Heat content = 1 cal/g or cp = 75.3 J K−1 mol−1
Heat of vaporization of H2O, is more than five times the energy required to
heat the same quantity of water from 0 °C to 100 °C
Colligative Properties of water
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Common Compunds
Amm
onia
Buta
ne
Etha
nol
Hydr
ogen
Met
hane
Met
hano
l
Prop
ane
Phsp
hine
Wat
er
Hea
t of v
apor
izat
ion
kJ k
g-1
0
500
1000
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Heat of Evaporation
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Amm
onia
Buta
ne
Etha
nol
Hydr
ogen
Met
hane
Met
hano
l
Prop
ane
Phos
phin
e
Wat
er
Hea
t of f
usio
n (m
eltin
g) (c
al g
-1)
0
20
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60
80
100
Melting Point
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Etha
nol
Met
hane
Met
hano
lPr
opan
eW
ater
Etha
neG
lycer
olFo
rmic
aci
dAc
etic
aci
dAc
eton
eBe
nzen
eM
yris
tic a
cid
Palm
itic
acid
Stea
ric a
cid
Para
ffin
wax
Hea
t of F
usio
n (c
al g
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
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The heat of fusion can also be used to predict solubility for solids in liquids.
Provided an ideal solution is obtained the mole fraction (x2) of solute at saturation is a function of the heat of fusion, the melting point of the solid (Tfus) and the temperature (T) of the solution:
Thus the higher the heat of fusion the higher the solubility!Water has very high heat of fusion = high solubility
Thus Water is an Excellent Solvent!!
Water as a Solvent
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Pressure
Not an issue for organisms that live at or near sea level
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How Much of the Available Habitat is at Sea Level?
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Dumbo Squid
Angler FishGiant Deep Water Isopod
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The world's deepest fish (Abyssobrotula galatheae) was found in the Puerto Rican Trench at a depth of 8,372
meters
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160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
Day (julian)
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Dep
th (m
)Elephant Seal Foraging Trip
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale
11 meters
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Hooker et al PRS 2012
Considerable Variation in Foraging Depths
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Gibbs Free Energy
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS + PΔV
Where:ΔG = free energy of reactionΔH = change in enthalpyΔS = change in entropyT = temperatureP = pressure
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Temperature Effects Q10
Temperature
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Potential for Biochemical Adaptation is Limited
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Somero et al 1996
Temperature Adaptation
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Membrane Fluidity
Varies with
Temperature and Pressure
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