Thermal Energy Transfer Conductors & Insulators. Essential Standard 6.P.3 Understand characteristics...
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Transcript of Thermal Energy Transfer Conductors & Insulators. Essential Standard 6.P.3 Understand characteristics...
![Page 1: Thermal Energy Transfer Conductors & Insulators. Essential Standard 6.P.3 Understand characteristics of energy transfer and interactions of matter and.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dbc5503460f94aaddb6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thermal Energy Transfer
Conductors &
Insulators
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Essential Standard
• 6.P.3 Understand characteristics of energy transfer and interactions of matter and energy.
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Clarifying Objective
• 6.P .3.3Explain the suitability of materials for use in technological design based on a response to heat (to include conduction, expansion, and contraction) and electrical energy (conductors and insulators).
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Essential Questions
• What are examples of INSULATORS?
• What are examples of CONDUCTORS?
• How does electrical & thermal energy move through conductors?
• Why does electrical & thermal energy NOT move through INSULATORS?
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Electrical Energy
• To understand how conductors & insulators work we have to understand atoms
• If you remember atoms are the smallest pieces of matter
• They make up everything except photons (which are part of an atom)
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What is Electricity
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAFW4zdXpbY
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Atoms• Atoms have a nucleus & an
outer valence
• In the nucleus & outer valence atoms are composed of 3 things
• Protons- positively charged particles inside the nucleus
• Neutrons- particles that have no electric charge inside the nucleus
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Atoms• Electrons- negatively charged
particles on the Outer Valance
• Atoms will usually have the same number (equal) of protons & electrons to balance themselves out
• Sometimes though there becomes more protons than electrons and then the atom becomes + charged
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Excited Ions• The outermost electrons can
escape away from the atom when it slams into another atom
• When the electron escapes now the there are more protons than electrons and the atom has a + charge
• An atom that has a + charge is called an ion
• Because there are more protons + than electrons the atom gets excited and vibrates
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Jumping Electrons
• When electrons escape it goes to the next atom
• This will cause the electron in the next atom to jump to a different atom
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Jumping Electrons
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Jumping Electrons = Electricity Transfer (Heat/Thermal Energy Transfer)
• When the electron has jumped atoms from one side to another it has passed electricity
• This is how we get our power/electricity in our houses
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How does electrical & thermal energy move through conductors?
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Conductors & Insulators Opposite
• Conductors are Insulators OPPOSITES from each other
• This means if a material is a good conductor it is a bad insulator
• If a material is a good insulator it is a bad conductor
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Conductors
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUhxmXZwPmg
• 4:30-7:15
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Conductors
• Conductors are solids that energy can travel through
• This could be thermal energy (heat) electrical energy or other energy
• There are good conductors & bad conductors
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Good Conductors
• Good conductors are solids that have atoms that are very dense
• The more dense the atoms the better conductors they will be
• This is because the atoms are more tightly compacted together
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Good Conductors
• Good conductors atoms are close enough to each other that the electrons can bounce from one atom to the next passing the heat or electricity
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Bad Conductors• Bad conductors of electricity &
thermal energy exist in three different forms
• Gasses are bad conductors because the particles are so far apart from each other
• Liquids are bad conductors for the same reason
• Solids that are not dense are also bad conductors
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Why are They Bad Conductors
• These are all bad conductors because the atom particles are not dense and they cant jump from atom to atom
• The worst kind of conductor is actually called an insulator
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Insulators
• Insulators are materials used to keep heat & sound contained inside something
• Insulators keep heat inside something
• Insulators keep electricity inside something
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Insulator
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUhxmXZwPmg
• 7:15-8:15
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• Why does electrical & thermal energy NOT move through INSULATORS?
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Good Insulators
• Good insulators will NOT allow electrons to move from one end to another
• They trap the electrons keeping the heat or electricity inside something
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What makes a Good Insulator• Materials that have many
different types of atoms make good insulators (Styrofoam cups)
• This is because the DIFFERENT types of atoms BOND together
• Now not only are the atoms are the same connected together but also those atoms are forming BONDS to other types of atoms
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What makes a Good Insulator
• This forms a wall and does not allow the electrons to escape from one atom to the next
• If the electrons cant escape the neither the thermal energy or electrical energy can be transferred
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Great Conductors
• Have to be solids
• Metals from the periodic table are the best because they are just one kind of atom & very dense– Copper– Aluminum– Gold– Silver– People & Animals
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Great Insulators
• Solid nonmetals that are NOT DENSE– Styrofoam– koozies– Rubber– Plastic– Glass– Ceramic/Porcelain– Clothing
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• What are examples of INSULATORS?
• What are examples of CONDUCTORS?
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EOG Questions
• Why are some coffee cups composed of ceramic material?
• A) Ceramic materials are conductors that limit heat transfer.
• B) Ceramic materials are insulators that limit heat transfer.
• C) Ceramic materials are conductors that aid heat transfer.
• D) Ceramic materials are insulators that aid heat transfer.
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EOG Questions• A worker for an electrical company is preparing to fix a power line.
Why would he put on rubber gloves before working with any power lines?
• A) Rubber is a poor conductor of heat but a good conductor of electricity.
• B) Rubber is a good conductor of heat but a poor conductor of electricity.
• C) Rubber is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
• D) Rubber is a good conductor of heat and electricity.