The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014....
Transcript of The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014....
![Page 1: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The rela(onship between mental strategies and runners’ sex, speed,
and GRIT
![Page 2: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mo(va(onal self-‐talk found to reduce RPE and enhance endurance performance Supports psychobiological model, Hill’s theory cannot explain performance and suggests cri(cal role of brain
![Page 3: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mentally fa(gued subjects rated exercise as more difficult, disengaged earlier Bri(sh Journal of Sports Medicine suggests teaching athlete to select pacing strategies by associated emo(on
![Page 4: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What strategies do people use to deal with adversi2es while running? Do different strategies yield beLer results (faster speed)? Do these results differ between men and women?
What goals do people have while running? Do different goals yield beLer results (faster speed)? Do these results differ between men and women?
Is GRIT related to mental strategies? Does it also correlate with speed? Does this differ between men and women?
![Page 5: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Race: February 22nd 8K and 15K
40 transcripts 12 women and 28 men of varying ages
![Page 6: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
We had various methods …
Interviewed at least 5 people each
Transcribed data and coded GRIT scores
Had peers do pilesorts
Performed reliability analysis
Created comparison charts and graphs of mental strategies, goals, and GRIT vs. speed
![Page 7: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Female 53%
Male 47%
Runners' Demographics Day of Race
Female 30%
Male 70%
Sample Runners' Demographics Non-sample runners
96%
Sample Runners 3.87%
Sample Runners
![Page 8: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Females Average Speed Average Age
Race 2.51 38.1
Sample Size 2.83 34.1
Males Average Speed Average Age
Race 3.02 41.9
Sample Size 3.41 36.8
![Page 9: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What strategies do people use to deal with adversi2es while running? Do different strategies yield beLer results (faster speed)? Do these results differ between men and women?
![Page 11: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
My mental strategy is… Associa(ve “Telling myself I can make it through, and nothing’s over.”
“I use landmarks as I go.”
Dissocia(ve “I run I’m just zoned in, I just ignore my surroundings. I listen to music too.
“Don’t think about the pain.”
![Page 12: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Men run faster than women using any of the three strategies
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Associa(ve Both Dissocia(ve
Average Speed (m
/s)
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average Speed
Females
Males
![Page 13: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pacing and breathing
Other strategies
Compe((on
Immediate goals
Music and zone out
Posi(ve thinking
Pain/reinforcement/finish
![Page 15: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
My mental strategy is…
Compe((on “I try not to let other women pass me.”
“I’m usually focused on the person in front of me, and either catching up with them or not losing any more distance”
Immediate Goals
“I basically just get started, pace myself, and finish.”
“I set a goal for each mile.”
![Page 16: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
My mental strategy is… Music/zone out
“I listen to a lot of hip hop music when I run. R&B, gospel, it doesn’t maLer.”
“I have an awesome playlist. So I kind of zone out everybody else.”
Posi(ve Thinking
“I picture my children at the finish line.”
“The fact that the two of us are together, that really helps, and just thinking posi(vely.”
![Page 17: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
My mental strategy is… Pacing and breathing “I concentrate on trying to do an even pace, not
go out too fast.” “Slow down my breathing, and keep pace with
my foot strike.”
Pain/Reinforcement/Finish “Don’t think about the pain.” “Mind over maLer.” “Just to stay focused on finishing.”
![Page 18: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Overall, running faster correlates with thinking about finishing/pain/reinforcement, compe((on, or immediate goals
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Average Speed (m
/s)
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average Speed
![Page 19: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Faster women tend to think about compe((on
-‐1.1
-‐0.85
-‐0.6
-‐0.35
-‐0.1
0.15
0.4
0.65
0.9
Average Stan
dardized
Spe
ed (m
/s)
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average Standardized Speed
Females
Males
![Page 20: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Faster men tend to think about pain/reinforcement/finishing
-‐1.1
-‐0.85
-‐0.6
-‐0.35
-‐0.1
0.15
0.4
0.65
0.9
Average Stan
dardized
Spe
ed (m
/s)
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average Standardized Speed
Females
Males
![Page 21: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What goals do people have while running? Do different goals yield beLer results (faster speed)? Do these results differ between men and women?
![Page 22: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
My goal is…
Just finish “To finish… I never ran an 8k before.”
Feel good “My goal was to go out there and run rela(vely even and feel good.”
Pace “Somewhere around 8 minute miles.”
![Page 23: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
My goal is… Time “37 minutes.”
Combina(on “To finish well and to get a beLer (me for the Peachtree Road Race.”
Other “I’m preparing for a marathon, so I wanted to
be around another group of people”
![Page 24: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
On average, runners who run faster have goals related to specific (mes or “feeling good”
![Page 25: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Females who run faster tend to have goals related to “feeling good”
![Page 26: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Males who run faster tend to have a combina(on of more than one goal
![Page 27: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Is GRIT related to mental strategies? Does it also correlate with speed? Does this differ between men and women?
![Page 28: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
Associa(ve Both Dissocia(ve
Average GRIT
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. GRIT
People who use associa(ve mental strategies correlate with having higher
average GRIT
![Page 30: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
People with the highest average GRIT also use “other” mental strategies
while running
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Average GRIT
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average GRIT
![Page 31: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Men with higher average GRIT tend to use dissocia(ve mental strategies while
women tend to use associa(ve strategies
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Associa(ve Both Dissocia(ve
Average GRIT
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. GRIT
Males
Females
![Page 32: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Higher average GRIT associates with pain/reinforcement/finishing in women and with “other” mental strategies in
men
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Average GRIT
Mental Strategies
Mental Strategies vs. Average GRIT
Males
Females
![Page 33: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
GRIT and speed are inversely related
y = -‐0.027x + 3.9865 R² = 0.03618
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Speed (m
/s)
GRIT
GRIT vs. Speed (overall)
![Page 34: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Why does this maLer?
![Page 35: The$relaonship$between$mental$ …scholarblogs.emory.edu/hadley/files/2014/10/Runners... · 2014. 10. 3. · The$relaonship$between$mental$ strategies$and$runners’$sex,$speed,$](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071218/6051303579290e14c36b76c1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Works Cited Blanchfield, A. W., Hardy, J., de Morree, H. M., Staiano, W., & Marcora, S. (2014). Talking Yourself out of Exhaus(on: The Effects of Self-‐Talk on Endurance Performance.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Noakes, T. D. (2011). Time to move beyond a brainless exercise physiology: the evidence for complex regula(on of human exercise performance. Applied Physiology, Nutri:on, and Metabolism, 36, 23-‐35. Marcora, S. M., Staiano, W., & Manning, V. (2009). Mental Fa(gue Impairs Physical Performance In Humans. Journal of applied Physiology, 106, 857-‐864 Baron, B., Moullan, F., Deruelle, F., & Noakes, T. (2009). The role of emo(ons on pacing strategies and performance in middle and long dura(on sport events. Bri:sh Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 511-‐517.