• There are four different types of blood A, B, AB, O.

• They are determined by the protein (antigen) found on the RBCs.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•Approximately 45% of the

population is group O.

•No A or B antigens present, think of

as “o” antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-A

and anti-B antibodies which circulate

in the blood plasma at all times.

•Approximately 45% of the

population is group O.

•No A or B antigens present, think of

as “o” antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-A

and anti-B antibodies which circulate

in the blood plasma at all times.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•Approximately 40% of the population is

group A.•No B antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-B

antibodies which circulate in the blood

plasma at all times.

•If you belong to the blood group A, you

have A antigens on the surface of your red

blood cells and B antibodies in your blood

plasma

•Approximately 40% of the population is

group A.•No B antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-B

antibodies which circulate in the blood

plasma at all times.

•If you belong to the blood group A, you

have A antigens on the surface of your red

blood cells and B antibodies in your blood

plasma

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•Approximately 11% of the population

is group B.

•No A antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-A

antibodies which circulate in the blood

plasma at all times.

•If you belong to the blood group B, you

have B antigens on the surface of your

red blood cells and A antibodies in your

blood plasma.

•Approximately 11% of the population

is group B.

•No A antigens present.

•These individuals form potent anti-A

antibodies which circulate in the blood

plasma at all times.

•If you belong to the blood group B, you

have B antigens on the surface of your

red blood cells and A antibodies in your

blood plasma.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•Approximately 4% of the population is

group AB.

•Both A and B antigens present.

•These individuals possess no ABO

antibodies.

•If you belong to the blood group AB, you

have both A and B antigens on the surface

of your red blood cells and no A or B

antibodies at all in your blood plasma

•Approximately 4% of the population is

group AB.

•Both A and B antigens present.

•These individuals possess no ABO

antibodies.

•If you belong to the blood group AB, you

have both A and B antigens on the surface

of your red blood cells and no A or B

antibodies at all in your blood plasma

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

• First found in a monkey.

• Based on whether it has a antigen (protein) D, Rh+ has the protein, Rh- does not have the protein.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•Father--Rh+ blood.

•Mother is Rh– .

•Child could be Rh +.

•1st pregnancy--if the baby is rh +, then there are no complications. •However, the mother will start to develop antibodies against the Rh factor

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

• Second pregnancy, if the child is +, the mother’s antibodies can cross the placenta and start to attack the fetus’ blood cells, causing hemolysis.

• Hemolysis--breakdown of RBC and the release of hemoglobin into the plasma which can damage organs.

• This is called erythroblastosis fetalis,can cause severe anemia, jaundice possibly death.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

•For each well Place 1-2 drops of blood from one bottle in all 3 wells.

•1-3 drops of anti-A serum to one well and stir.

•1-3 drops of anti-B serum to one well and stir.

•1-3 drops of anti-Rh serum to one well and stir.

•Look for clumping reaction.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash