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![Page 1: Theories of Second Language Acquisition. Behaviorism A change in external behavior achieved through a large amount of repetition of desired actions. The.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c02c1a28abf838cd8dbf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Theories of Second
Language Acquisition
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Behaviorism
• A change in external behavior achieved through a large amount of repetition of desired actions.
• The reward of good habits and the discouragement of bad habits.
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In the classroom This view of learning lead us to
• A great deal of repetitive actions.
•Praise for correct outcomes and immediate corrections of mistakes.
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In the field of language learning this type of teaching was called the audio-lingual method.
The whole class using choral chanting of key phrases, dialogues and immediate correction.
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Nativism• In The field of psychology, nativism is that certain skills or abilities are native or hardwired in to the brain at birth.
• This is in contrast to the view Which states “brain has inborn capabilities for learning from the environment.”
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Researches on the human capacity for language provides strong support for a nativism view.
• No human society has ever been discovered that doesn’t employ a language
• All medically intact children acquire at last one language in early childhood.
• Universal grammar (UG) that is used for the innate properties of human brain that are responsible for children’s rapid and successful acquisition of a native language, without any obvious effort during the first five years of life.
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Cognitivism
• A cognivitism theory of learning sees second language acquisition as a conscious and reasoned thinking process, involving the deliberate use of language strategies.
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• Learning strategies are special ways of processing information that enhance comprehension, learning and or retention of information.
• This explanation of language learning contrast strongly with the behaviorism which sees language learning as an unconscious, automatic process.
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•Cognitive theory promotes the constructive nature of the learning process.
•Not the accumulation of facts. But constructing personal meaning from experience.
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Social Interactions• This theory emphasize the role of social interaction
between the developing child and linguistically knowledgeable adults.
• Language, according to social interactionists, develop through interaction with other human biengs.
• Social interactionists climes that no critical period for language acquisition exist as the process of information is not dependent on biological or cognitive development.
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Worksheet
Popular ideas about language learning:
Match the following statements to the four major approaches to language learning.
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• I best learn things when I repeat them over and over.
• I only learn something when I first understand it.
• When I work on my own I learn much better.
• I believe language learning capacity is God-given.
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• If I want to learn something well, I put the information into different categories.
• I usually prefer to work in groups of people at my age in order to learn something complex.
• I expect people around to correct me whenever I make a mistake.
• A second language is learnt in the same order the first language is acquired.
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•When I share something I’ve learnt with others I make it stronger in my mind.
• I always have a plan to start, keep, and finalize my studies.
• I learn something best when I can use it in my real life.
• I don’t believe in formal instruction. I think language should be picked up naturally.