Theories of motivation Theories of motivation

Submitted To :->Miss Namita Jain Submitted By:-> Shakshi RanawatClass:-> MCA 4th semester

Contents of DiscussionContents of Discussion

What is motivation ?What is motivation ? Why motivation needed ?Why motivation needed ? Characteristics of motivationCharacteristics of motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Herzberg theoryHerzberg theory Douglas McGregor’s theory X Douglas McGregor’s theory X

and theory Y and theory Y

What is motivation ?What is motivation ?

Motivation is one of the key factors driving us towards achieving something. Without motivation, we will do nothing. Therefore, motivation is one of the key aspects when it comes to corporate management. In order to achieve the best business results, the organization needs to keep employees motivated.

• “Motivation is the act of stimulating someone to get a desired course of action.”

Characteristics of motivationCharacteristics of motivation

Personal and Internal FeelingPersonal and Internal Feeling Art of Stimulating Someone Or OneselfArt of Stimulating Someone Or Oneself Motivation can be either Positive or Motivation can be either Positive or

NegativeNegative Motivation can be either Positive or Motivation can be either Positive or

NegativeNegative

Motivation is System OrientedMotivation is System Oriented Motivation is a Sort of BargainingMotivation is a Sort of Bargaining Motivation is different from SatisfactionMotivation is different from Satisfaction

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

According to this theory, human behavior is related to his/her needs, and is adjusted as per the nature of needs to be satisfied.

Maslow identified 5 sets of human needs arranged in a hierarchy based on their importance and priority.

When one set of needs have been met, they cease to be a motivating factor, causing the next set to take its place.

Why motivation needed?Why motivation needed?

Now days everyone wants to start their Now days everyone wants to start their own business. You cannot expect them own business. You cannot expect them to commit all their energy to the to commit all their energy to the company. you have to find common company. you have to find common ground and respect their wishes.ground and respect their wishes.

In order to motivate the employees, In order to motivate the employees, organizations do various activities. The organizations do various activities. The activities the companies do basically the activities the companies do basically the results and findings of certain results and findings of certain motivational theories.motivational theories.

Maslow's hierarchy of need Maslow's hierarchy of need categories is the most famous categories is the most famous example:example:

1.Physiological

2.Safety

3.Love

4.Esteem

5.Self-Actualization

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11..Physiological NeedsPhysiological Needs These are the basic needs for air , water , food , sleep, These are the basic needs for air , water , food , sleep,

shelter and other bodily needs.shelter and other bodily needs. These needs are independent of each other.These needs are independent of each other. Employees are motivated by salary and wages , healthy Employees are motivated by salary and wages , healthy

working condition and basic amenities .working condition and basic amenities .

2.2.Safety NeedsSafety Needs Needs for protection against danger , threats and accident Needs for protection against danger , threats and accident

arise.arise. Employees are motivated by providing good home , fresh Employees are motivated by providing good home , fresh

air , water , hygienic work environment , Safe working air , water , hygienic work environment , Safe working condition .condition .

Security of job also motivate the employees. Security of job also motivate the employees.

Continues…Continues…

3.3.Social NeedsSocial Needs Need for love , affection and affiliation Need for love , affection and affiliation

arise. arise. Individual want to become a part of Individual want to become a part of

group and want to be loved and group and want to be loved and guided by the group and wants to guided by the group and wants to have a respected place in the societyhave a respected place in the society

An individual wants friendly An individual wants friendly relationships with people at work relationships with people at work placeplace

Continues…Continues…

4.4.Esteem NeedsEsteem Needs Everyone has a need for self-respect. Everyone has a need for self-respect. This produces the desire for strength, confidence, This produces the desire for strength, confidence,

prestige, recognition and appreciation. prestige, recognition and appreciation. These needs are rarely fully satisfied.These needs are rarely fully satisfied.

5.5.Self-actualization NeedsSelf-actualization Needs This need is highest level needs. in this need the This need is highest level needs. in this need the

person want to become example setter . people prefer person want to become example setter . people prefer growth achievement and out standing performance growth achievement and out standing performance

In this need the employee want challanging job as In this need the employee want challanging job as they want to become innovative and creativethey want to become innovative and creative

Herzberg theoryHerzberg theory

The two-factor theory (also known as The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory) states that theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. dissatisfaction.

According to Herzberg, two kinds of factors affect motivation, and they do it in different ways:

Hygiene factors.Hygiene factors.

These are factors whose absence These are factors whose absence motivates, but whose presence has motivates, but whose presence has no perceived effect. They are things no perceived effect. They are things that when you take them away, that when you take them away, people become dissatisfied and act people become dissatisfied and act to get them back.to get them back.

Motivators.Motivators.

These are factors whose presence These are factors whose presence motivates. Their absence does not motivates. Their absence does not cause any particular dissatisfaction, cause any particular dissatisfaction, it just fails to motivate.it just fails to motivate.

Satisfaction and Satisfaction and DissatisfactionDissatisfaction Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on a

continuum with one increasing as the other diminishes, but are independent phenomena. 

The opposite of Satisfaction is ‘No Satisfaction’ but not dissatisfaction.

The opposite of Dissatisfaction is ‘No Dissatisfaction’ but not Satisfaction.

So hygiene factors determine dissatisfaction, and motivators determine satisfaction. The two scales are independent, and you can be high on both

Continues….Continues….

Satisfaction which is mostly affected by the "motivator factors". Motivation factors help increase the satisfaction but aren't that affective on dissatisfaction.

Dissatisfaction is the results of the "hygiene factors". These factors, if absent or inadequate, cause dissatisfaction, but their presence has little effect on long-term satisfaction.

Motivation–Hygiene Theory of Motivation

• Achievement• Achievement recognition • Work itself• Responsibility• Advancement• Growth• Salary

Motivation factors increase job satisfaction

Step One: Eliminate Job DissatisfactionStep One: Eliminate Job Dissatisfaction

Herzberg called the causes of dissatisfaction "hygiene factors". Herzberg called the causes of dissatisfaction "hygiene factors". To get rid of them, you need to:To get rid of them, you need to:

Fix poor and obstructive company policies.Fix poor and obstructive company policies. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision.Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. Create and support a culture of respect and dignity for all team Create and support a culture of respect and dignity for all team

members.members. Ensure that wages are competitive.Ensure that wages are competitive. Build job status by providing meaningful work for all positions.Build job status by providing meaningful work for all positions. Provide job security.Provide job security. All of these actions help you eliminate job dissatisfaction in All of these actions help you eliminate job dissatisfaction in

your organization. And there's no point trying to motivate your organization. And there's no point trying to motivate people until these issues are out of the way!people until these issues are out of the way!

You can't stop there, though. Remember, just because someone You can't stop there, though. Remember, just because someone is not dissatisfied, it doesn't mean he or she is satisfied either! is not dissatisfied, it doesn't mean he or she is satisfied either! Now you have to turn your attention to building job Now you have to turn your attention to building job satisfaction.satisfaction.

Step Two: Create Conditions for Job Step Two: Create Conditions for Job SatisfactionSatisfaction

To create satisfaction, Herzberg says you need to address the To create satisfaction, Herzberg says you need to address the motivating factors associated with work. He called this "job motivating factors associated with work. He called this "job enrichment". His premise was that every job should be enrichment". His premise was that every job should be examined to determine how it could be made better and more examined to determine how it could be made better and more satisfying to the person doing the work. Things to consider satisfying to the person doing the work. Things to consider include:include:

Providing opportunities for achievement.Providing opportunities for achievement. Recognizing workers' contributions.Recognizing workers' contributions. Creating work that is rewarding and that matches the skills and Creating work that is rewarding and that matches the skills and

abilities of the worker.abilities of the worker. Giving as much responsibility to each team member as Giving as much responsibility to each team member as

possible.possible. Providing opportunities to advance in the company through Providing opportunities to advance in the company through

internal promotions.internal promotions. Offering training and development opportunities, so that people Offering training and development opportunities, so that people

can pursue the positions they want within the company.can pursue the positions they want within the company.

The 2008 graph diagram is based on the total percentages of 'First-The 2008 graph diagram is based on the total percentages of 'First-Level' factors arising in Herzberg's 1959 research of high and low Level' factors arising in Herzberg's 1959 research of high and low attitude events among 200 engineers and accountants, encompassing attitude events among 200 engineers and accountants, encompassing short and long duration feelings.short and long duration feelings.

ConclusionConclusion

Correcting hygiene matters will improve the Correcting hygiene matters will improve the working environment, and help reduce working environment, and help reduce contentment displayed by the workers; keeping contentment displayed by the workers; keeping them happy as well.them happy as well.

Because of this both the business and the Because of this both the business and the workers are likely to benfit. This will make the workers are likely to benfit. This will make the workers content, and motivated. Motivated workers content, and motivated. Motivated workers will allow for an increase in their workers will allow for an increase in their productivityproductivity

Douglas McGregor’s theory YDouglas McGregor’s theory Y

Are willing to workAre willing to work Are capable of self controlAre capable of self control Accept responsibilityAccept responsibility Are imaginative and creativeAre imaginative and creative Self-directedSelf-directed

Manager Assumes that worker……..

Continues….Continues….

Work is natural as play ,if the conditions are Work is natural as play ,if the conditions are favorable.favorable.

Self- control is often indispensable in achieving Self- control is often indispensable in achieving organizational goals.organizational goals.

The capacity for creativity in solving The capacity for creativity in solving organizational problems is widely distributed in organizational problems is widely distributed in the population .the population .

Motivation occurs at the social ,esteem and self Motivation occurs at the social ,esteem and self actualization levels as well as physiological and actualization levels as well as physiological and security levels.security levels.

People can be self directed and creative at work People can be self directed and creative at work if properly motivated. if properly motivated.

Douglas McGregor’s theory XDouglas McGregor’s theory X

According to This theory, managers believe workers

Dislike work Lack ambition Are irresponsible Are resistant to change Prefer to be led

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Most people are not ambitious , have little Most people are not ambitious , have little desire for responsibility , and prefer to be desire for responsibility , and prefer to be directed.directed.

Most people have little capacity for creativity Most people have little capacity for creativity in solving organizational problemsin solving organizational problems

Motivation occurs only at the physiological and Motivation occurs only at the physiological and safety levels.safety levels.

Most people must be closely controlled and Most people must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational often coerced to achieve organizational objectives.objectives.

ConclusionConclusion

Motivation basically refers to need, ability and rewards.

For Unskilled workers required theory X.

For skill worker need to theory Y.

In GURU movie Abhishek Bachchan who performing the role of Gurukant Desai use Both theory, i.e Theory X and Theory Y. For achieve his goals he self-motivated and also motivate to others.