Theories of Communication

COMMUNICATION SKILLSOUBA015113

MANSA DABY

LEARNING

OBJECTIVES

Define communication

Describe the process of communication

Distinguish the elements of communication

Identify the functions of communication

Understand the benefits & barriers to

communication

DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION = SHARING OF MEANING

LATIN: ‘COMMUNICARE’ = BE IN CONNECTION

WITH

Task:

Find a

wholesome

definition of

Communication

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

LINGUISTIC FORM

SYMBOLIC FORM

Verbal

Non-verbal

Task:

Make a list of

examples

of each

MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION

Linear / Bull’s Eye

Model of Communication

SENDER RECEIVER

MESSAGE

Circular Flow / Ping Pong

Model of Communication

SENDER

MESSAGE

RECEIVER

FEEDBACK

EXAMPLES OF LINEAR / CIRCULAR

COMMUNICATION

BENEFITS OF LINEAR / CIRCULAR

COMMUNICATION

DRAWBACKS OF LINEAR /

CIRCULAR COMMUNICATION

5 W’s of COMMUNICATION

HAROLD LASSWELL

Who says SENDER

What MESSAGE

To Whom RECEIVER

Through What channel MEDIUM

Why/With What effect RESULT

The Shannon – Weaver Mathematical

Model of Communication, 1949

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

SOURCE – the one who initiates the process of

communication

ENCODING – actions undertaken by the source to

translate thoughts, ideas and feelings into a form

perceptible by the senses


TRANSMISSION – using physical channels to get

the message across

CHANNEL – the physical medium through which

the message travels

CODE – the system of signs used

RECEIVER – the target of the message

DECODING – actions undertaken by the receiver to

translate or interpret the message

DESTINATION – the ultimate recipient of the

message


BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

(Noise/ Interference)

IDEA ENCODING / DECODING

Perception

- Knowledge - Values

- Past - Culture

experience

- Feelings - Attitudes

CONTEXT of Communication

Situation

Reason

Environment: physical & social

Circumstances

SOURCES OF NOISE / INTERFERENCE

» Mechanical noise: made by the physical

device encoding/decoding message

» Semantic noise: different meanings for

same words or expressions

SOURCES OF NOISE / INTERFERENCE

» Environmental noise: Completely external

of the communication process

» Internal noise: occurs inside the mind of

the receiver [selective attention/

retention, selective distortion, selective

recall]

Examples of:

» Mechanical Noise

» Semantic Noise

» Environmental Noise

» Internal Noise

ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION

Genre

Topic / Referential focus

Purpose

Setting

Participants

ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION

Message form (Channel + Code)

Message content

Act sequence/ ordering (turn-taking, overlap)

Rules + norms of interaction (cultural

presupposition, shared understanding, etc.)

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL

INTERPERSONAL LEVEL

INTRAGROUP

INTERGROUP

INSTITUTIONAL / ORGANISATIONAL LEVEL


FORMAL LEVEL

INFORMAL LEVEL

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

MASS COMMUNICATION


INSTITUTIONAL

SOCIETAL

INTERPERSONAL

GROUP

INTRAPERSONAL

Categorize the following:

Conversation among family members at the

dinner table

Inter-office memo

Prime Minister’s speech on TV

Kid reciting multiplication tables

Complaint letter from a group of students to

Finance department of university

COMMUNICATION STYLES

PASSIVE STYLE

ASSERTIVE STYLE

AGGRESSIVE STYLE

Task:

Make a list of

characteristics

of each

1.What is Spongebob’s Communication Style?

A. Passive B. Assertive C. Aggressive

2. What is Plakton’s Communication Style?

A. Passive B. Assertive C. Aggressive

3. Is Plakton really teaching Spongebob

to be more assertive?Yes No

4. Does Spongebob manage

to become more assertive in the end?Yes No

I’m a great believer that any tool that enhances

communication has profound effects in terms of how

people can learn from each other, and how they can

achieve the kind of freedoms that they’re interested in.

Bill Gates

Theories of Communication

Education

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