THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES
Transcript of THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES
TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT
TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES
CHAABANE RAMZI, SAIDI ABDELKADER, ROUISSI MUSTAPHA,
INAGAKI MASANORI, BARI ABDALLAH
• Fresh water is a scarce resource.
• World Meteorological Organization, 2.5% is fresh water
• Changes in climatic variables, can increase the salinity problems
• Improving salt tolerance of plants has been proposed as part of the solution to some of these problems.
INTRODUCTION
Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies
Plant material (2012-2013)
• 4 Australian (CSIRO) lines: NAX1 027- NAX1 207 - NAX2 04 - NAX2 42
• A line (CBD27)
• 18 Tunisian cultivars: Azizi, Baidha, Ben Bechir, Beskri, Bidi, Chile, Inrat 69 Karim, Khiar, Maali, Maghrbi, Mahmoudi, Nasr, Om Rabi, Razzek, Richi, Salim, SwabaEljia.
• Semi-controlled conditions: Carriage + Shelter
• Three replicate of two treatments:
- Saline: 150 mM NaCl;
- Fresh water : control.
• Growth, Development, Reproductive, Physiological and Final Harvest Parameters
• STI : Observation at salinity divided the average controls
RESULTS
• Parameters significantly (p < 0.05) affected
– Spike-bearing tillers per plant
– Plant height at 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS
– Heading date
– Shoot dry weight
– Root weight
– Chlorophyll content (SPAD Unit) 90 and 150 DAS
• Parameters less affected – Flowering date
Growth, Development, Reproductive and
Physiological Parameters
• Parameters significantly (p < 0.05) affected
– Number of spike per plant
– Number of spikelets per spike
– Number of grains per spike
– 1000 kernel weight
– Grain yield per plant
• Parameters less affected – Spike length
Harvest Parameters
Tillage
Fig.1: Mean tiller number per plant in
salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)
Genotypes STI
KHIAR 0,46 A
KERIM 0,51 Ab
BIDI 0,53 Ab
NASR 0,54 Ab
INRAT69 0,58 Ab
RAZZEK 0,59 Ab
BENBECHIR 0,65 Ab
NAX1-027 0,67 Ab
OMRABIAA 0,67 Ab
MAGHRBI 0,69 Ab
CBD27 0,71 Ab
NAX1-207 0,71 Ab
SELIM 0,72 Ab
MAALI 0,74 Ab
CHILI 0,75 Ab
MAHMOUDI 0,78 Ab
NAX2-04 0,8 Ab
NAX2-42 0,8 Ab
BESKRI 0,84 Abc
BAIDHA 0,87 Abc
AZIZI 1 Bc
RICHI 1 Bc
SWEBAELJIA 1,22 C
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
MAHM
OUDI
OM
RABIA
A
KERIM
SELI
M
MAGHRBI
KHIA
R
NAS
R
BENBEC
HIR
RAZZEK
CBD
27
INRAT69
BIDI
MAALI
CHIL
I
SWEBA
ELJIA
RIC
HI
BAID
HA
BESKR
I
AZIZI
NAX
1-207
NAX
1-027
NAX
2-42
NAX
2-04
talle
s/p
lante
T0
T1
Til
ler
/ p
lan
t
Shoot dry weight
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
MAH
MOUDI
OM
RABIA
A
KER
IM
SELI
M
MAG
HRBI
KHIA
R
NASR
BEN
BEC
HIR
RAZZ
EK
CBD27
INRAT6
9BID
I
MAA
LI
CHIL
I
SW
EBA
ELJIA
RIC
HI
BAID
HA
BES
KRI
AZI
ZI
NAX1-
207
NAX1-
027
NAX2-
42
NAX2-
04
(g) T0
T1
Genotypes STI
OMRABIAA 0,35 A
INRAT69 0,42 A
MAALI 0,42 A
KHIAR 0,45 ab
NAX1-207 0,45 ab
NAX2-04 0,46 ab
RAZZEK 0,47 ab
NAX1-027 0,48 ab
SELIM 0,49 ab
CHILI 0,52 ab
BAIDHA 0,52 ab
BESKRI 0,53 ab
RICHI 0,54 ab
BIDI 0,54 ab
CBD27 0,56 ab
MAGHRBI 0,58 ab
SWEBAELJ 0,59 ab
AZIZI 0,61 ab
BENBECHIR 0,65 ab
NASR 0,66 ab
KERIM 0,68 ab
MAHMOUDI 0,70 ab
NAX2-42 0,89 B
Fig.2: Mean shoot dry weight (g/plant) in
salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
MAHM
OUDI
OM
RABIA
A
KER
IM
SELIM
MAGHRBI
KHIA
R
NASR
BEN
BECHIR
RAZZE
K
CBD27
INRAT69
BID
I
MAALI
CHIL
I
SW
EBA
ELJ
IA
RIC
HI
BAID
HA
BES
KRI
AZIZ
I
NAX1-
207
NAX1-
027
NAX2-
42
NAX2-
04
(g) T0
T1
Génotypes ITS
OMRABIAA 0,22 A
INRAT69 0,25 A
RAZZEK 0,30 A
MAALI 0,31 A
NAX1-207 0,32 A
NAX2-04 0,33 A
SELIM 0,38 A
NAX2-42 0,39 A
BIDI 0,40 A
KERIM 0,45 AB
BAIDHA 0,45 AB
KHIAR 0,45 AB
NAX1-027 0,47 AB
MAGHRBI 0,47 AB
BENBECHIR 0,49 AB
SWEBAELJIA 0,49 AB
CHILI 0,49 AB
BESKRI 0,50 AB
CBD27 0,56 AB
RICHI 0,57 AB
AZIZI 0,57 AB
NASR 0,58 AB
MAHMOUDI 0,75 B
Grain yield
Fig.3: Mean grain yield (g/plant) in salinity
treatment (T1) and control (T0)
00,5
11,5
22,5
33,5
MA
HM
OU
DI
OM
RA
BIA
A
KE
RIM
SE
LIM
MA
GH
RB
I
KH
IAR
NA
SR
BE
NB
EC
HIR
RA
ZZ
EK
CB
D27
INR
AT
69
BID
I
MA
ALI
CH
ILI
SW
EB
AE
LJIA
RIC
HI
BA
IDH
A
BE
SK
RI
AZ
IZI
NA
X1-2
07
NA
X1-0
27
NA
X2-4
2
NA
X2-0
4
T0 T1
Root dry weight (g) Génotypes ITS
KHIAR 0,06 A
CHILI 0,08 A
BIDI 0,08 A
CBD27 0,09 A
AZIZI 0,11 A
OMRABIAA 0,12 A
BAIDHA 0,13 A
BENBECHI 0,13 A
INRAT69 0,15 A
MAHMOUDI 0,16 A
RAZZEK 0,19 A
SELIM 0,20 A
BESKRI 0,25 A
MAGHRBI 0,27 A
KERIM 0,33 A
MAALI 0,35 A
SWEBAELJ 0,37 A
NAX2-42 0,40 A
RICHI 0,44 A
NASR 0,47 A
NAX2-04 1,07 A
NAX1-207 1,26 A
NAX1-027 4,90 B
A B SALINITY CONTROL Fig.4: Root dry weight (g/plant)
Nax Lines
Salt screening parameters
Parameter
(1)
STI
(2)
Correlations
(3)
Tiller number *** *** 0.33*
Shoot dry weight *** ** 0.57*
Plant Height 90 DAS *** * 0.31*
SPAD 90 DAS *** * 0.26*
Grains per spike *** ** 0.42*
1000 kernel weight *** * 0.61*
final yield *** *** -
Table1: Significantly affected parameters (1), STI distinguishing
Significantly between vraities (2) and significant correlations between
STI of the parameter and STI of final yield
*** Very highly significant, ** Highly Significant, * Significant
Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies
INRAT-ICARDA
(2013-2014)
CONFIRM THE SCREENING METHOD
TESTING THE FIGS STRATEGY FOR MINIMISING THE NUMBER OF GENTIC RESOURCES TO BE
SCREENED
Fig. 5: FIGS strategy
Putative tolerant to salt stress
Putative sensible to salt stress
Non specified
Fig.6: Geographical distribution of the FIGS sets based on a prior
information (Climate data)
Plant Material 35 durum wheat landraces putative salt tolerant, 5 putative sensible and
10 unspecified according the pricipe of FIGS
order_ori icarda_ig site_code origin subset dhe Set_type
1 89017 ETH64:131 ETH 0 135 random_set
2 96203 MAR87-1:31 MAR 0 119 random_set
3 43330 OMN87:142 OMN 0 132 random_set
4 95853 SYR87-1:55 SYR 0 149 random_set
5 94651 TUN77::9 TUN 0 132 random_set
6 93977 DZA75::43 DZA 1 135 salinity_set
7 93963 DZA75::43 DZA 1 137 salinity_set
8 93978 DZA75::43 DZA 1 138 salinity_set
9 93151 DZA75::95 DZA 1 139 salinity_set
10 87457 EGY::12 EGY 1 140 salinity_set
11 83479 EGY-S55 EGY 1 140 salinity_set
12 83477 EGY-S55 EGY 1 141 salinity_set
13 87438 EGY-S56 EGY 1 142 salinity_set
14 83366 EGY-S57 EGY 1 146 salinity_set
15 85847 ESP-S1603 ESP 1 140 salinity_set
16 85846 ESP-S1603 ESP 1 146 salinity_set
17 85020 ESP-S1946 ESP 1 147 salinity_set
18 85028 ESP-S1947 ESP 1 142 salinity_set
19 85714 GRC56::11 GRC 1 134 salinity_set
20 85715 GRC56::12 GRC 1 136 salinity_set
21 84830 IND47/48::45 IND 1 148 salinity_set
22 84882 IND47/48::6 IND 1 140 salinity_set
23 86075 IND-S413 IND 1 134 salinity_set
24 85632 IRN-S235 IRN 1 145 salinity_set
Table 4 :Plant material
25 85457 IRN-S406 IRN 1 149 salinity_set
26 83091 IRQ-S176 IRQ 1 155 salinity_set
27 96252 JOR83-2::46 JOR 1 117 salinity_set
28 96367 MAR85:112 MAR 1 NA salinity_set
29 95843 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 132 salinity_set
30 95839 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 149 salinity_set
31 96150 SYR88-2:2 SYR 1 132 salinity_set
32 84454 TUR48::255 TUR 1 141 salinity_set
33 84776 TUR48::588 TUR 1 145 salinity_set
34 82878 TUR48D:1 TUR 1 139 salinity_set
35 82738 TUR48D:242 TUR 1 141 salinity_set
36 82181 UZB::10 UZB 1 148 salinity_set
37 82233 UZB-S149 UZB 1 148 salinity_set
38 82553 ESP27::46 ESP 1 193 salinity_set
39 82635 IRN40::12 IRN 1 189 salinity_set
40 95836 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 194 salinity_set
41 var01 Mahmoudi Unknown
42 var02 Nasr Unknown
43 var03 Selim Unknown
44 var04 Kerim Unknown
45 var05 NAX1_027 Unknown
46 var06 NAX1_207 Unknown
47 var07 NAX2_041 Unknown
48 var08 NAX2_042 Unknown
49 var09 Khiar Unknown
50 var10 Maali Unknown
Nax
lines
Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)
Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)
Fig. 8 Pots (12.5 cm diameter/1m hight )
Better evaluation of root development
T0
T1
Fig.9: A putative tolerant landrace (N°44) in salt treatment (T1)
and control (T0)
Jun 2014
Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a
variety of difficulties:
Valuable genetic resources
screening method
Large number of genetic
resources
Breeding technologies
Parvatz Ahmed, MNV Prasad. Abiotic stress responses in plants metabolism
productivity and sustainability.
Nax1 (gwm312) marker in Tunisian durum
wheat varieties
(2% Agarose gel)
1 OM RABIAA 236
2 KARIM 236
3 SALIM 236
4 MAGHRBI 236
5 KHIAR 199
6 NASR 199/236
7 BEN BECHIR 236
8 RAZZEK 236
9 INRAT 69 236
10 MAALI 236
11 CHILI 199
12 SWABAA ELJIA 199
13 RICHI 199
14 BAIDHA 236
15 BESKRI 199
16 AZIZI 199
17 NAX1 50207 199
18 NAX1 502027 199
19 NAX2 5042 236
20 NAX2 5004 236
21 MAHMOUDI 199
22 JNEH KHOTTIFA 236
23 KASSERINE 199
24 BIDI 199
25 KASSERINE 199
F1 Cross F1 Seeds F1 Seeds
BC1F1 2013-2014
Conclusions
• The semi controlled genetic ressources screening conditions is an easy efficient and useful method for simulating field conditions.
• The screening traits identified in the present study should be confirmed on a larger number of genetic ressources, in different years, conditions and regions.
• The FIGS approach is a useful and efficient tool for reducing the large number of genetic ressources to be evaluated. Reduce cost and efforts.
• Combining mutidisciplinary approaches and methods is a useful way for genetic ressources testing, screening and improving agronomically useful traits to resolve and overcome climatic changes problems.
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
ICARDA: Dr. Abdallah Bari,
Dr. Masanory Inagaki
Ministery of Agriculture of Tunisia
Ministry of higher education and
Scientific research of Tunisia
• Les pots à drainage libre sont déposés sur un
chariot permettant d’abriter les pots en conditions
de pluies.
Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)
Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite
(2013-2014)