Thematic Review Global History & Geography Regents … · Thematic Review Global History &...
-
Upload
hoangthuan -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of Thematic Review Global History & Geography Regents … · Thematic Review Global History &...
~ A ~
Thematic Review Global History & Geography Regents Exam
1. CHANGE (Revolution) Change means basic alterations in things, events, and ideas. Throughout global history, major changes have had significant and lasting impacts on human development. NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: (E,S)
3 causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms P x
Domesticated animals Tigris Euphrates/ganges/Indus
S
Permanent settlements Written laws
E
River valleys Mesopotamia/fertile crescent
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: (E,S)
3 causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms P X
Urbanization (+ / -) Natural Resources (Coal, iron, Alsace Lorraine)
S more people/more need
Sadler Laws (stopped child labor) +
Karl Marx: Communism
E coal and water in England , steam engine (WATT)
Child Labor - Adam Smith: Laissez Faire
FRENCH REVOLUTION: (P)
3 causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms P: Louis 16
Storm Bastille Declaration of Rights of Man
S: Old Regime
Reign of Terror Voltaire, Locke, Enlightenment
E: High Taxes
Napoleon Robespierre
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: (P)
3 causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms P Nicholas II
Lenin, Trotsky collectivization
S Feudalism
Communism: Censorship and Terror
Czar Nicholas
E High Taxes
5 year plan FAIL Karl Marx
Other examples of Change are: Crusades, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Reformation, Scientific Revolution.
~ B ~
2. TURNING POINTS Turning points are times when decisive changes occur. Turning points often have political, social, economic, and cultural impacts. FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Ottoman Empire in 1453. Became Islamic. Name becomes Istanbul
Trade controlled by muslims
Istanbul
Ends Christianity in Mid East
Ottoman Empire
Find new routes to Asia / Columbus
Islam
THE ENCOUNTER, 1492
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Columbus discovers New World
Disease
Triangle Trade: Columbian Exchange
Cultural Diffusion
Encomienda System
New Resources: Tobacco, Coffee, Sugar
Mercantilism
FRENCH REVOLUTION
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms
THE CRUSADES
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Attempt of Christians to take back the Holy Land during Middle Ages.
Increased Trade
Muslims Advanced
Increased Cultural Diffusion
Dark Ages of Christians
Ended Feudalism
Manorialism / Feudalism
MARTIN LUTHER/REFORMATION
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Split in the Catholic Church. Began Protestant Religions.
Splits Church: Lutheran
Recant, 95 Theses, Indulgences
Decreases Power of Church
Henry 8 (Anglican) John Calvin: predestination
Luther Excommunicated
Printing Press
~ C ~
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Fell because it was split in 2, West invaded by barbarians.
Begins Dark Ages
Constantinople
DECENTRALIZED GOV.
Justinian’s Code
Byzantine Empire survives. Feudalism
THE RENAISSANCE
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Rebirth of Greek and roman culture in Europe
Printing press
Gutenburg
Increased Art / Literature
Da Vinci, Michelangelo
Machiavelli The Prince THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms England LIMITED POWER OF KING
People got rights
Magna Carta
Established the Parliament Bill of Rights
THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms Ended the Cold War between US and USSR
Ended the Cold war
Glasnost
All countries in Eastern Europe became FREE.
Perestroika
Turkey, Czech, Poland, Austria Gorbachev THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
Historical Context 3 effects 3 Key Terms
Bosnian Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing
Other examples of Turning Points are: Magna Carta, Independence Movements in Latin America, Russian Revolution, Invention of the Printing Press, Congress of Vienna, Industrial Revolution, WWII, Freeing of Nelson Mandela.
~ D ~
3. BELIEF SYSTEMS Established orderly ways in which groups or individuals look at religious faith or philosophical tenets. CHRISTIANITY
Where? 3 Beliefs 3 Key Terms Western Europe
Monotheistic
Jerusalem
Jesus is Messiah
10 command
Bible Crusades ISLAM
Where? 3 Beliefs 3 Key Terms Middle East
Hajj Allah Fasting during Ramadan Koran 5x a day Mecca
JUDAISM
Where? 3 Beliefs 3 Key Terms Israel
Holy Land: Jerusalem
Zionism
Abraham
Balfour Declaration
Torah
Holocaust
BUDDHISM
Where? 3 Beliefs 3 Key Terms China / India
8 Fold Path
Siddartha Gautama
4 Noble Truths
Desires
Nirvana
Dalai Lama
HINDUISM
Where? 3 Beliefs 3 Key Terms India
Reincarnation
Karma
Caste System
Darma
Polytheistic
Untouchables
Other examples of belief systems are Animism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism, Sikkhism
~ E ~
4. GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT This essay has to do with relationships among people, places, and environments. Environment means the surroundings, including natural elements and elements created by humans.
Early River Civilizations
3 Civilizations & River Describe how rivers impact development 3 Key Terms Indus: Indian Civ.
Water, Fertile Land, Animals, Transporation, Fish
Neolithic
Mesopotamia: Tigris/Euphrates
Fertile Crescent
Egypt: Nile
Domest. Animals
Influence of Geography on Japan
Geographic Characteristics How did Japan adapt to geography? 3 Key Terms Island, Archipelgo
Isolated Terrace Farms Fish Lack natural resources
Imperialism
Mountains
Manchuria
Water
Meiji Restoration
Influence of Geography on Great Britain
Geographic Characteristics How did England adapt to geography? 3 Key Terms Island
Can’t be taken over (Hitler) Trade I.R. started here
Watt
Cliffs
Irregular coastline
Lots of resources (Coal, water)
Influence of Geography on Russia
Geographic Characteristics Russia’s geography influence on history? 3 Key Terms Big
Can’t be taken over. Napoleon and Hitler tried…Failed. Isolated from Europe.
Czar
Cold
General Winter, Moscow
Frozen
Tundra
Influence of Geography on Greece
Geographic Characteristics Greece’s geography influence on history? 3 Key Terms Archipelego
Led to cultural diversity
Athens vs. Sparta
Mountains
Terrace Farming
Water
Fishing
~ F ~
Other examples of Geography and the Environment are: The importance of the Middle East as a crossroads between three continents, environmental problems such as deforestation, desertification (Africa) and destruction of tropical forests (Latin America)
5. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Include traditional, command, market, and mixed systems. Each must answer all three basic economic questions: what is to be produced? How will it be produced? For whom shall they be produced? Traditional Economy
Where? When? 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Africa, undeveloped nations. L.A.
Fish
Farm
Hunt Manorialism
Where? When? 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Europe during Dark Ages
Self sufficient
No cultural diffusion
Feudalism
Manor Mercantilism
Where? When? 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Latin America (Spain)
Mother Country
Encomienda System
Raw Materials
Tobacco, Sugar, Coffee
Colonies Capitalism (Market Economy)
Where? When? 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Europe, Industrial Rev.
$$$$$
Adam Smith
Supply and Demand
Wealth of Nations
Competition
Laissez Faire
Marxism/Communism (Command Economy)
Where? When? 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Russia/China/Cuba
Gov. Control everything
Karl Marx
Collectivization
Proletariat vs. Capitalists
Command Economy
Communist Manifesto Little Red Book
Other examples of Economic Systems are: Laissez Faire, European Union, NAFTA
~ G ~
6. POLITICAL SYSTEMS Political systems, such as monarchies, dictatorships, and democracies, address certain basic questions of government such as: What should a government have the power to do? What should a government not have the power to do? Monarchy
Historical Context 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms King/Queen
Total power
Magna Carta
Feudalism
Glorious Rev.
France/England
Feudalism
Historical Context 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Dark Ages
Rigid Class Structure
Lords, kings, peasants
manorialism
Knights
Decentralized gov.
Ended with Crusades
Democracy
Historical Context 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Athens
Limited power to gov.
Pericles
vote
Capitalism
Freedom of speech
people
Absolutism
Historical Context 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms France: Louis 14th
Total power
“Sun King”
Picked by God
Divine Right
Great wealth
Versailles
Fascism
Historical Context 3 Characteristics 3 Key Terms Germany and Italy
Dictator Holocaust Hitler
Treaty of Versailles
Mussolini
Nuremburg, Nazi, Anti-Semitism
Other examples of Political Systems are: limited democracy of Athens, militarism of Sparta and Japan, communism, fascism
~ H ~
7. CULTURE AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE Culture includes the patterns of human behavior (PERSIA) that a society transmits to succeeding generations to meet its fundamental needs. Roman Empire
Historical Context 3 Contributions 3 Key Terms 500 BC-500AD Med.Sea
Government
Republic
Law
12 Tables
Architecture
Domes, aqueducts, pillars, roads
Islamic Golden Age
Historical Context 3 Contributions 3 Key Terms Ottoman Empire
Conquered Byzantines
istanbul
Math
Gunpowder
Science
Telescope, c-section, astronomy
Renaissance
Historical Context 3 Contributions 3 Key Terms Rebirth of Greek and Roman in Europe
Art
DaVinci, Donatello, Michelangelo
Religion
Decreased power of church. Secular
Government
Humanism T.E.J.T.M.
Enlightenment
Historical Context 3 Contributions 3 Key Terms Political Change
Freedom of Speech
Locke
Freedom of Religion
Voltaire
Natural Rights (L,L,P)
Montesquieu
Other examples include: early river civilizations, classic Chinese civilizations, Gupta Golden Age, African Kingdoms, Aztec/Inca/Maya (meso-american)
~ I ~
8. NATIONALISM Feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country or ethnic background or the desire of a people to control their own government. Sometimes it is unifying, sometimes destructive. Freedom movement in India
Historical Context. Who? Why? 3 examples of Nationalism 3 Key Terms Gandhi ************ Get rid of British Imperialism
Civil disobedience
Salt march
Non violence
Homespun (make his own clothes)
Freedom in 1947. Partition Split into Pakistan.
Fasting
African Independence Movement
Historical Context. Who? Why? 3 examples of Nationalism 3 Key Terms Mendela Kenyatta Nkrumah
Fought Apartheid in S.A.
Scramble for Africa
Freedom for Kenya
Berlin Conference
Freedom for Ghana White Man’s Burden
German and Italian Unification
Historical Context. Who? Why? 3 examples of Nationalism 3 Key Terms Garabaldi / Bismark Freedom for Germany/Italy.
Blood and Iron
Divided by Congress of Vienna
War
Alsace / Lorraine
Imperialism
Realpolitik
Zionism
Historical Context. Who? Why? 3 examples of Nationalism 3 Key Terms Homeland for Jews Theodor Herzel
Creation of Israel 1948
United Nations
After WWII
Holocaust Balfour Declaration
Caused War (Egypt)
Camp David Accords
Other examples of nationalism include: development of Turkey, conflicts in the Balkans, Latin America in the 1800s, Pan-Africanism and Pan-Arabism.
~ J ~
9. IMPERIALISM Domination by one country of the P.E.R.S.I.A. of another country or region. Imperialism has had both positive and negative effects on colonies. British in India
Historical Context. 3 effects of Imperialism (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Imperialized for Natural Resources by Engalnd.
Indian people lost freedom (-) Gandhi Increased taxes (-) Civil Disobedience Built roads, schools, hospt. (+) Sepoy Mutiny
The Scramble for Africa
Historical Context. 3 effects of Imperialism (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Natural resources. Berlin Conference
War -
Hutu and Tutsi
Tribalism -
Genocide
White Man’s Burden -
Apartheid Nelson Mendela
Japanese Expansion in the Pacific
Historical Context. 3 effects of Imperialism (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Needed Natural Resources They have NONE
Took over China
Rape of Manchuria
Industrialized Japan
Meiji Restoration
Axis powers with Germany
WWII
Spanish in Latin America
Historical Context. 3 effects of Imperialism (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Spanish took over LA for natural resources
Colonies
Mother Country
Columbian exchange
Raw materials: coffee, tobacco, sugar
Encomienda System
mercantilism
Other examples of imperialism include: The Romans, the Byzantines, the Mongols, Imperial rivalries which caused WWI. The collapse of European imperialism still affects many regions of the world today.
~ K ~
10. DIVERSITY AND INTERDEPENDENCE Diversity involves understanding and respecting oneself and others, including differences in language, gender, socioeconomic class, religion and other human traits. It is closely related to interdependence, the reliance upon others in mutually beneficial interactions and exchanges. The refusal to accept diversity leads to conflict. Byzantine Empire
Historical Context. 3 effects of diversity (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Connected 3 continents (Af, Asia, Eur)
Cultural Diffusion +
Constantinople
Increased Trade +
Preserved Greek/Roman culture
War - Conquered by Ottomans The Balkans
Historical Context. 3 effects of diversity (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Powder Keg Many different nationalities, ready to explode.
War (-)
WWI: Serbia
Ethnic Cleansing (-)
Bosnia: 1995
Terrorism (-)
Black Hand
Global Economy
Historical Context. 3 effects of interdependence (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Interdependence. All are connected.
Spread of disease
Black Plague
Oil Sales
OPEC
Overpopulation Starvation, war over food and land
Environmental Issues
Historical Context. 3 effects of interdependence (+ or -) 3 Key Terms Pollution
Cutting down trees, homes/paper
Deforestation
Over farming
Desertification
Emissions, air pollution
Global Warming
Other examples of diversity/interdependence include: The Mongol Empire, Islamic Fundamentalism, interactions among Hindus and Muslims in India.
~ L ~
11. JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Justice is fair, equal or appropriate treatment given to individuals in societal interactions. Human rights are those basic and natural rights to which all human beings are entitled. The Holocaust
Historical Context / causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms Jews in Europe during WWII Ethnocentrism of Germans
8 million deaths
Genocide
Creation of Israel
Auschwitz / Buchenwald
Nuremberg Trials
Elie Wiesel , NIGHT
Tiananmen Square
Historical Context/ causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms China Students wanted freedom and democracy
Tanks
Deng Xiaoping
Students punished
Cultural Revolution
Communism Stronger
Statue of Liberty Tank Man
Apartheid in South Africa
Historical Context/ causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms Mendela / Caused by White Man’s Burden / Imperialism 1990
Mendela put in Prison Mendela Segregation
Desmond Tutu
Boycott until Apartheid is over
F.W. De Clerk
Written Law (Hammurabi, Justinian, Rome)
Historical Context/ causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms To make laws more fair for people.
Civilizations form
Justinian’s Code
Ordered society
Hammurabi’s Code
Crime goes down Laws of the 12 Tables English Bill of Rights / Magna Carta
Historical Context/ causes 3 effects 3 Key Terms Limited Monarchy (King) Glorious Revolution
Limited power of king
Magna carta
More power to people
Bill of rights
Parliament
Other examples include: The Armenian Massacre, the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia (Pol Pot), and international terrorism.
~ M ~
12. MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND GOODS Cultural Diffusion is the constant exchange of people, ideas, products, technology and institutions from one region to another. Crusades
Historical Context. 3 effects of interaction 3 Key Terms
Increased Trade
Increased CD
Ended Feudalism
The Age of Exploration / Columbian Exchange
Historical Context. 3 effects of interaction 3 Key Terms
Disease
Coffee/Tobacco/Sugar
Increased C.D. / Trade
Encomienda System
Slavery
Middle Passage
The Silk Road
Historical Context. 3 effects of interaction 3 Key Terms Connected China to Europe/M.E/ Africa
Increased Trade
Silk, Spices
Increased CD
Gunpowder, Math
Information, Knowledge
Marco Polo
Japan/China/Korea
Historical Context. 3 effects of interaction 3 Key Terms Korea is Cultural Bridge
Mandate Heaven
Terrace Farming
Confucius
Other examples of Movement of People & Goods include: the spread of Belief Systems, the Muslim influence in Africa, patterns of global migration.
~ N ~
13. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The tools and methods used by people to get what they want and need. The Printing Press
Historical Context. 3 effects of invention 3 Key Terms Gutenburg, idea from China
Increased literacy
Bible
95 Theses, Protestant Reformation
Decreased Power of Church
The Industrial Revolution, Steam Engine
Historical Context. 3 effects of invention 3 Key Terms Watt
Urbanization
Natural Resources
Pollution
Neolithic Revolution
Historical Context. 3 effects of invention 3 Key Terms
Domestication of Animals
Fertile Crescent
Permanent Settlements
Tig/Euph
Hand Tools
Ganges / Indus
The Computer Revolution
Historical Context. 3 effects of invention 3 Key Terms 1990’s
Technology
Jobs, Gates
Different Culture for young
Internet
Education improved
Smart Phones
Other examples of Science and Technology include: The Green Revolution, advances in Genetics, and Space Exploration.
~ O ~
14. CONFLICT Conflict has occurred throughout history, and its costs have sometimes been very high. The causes of conflict can be political, social, or economic. World War I
3 causes (P, S, or E) 3 effects 3 Key Terms MAIN
Versailles
Spark
WWII
(Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism)
League of Nations
World War II
3 causes (P, S, or E) 3 effects 3 Key Terms WWI
Holocaust
Treaty of Versailles
Nuremburg Trials
Israel
Japan imperializing
Hitler
fascism
The French Revolution
3 causes (P, S, or E) 3 effects 3 Key Terms King 16
Reign of Terror
Robespierre, Guillotine
Old Regime
Napoleon
Moscow, Napoleon Code
High $$
Congress of Vienna
Reactionary
The Cold War
3 causes (P, S, or E) 3 effects 3 Key Terms WWII
Fear (Duck and Cover)
Atomic Bomb
Korea/Vietnam/Cuba
Communism vs. Capitalism
The Crusades
3 causes (P, S, or E) 3 effects 3 Key Terms
Increased Trade
Increased CD
Ended Feudalism
Other examples of Conflict include: The Russian Revolution, Religious Conflict, Arab/Israeli Conflit.
~ P ~
15. MODERN GLOBAL CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS Today’s world is a web of connections and interactions. On every level, the people of the world meet, connect, interact, and sometimes collide. These interactions involve politics, economics, culture or the environment. Global migrations
Historical Context. 3 effects of migration 3 Key Terms People need to Move. Bantu, Africa, Israel, Crusades
Increased Cult. Diffus. (+)
Crusades
War (-)
Rwanda Israel
Overpopulation
China , India
International Terrorism
Historical Context. 3 effects of terrorism 3 Key Terms People use fear to get their goals.
Iran Hostage
Ayatollah Khomeini
Somalia
Al Queda
Black Hand
WWI (Serbia)
The United Nations
Historical Context. 3 effects of the United Nations 3 Key Terms Created after WWII. Keep Peace
Created Israel
Freedom
Korean War
Human Rights
1995: Bosnia
Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide
Nuclear Proliferation
Historical Context. 3 effects of nuclear technology 3 Key Terms Nuclear Technology.
Energy (+) Meltdown (-) Chernobyl, Japan War
Cold War, WWII Iran, N. Korea