Innovative and effective approaches to climate change:Experiences from the Global Climate Change Alliance

Brussels 12th-14th September 2012

Thematic Presentation: “Addressing climate

change through disaster risk reduction and

coastal zone management ”

Ms. Frances Brown-ReupenaMs. Frances Brown-Reupena

Water & Sanitation Sector Coordinator,

Samoa

Session 15, Day 2, 12th September 2012

The Water and Sanitation SectorSamoa

• Water Supply

– SWA (National Service Provider)

– IWS (MWCSD)

– Rainwater Harvesting

• Water Resource Management – MNRE

• Drinking Water Quality – MOH

• Sanitation– National Sanitation Policy – MNRE

– National Building Code – MWTI

– National Hygiene – MOH

– Wastewater Treatment Plant – SWA

– Sludge Treatment Facilities – MNRE

• Flood Mitigation (Urban Drainage) – LTA

• Sector Governance – MNRE 2

GCCA and National PlanningMainstreaming Climate Change

National Strategy – SDS

Water for Life Sector Plan

Ministry/Corporation Corporate Plans

(NAPAs 1 – 5)

Management/Implementation Plans

Budget (MTEF)3

Institutional Framework

Ministerial Coordination Committee comprising Ministers for MNRE, MOH, MWTI, MOF, MWCSD and CEOs

JWSSC with an Independent Chair and CEOs of IAs, NGOs, Private Sector

Lead Agency for the Water and Sanitation Sector

Sector Implementing Agencies

New Implementing Agencies

Key Divisions implementing sector programme

Other key Divisions providing crucial support to progamme implementation

INDEPENDENT

UPDATED SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK - SECTOR

IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES

PARLIAMENT

CABINET

CABINET

DEVELOPMENT

COMMITTEE

Ministerial Coordination

Committee

JOINT WATER SECTOR

STEERING COMMITTEE

MINISTRY OF MINISTRY OF

Technical secretariat to the Ministerial Coordination Committee and JWSSC, overall sector policy planning and

coordination

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Procurement &

Programming

Division

Urban Water Supply

Operations

Water Sector

Coordination Unit

Health Prevention,

Promotion and

Surveillance Division

Internal Affairs

Division

Asset Managemet

Buildings

Road Operations Rural Water Supply

Operations

Water Resources

DivisionWomen's Division -

Aiga ma Nuu ManuiaLand Transport Services

Savaii Water Supply

Operations

Technical Division

Technical Services Legal Services

Forestry Renewable Energy

Land Management

COMMERCIAL- Accounts, Customer Services,

Billing & IT

Corporate Management

Planning & Urban Management Agency

PLUMBERS

ASSOCIATION

SAMOA RED

CROSS

INDEPENDENT

WATER

SCHEMES

LAND TRANSPORT

AUTHORITY

SAMOA WATER

AUTHORITY

Division of Environment and Conservation

Wastewater Management Division

MINISTRY OF

NATURAL

RESOURCES &

MINISTRY OF HEALTH

MINISTRY OF

WOMEN,

COMMUNITY &

MINISTRY OF WORKS,

TRANSPORT & INFRAS.

Meteorology - Geophysics/DMO

Coordination Framework

Cabinet

Cabinet Development

Committee (CDC)

National Water & Sanitation Coordination

Committee- Ministerial

5

Samoa Water Authority Independent Water

Schemes

Drinking Water Quality

Joint Water Sector Steering Committee

(JWSSC)

(3) Technical Steering Committee

Water Supply Water Resource Management SanitationFlood Mitigation-Urban

Drainage

GCCA in the Pacific – USP (Regional)

• Pacific Islands Forum

• Pacific Islands Framework for Action on ClimateChange (PIFACC) 2006 – 2015

– Capacity Building

– Community Engagement– Community Engagement

– Applied Research

• USP – FIJI

• 16 Pacific Island Countries

• SPC – 9 Pacific Island Countries

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Introduction

• Overview of the GCCADRR and coastalmanagement zoneexperience

• Key issues from theBackground document

• Complementary issuesfrom global experience

• Some comments on theWorking Group discussiontopics

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An overview of GCCA experience

• GCCA existing and foreseen programmes havea DRR / coastal zone focus in 9 countries and 2regions.

• 5 of the country programmes and the regionalprogrammes have a major coastal zoneprogrammes have a major coastal zonecomponent.

• Other programmes include support to widerstrategies, forestry, monitoring systems anddrainage infrastructure.

• Most are in mid implementation: ~65% startedin 2011 or before.

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An overview of DRR related GCCAexperience

An example from Samoa, theprogramme aims to:

• Rehabilitate the drainage infrastructureof the Greater Apia area

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of the Greater Apia area

• Rebuild and upgrade the prioritydrainage infrastructure for stormwaterflows in Apia

• Set up of an effective drainageinfrastructure management system,and implement a maintenance plan

Key issues from the GCCADRR technical paper

Reducing vulnerability to disaster-related effects of climate change

Vulnerability reduction in the context of disaster risk reduction involves seekingopportunities to reduce exposure, reduce sensitivity and increase adaptive capacity.

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Investing in data collection and management

Reliable data are needed to support climate change adaptation, disaster riskreduction and coastal zone management.

Key issues from the GCCADRR technical paper

Strengthening institutions for disaster risk reduction and coastal zonemanagement

Strong institutions are central in providing effective design and implementation ofclimate-related policies, and also contribute to favourable conditions for thedevelopment of a sound legal and regulatory framework.eg: Climate resilience coordination unit in MoF that looks at mainstreaming climate

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eg: Climate resilience coordination unit in MoF that looks at mainstreaming climatechange into the national development strategy and at sector level. Workscollaboratively with MNRE to finalise CC policy including development of climateresilient infrastructure design standards and ensure that future investment planseffectively address climate risks

Involving local communitiesLocal stakeholders can play an important role in the prevention of disasters as wellas the implementation of adequate responses when they occur. This is the centre ofengagement of civil society in development framework in Samoa. There existadequately funded grants schemes for civil society to address impacts of climatechange and disaster risk management measures that have emanated out of villagesustainable development plans (CSSP, SGP, SRC)

Key issues from the GCCADRR technical paper

Combining ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ options

The recent IPCC report on managing the risks of extreme eventsand disasters to advance climate change adaptation stresses that‘successful strategies include a combination of hard infrastructure-based responses and soft solutions.Important in Samoa’s approach involving coastal management with

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Important in Samoa’s approach involving coastal management witha carefully assessed balance between the use of seawalls,rockwalls versus tree planting and mangrove rehabilitation or ablend of the two types of solutions

Learning from field activitiesEffective, locally acceptable disaster risk reduction and coastal adaptation optionsmay be identified by implementing pilot or demonstration projects, supportingknowledge building in real-life conditions. This is the basis of the small grantsscheme established to set up good practice adaptation measures at communitylevel. (Pilot Schemes - On-site sanitation project (ADB), MDG Initiative(EU))

Complementary issues from globalexperience

Key Issues to be reinforced:

• Climate change/Disasters are a development concern – importanttherefore to use an integrated approach to addressing how to dealwith impact

• Need to promote research/fact finding to better understand roots ofdisasters/climate change impacts which lie in people’s vulnerabilitiesand how socioeconomic conditions impact on ways to cope

• Need to implement innovative measures to strengthen and maintainengagement of communities in a strategic and targeted approachi.e. Ensure community participation and social inclusion in decisionmaking and actions – people have inherent capacity to cope –indigenous knowledge is important

• There is a need to develop and sustain strategic partnerships anddevelop and sustain resilient livelihoods

• Infrastructure-based options (investment planning) to DRR arevaluable, especially if implemented in the context of a wider approachsuch as integrated water resources management

• There is a need for Donors/Development Partners to coordinatethemselves, expertise, financing etc 13

Some comments on the WorkingGroup discussion topics (DRR)

– How are DRR and CZM being addressed in your GCCAProgramme?

• Are these sufficiently mainstreamed into your national priorities,financing, M&E

• Is it Promoting IWRM and IZCM Approaches? If so, how?

• Does it support pilot / demonstration projects? What are these?Lessons?Lessons?

• Does it support applied research/evidence-based research (eg datacollection/management, academic research, baseline surveys etc)?

• Does it support infrastructure based / ecosystem based measures?Investment Planning, CIM Plans, Resettlement Issues

• Is it promoting Community Engagement? How is the communitybeing engaged?

• Are we promoting PPP? How are we engaging with the privatesector?

• Is GCCA supporting long-term Institutional Strengthening andcapacity building? How and to what extent are these beingaddressed. 14

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