Thematic Areas Agenda 2020 Nanotechnology Work Group Dan Coughlin; Sappi Fine Paper
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Thematic Areas
Agenda 2020Nanotechnology Work GroupDan Coughlin; Sappi Fine PaperTed Wegner; USDA Forest Products LabPhil Jones: Imerys
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Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector-continued
• Key Linkages-AF&PA Agenda 2020(Industry)/ Universities with emphases on nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology/ National Nanotechnology Initiative
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National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities
((Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)
• CBAN Charter Approved by NNI & AF&PA Agenda 2020
• Federal Agencies co-signing– USDA Forest Service– USDA CSREES– NIST– EPA– OSTP/NSET
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National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities
• CBAN Meeting February 21, 2007 – Six Nano-Focus Areas Discussed – Short term NIST-MEP activities & other
Agency activities discussed– Translation of Six Focus Area goals into
Underlying science Grand Challenges• Agenda 2020/Federal agency/University Wizards
workshop
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Actions from CBAN Meeting• MEP- short term opportunities
– Ted Maher– Elliot Levine DOE/EERE/IPP– Rick Brenner USDA / ARS / OTT– World Nieh FS
• Wizard’s Workshop - Technology translation• Anne Chaka NIST• Ted Wegner FS• Dan Pitkin NIST• Clara Asmail NIST OTP• Rick Brenner USDA ARS OTT
• Specific Opportunities– Industrial Fluids Consortium Anne Chaka NIST– SBIR Offices
• Nora Savage EPA• Charles Cleland USDA CSREES SBIR• Elliott Levine DOE• Ed Rios - TMS/DOE-ITP• James Rudd NSF
• Land Grant Colleges through CSREES, ARS, BBCC– Honda Chen USDA– Ted Wegner FS
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Task Group Program of Work: Task Group Program of Work: Roadmap extensionRoadmap extension
Six Nano-Focus Areas identifiedSix Nano-Focus Areas identified Focus Area 1: Improve strength weight performance
-40% fewer materials for same performance-60# performance with 45# CWF-Mechanical (bonding ) and optical performances
Focus Area 2: Forest Nanomaterials-Liberation and use of nano-cellulose-Other nanomaterials from bio-resource-Non covalent disassembly/reassembly nano-fractionalization and nano-catalysis for separations;-Entropic effects in the assembly and disassembly of nanomaterials in forestry
Focus Area 3 : Understanding the control of water-lignocellulose interaction for modification of properties-Water removal and in the end product
-Energy cost of water, fiber swell in the presence of water-Control and manipulation of hydrogen bonding (7 types)-Control of mechanosorptive behavior -Water repelling, barriers-Control of degradation-Control/modification of surface chemistry
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Six Nano-Focus AreasSix Nano-Focus Areas
Focus Area 4: Inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoscale surface modification
- Paper, MDF, OSB are all composite materials-Compatibilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials-Interactions at nano-scale
Focus Area 5:- Photonics and Electronic/Piezo properties-100 % Opacity
Focus Area 6: -Modifications for energy efficiency : Process related-Low temperature nano-catalysis with nanomaterials in pulping and other chemical reactions with wood and fiber-Nanoscale mixing of chemicals with fiber-Water removal in pressing and drying-Structural materials with lower corrosion rates-Nano pores in felts for water removal-Low corrosion materials
Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)
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Driver: Agenda 2020 Breakthrough manufacturing technologyneeds –
1. ”Sheet property development using less energy andmaterials; Increased Filler: Sustainable Pigments”
2. A nano scale technology solution that providessufficient enhancement of fiber network strength toallow reduction of material use in paper and board byat least 40%,
Focus Area #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance
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50
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1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
YEAR
Basi
s W
t gs
mDematerializationUS #5 coated paper grades
Source RISI 2005
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Source, Faust, Time Inc 2006
Time Magazine Paper Usage
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR
Basi
s W
eigh
t gs
m
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Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source: Busch & John 2000
Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength
Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays
Source Sambles 2001
InverseOpal
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At approx 30 nm thickness plates have close to theoretical strength
crystal defects have little effect
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source Gao, Fratzl et al PNAS 2003
h*= 2Em
2th
h*= critical length scale
h is mineral plate thickness
h*= 30nm
From Griffith Crack theory
Source Aizenberg et al, Science 2005
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Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Scanning tunneling microscopes allow surfaces to be imaged at the atomic-scaleSchematic of the
scanning tunneling microscope
Atomic resolution image of Si{111}7x7
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Lateral Resolution
Unit cell marked – 0.535 nm
RR9007/1 Atomic Force Measurementof Kaolin Coated Papers
Digital Instruments ~ $150k Pacific Nanotechnology - $65k
Resolution limited to a few nm by vibration
SDS on PCCTopography0.19 um image0.18 nm pixels
Phase delaybetween drive andoscillation,damped by energy transfer,Van der Waals?
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Molecular Manipulation
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Measuring Strength of Molecules
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Source McNeal & Nanko & 2003
Nano-Fibrils
Nano-Dimensions:Coating Clay
100 nm
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After Hubbe 2006
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After Hubbe 2006
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After Hubbe 2006
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After Hubbe 2006
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E2 d23 E1(d3+d2
3) 12 12
Stiffness, S = +
d1
d1
dd2
E2
E1
E1
E is elastic modulus
E for regular coating 0.6 GN/m2
E for “Contour” coating 2 GN/ m2
High strength coatings have a dramatic effect on stiffness
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0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
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9.0
0 20 40 60 80 100% kaolin
Te
ns
ile
str
en
gth
M P
aClay D
Clay E
Blends of clay with GCCBlends of clay with GCC
Fine platey kaolin(E)
Fine blocky kaolin(D)
• Significant strength benefit from fine platey clay, even at low levels of addition
= 4 pph latex
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0.10
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Coat weight gm -2
Rig
idit
y, m
N.m
Clay A Clay C
Blocky clay (A)
Platey clay(C)
Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and platey claysplatey clays
• Enhanced stiffness from platey clay coating• Correlates with tensile results
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Focus Area #5 Photonic and Electronic Effects
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Optical Effects:
Photonics
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Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source: Busch & John 2000
Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength
Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays
Source Sambles 2001
InverseOpal
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Optical efficiency
– Beetle outperforms mineral coating layers at same coat weight
– Requires twice the thickness of PCC to match beetle's optical performance
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Coat thickness (micron)
Bri
gh
tne
ss (
D6
5)
UK clayGCCPCCBeetle
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Electronic Effects:
Piezo……...
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