Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the...
Transcript of Thema Gentechnologie - uni-mainz.de€¦ · transgenic and nontransgenic corn fields, although the...
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Erwin R. Schmidt Institut für Molekulargenetik
Vorlesung #7 10. 06. 2014
Thema Gentechnologie
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Impfen mit Obst
In the US at Cornell University, GM tomatoes are being developed as a vaccine against the Norwalk virus which causes severe diarrhoea. The tomatoes produce a protein identical to one that normally sits on the outside of the virus. Mice who ate them developed an immune response to the virus. Another study showed raw GM potatotes triggered a similar immune response in human volunteers. The team are also working on transgenic bananas. However, bananas are much harder to engineer and have not yet been show to accumulate antigens in the fruit.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/genes/gene_safari/pharm/edible.shtml
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Vorteile transgener Pflanzen aus Umweltschutzperspektive
Art der Genveränderung Gewinn
Herbizidtoleranz Weniger Herbizid (weniger
schädlich)?
Insektenresistenz Weniger oder keine Insektizide
Pilzresistenz (z.B. Mehltau) Weniger oder keine Fungizide
Virusresistenz weniger Insektizide, Fungizide etc
Nematodenresistenz Weniger Nematizide (z.B.
Organophoshate)
Trockenheitstoleranz Weniger Bewässerung, neue
Anbauflächen
Salztoleranz Neue Anbauflächen; mehr freie
Flächen für Naturschutz?
Citratüberproduktion u.a. Entgiftung von verseuchten Böden
Ozontoleranz
(Superoxiddismutase)
Verbesserung des Stadtklimas;
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Freisetzungen Deutschland/Pflanzen/Jahre
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Freisetzungen in den USA http://www.isb.vt.edu/
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Kulturpflanzen Herbizid-
Resistenz
männlic
he
Sterilität
Insekten-
Resisten
z
Metabolismus-
Veränderunge
n
Antragsländer
GVO Total 32 6 11 6 EU
Raps 9 9 4 0 0 FR, GB, BE, DE, NL
Mais 15 13 0 11 0 FR, GB, NL, ES, DE
Chicorée 2 2 2 0 0 NL
Zucker-, Futterrübe 2 2 0 0 0 DK, DE
Reis 1 1 0 0 0 GB
Tabak 1 1 0 0 0 FR
Sojabohne 1 1 0 0 0 GB
Kartoffel 2 0 0 0 2 NL, SE
Tomate 1 0 0 0 1 ES
Baumwolle 5 4 0 2 0 ES, NL
Nelke 3 3 0 0 3 NL
GVO gesamt: 42 (teils mehrere Eigenschaften in einem GVO) EU
Inverkehrbringen (kommerziell zugelassene Pflanzen) Stand April 2004
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Freisetzungen in den USA
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Freisetzungen in USA nach Spezies
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Freisetzungen in USA nach Eigenschaften
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Freisetzungen in USA nach Herstellerfirmen
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http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/46/pptslides/Brief46slides.swf
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Anteil transgener Sorten
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Grüne Gentechnik Bayer startet in Gatersleben 07.06.2012 - Im Biotech-Park Gatersleben eröffnet die Bayer-Sparte Cropscience ein neues Weizenzucht-Zentrum. Transkript
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…… no significant differences were observed in bacterial antibiotic
resistancelevels between transgenic and nontransgenic corn
fields, although the bacterial populations were
different.
Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in transgenic plant fields
Sandrine Demane` che*†, Herve´ Sanguin*‡, John Pote´ §, Elisabeth Navarro*†¶, Dominique Bernillon*, Patrick Mavingui*, Walter Wildi§, Timothy M. Vogel*†, and Pascal
Simonet*†
PNAS, March 2008, 105, 3957-3962
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