The$Excretory$System$ - WordPress.com · The$Excretory$System$ •...

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The Excretory System How do our bodies eliminate waste? _____________ is the elimina:on of metabolic waste products from our body The _____________ regula:on of CO 2 , salts (Ca 2+ , Na + ,H + ), nitrogenous wastes, drugs, pes:cides, and food addi:ves _______L of blood are filtered daily by the kidneys ________ material: reabsorbed back into blood ________: drained into the bladder

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The  Excretory  System  •  How  do  our  bodies  eliminate  waste?  

 •  _____________  is  the  elimina:on  of  metabolic  

waste  products  from  our  body  •  The  _____________  regula:on  of  CO2,  salts  (Ca2+,  

Na+,  H+),  nitrogenous  wastes,  drugs,  pes:cides,  and  food  addi:ves  

•  _______L  of  blood  are  filtered  daily  by  the  kidneys  •  ________  material:  reabsorbed  back  into  blood  •  ________:  drained  into  the  bladder  

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Excre:on  •  ______________:  the  removal  of  an  amino  group  from  an  organic  compound,  occurs  in  the  liver  

•  The  _________  group  is  then  excreted  as  either:  –  ___________:  this  is  an  extremely  toxic,  water-­‐soluble  gas  

–  __________:  nitrogen  waste  formed  from  two  molecules  of  ammonia  and  one  molecule  of  carbon  dioxide  

–  _________  ________:  waste  product  formed  from  the  breakdown  of  nucleic  acids    

–  These  products  are  excreted  by  the  ___________  

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The  Kidney  •  There  are  ___  kidneys  in  the  human  body  •  Each  kidney  has  three  layers  – The  outer  layer  :  _________  – The  inner  layer  :  __________  – Hollow  chamber:  ________  _________  

•  The  func:onal  unit  of  the  kidneys  is  called  the  ___________  – There  are  1  million  nephrons  per  kidney  

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The  Structure  of  the  Kidney  

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The  Func:ons  of  the  Kidney  

•  The  kidneys  are  responsible  for:  –  Ion  regula:on  and  osmoregula:on:  regula:on  of  __________  and  ___________  balance  

–  __________  management:  excre:on  of  metabolic  wastes  like  urea,  excess  H+  ions  and  drugs  – Balances  blood  _____  – Hormone  produc:on:  func:on  as  an  _______________  gland  releasing  hormones  like  Vitamin  D  

– Gluconeogenesis:  ____________  produc:on  from  non-­‐carbohydrate  sources  

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The  Urinary  System  •  The  kidney  holds  as  much  as  ______%  of  the  body’s  blood  at  

any  given  :me  •  _______  is  filtered  from  the  blood  and  is  then  transferred  to  

the  urinary  bladder  by  ureters    •  Ureters:  tubes  that  conduct  urine  from  the  kidneys  to  the  

bladder  •  Urethra:  tubes  that  carry  urine  from  the  bladder  to  the  exterior  

of  the  body  •  Cortex:  outer  layer  of  kidney  •  Medulla:  area  inside  of  the  cortex  •  Renal  pelvis:  area  where  the  kidney  joins  the  ureter  

 

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The  Nephron  •  Nephrons:  func:onal  units  of  the  kidneys  •  Afferent  arterioles:  small  branches  that  carry  blood  to  the  glomerulus  •  Glomerulus:  high  pressure  capillary  bed  that  is  the  site  of  filtra:on  •  Efferent  arterioles:  small  branches  that  carry  blood  away  from  the  

glomerulus  to  a  capillary  net  •  Peritubular  capillaries:  network  of  small  blood  vessels  that  surround  the  

nephron  •  Bowman’s  capsule:  cuplike  structure  that  surrounds  the  glomerulus  •  Proximal  Tubule:  sec:on  of  the  nephron  joining  the  Bowman’s  capsule  

with  the  loop  of  Henle  •  Loop  of  Henle:  carries  filtrate  from  the  proximal  tubule  to  the  distal  

tubule  •  Distal  tubule:  conducts  urine  from  the  loop  of  Henle  to  the  collec:ng  

duct  •  CollecGng  duct:  tube  that  carries  urine  from  nephrons  to  the  pelvis  of  a  

kidney