The Years Between the Wars1920s and 1930s

• Society went through many changes

• There were changes in the old balance of power

• Problems in the 1920s and 1930s

• Who were Mussolini and Hitler, and how did they come to power?

Changes in Society in the 20s, 30s

• Inventions and improvements were sparked by the war

• Automobiles

• Radio • Aircraft• New thinkers• Einstein• Freud• Youth / Women’s

Movements

The new Balance of Power

• Germany, Austria, Turkey – destroyed • Britain, France controlled “mandates”• Many old colonies moving for independence• Russian Revolution• Japan – Hungry for expansion • Italy – Feels left out at end of WWI• US – Becomes isolationist• Kellogg Briand Pact

Problems in the 20s and 30s

• Communism• Inflation• New Countries /

Boundaries• Rebuilding – Loans • Great Depression• Failure of League of

Nations

•

Rise of the Fascists

Fascism and the Fascist LeadersMussolini

Franco

Hitler

Fasces

What is Fascism?

• Extreme Nationalism, Authoritarianism• Act first – Theorize later• Need a strong leader to rally people• Special uniforms, salutes, songs etc• Supremacy of the state• Role of classes• Anti - Communist• Failure of Democracy

Benito Mussolini• Situation in Italy – Unhappy w/ WWI

result• Vets feel betrayed by Gov• Econ Problems – fear of

Communism• Mussolini / Blackshirts promise to

rescue Italy• Use Terror v. Communists –

supported by wealthy • By 1922 King declares him Prime

Minister

Benito Mussolini

• Authoritarianism

• Censorship

• Believes capitalists + workers must cooperate – result: nationalizes companies

• Il Duce

• Use schools / propaganda to stress achievements

• Becomes model for other fascists

Adolph Hitler• Austria pre-WWI was diverse• AH was failure as artist, blamed others for his failure• Joins German army in WWI – fights well• Post-War Ger Vets feel betrayed by Versailles• National Socialist German Workers’ Party

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Becomes leader of Nazis• Beer Hall Putsch• Mein Kampf

LebensraumDrang Nach Osten

• Stormtroops• Depression• Chancellor• Reichstag Fire

Nazi Germany Under Hitler

• Gestapo• SS• Economy• Propaganda• “Racial Biology”• Glory of “Fatherland”• 3rd Reich• Nuremberg Laws• Kristallnacht

A bombing plane can be loaded with one explosive bomb of 35 kgs, three bombs of 100 kilograms, 4 gas bombs of 150 kilograms, and

200 incendiary bombs of one kilogram.A. What is the load capacity?

B. What is the percentage of each type of bomb?

C. How many incendiary bombs of .5 kgs could be added if the load capacity were

increased 50%?

An airplane flies at the rate of 240 kph to a place at a distance

of 210 km in order to drop bombs. When may it be expected to return if the

dropping of bombs takes 7.5 minutes?

Chapter Headings in Nazi Chemistry TextGas WeaponsEye Irritants

Lung PoisonsChoking Weapons

Art Assignment: The third grade is to draw an aerial attack

upon a factory

Nazi Religion Class

• “Who, children, is it in these days who most reminds us of Jesus, through his love and his readiness for self sacrifice?”

• “The Fuhrer”• “Who most reminds us of the disciples,

because of their loyal attachment to the Fuhrer?”

• “General Goering, Dr. Goebbels, and Captain Roehm.”