The Worlds of North and South

Alvin E. Busse, Jr.

1846

• Inventions come to the forefront

• Elias Howe came up with the machine that could do he work of five seamstresses. The cost of clothing dropped.

• John Deere invented a lightweight plow made of steel.

• 1847 Cyrus McCormick opened a factory in Chicago that manufactured mechanical reapers.

Samuel F. B. Morse receives patent

The invention of the telegraph was an instant success. Businesses gained the

most from instantly finding information.

Transportation

• Railroads became a great source of transportation. The “Rocket” could travel 30 miles per hour. Cities grew where railroads were located.

John Griffiths launched the Rainbow

• The clipper ships were a big boost to transportation. 81 days was all it took to go from New York to Hong Kong.

• Advances in technology. Railroads gave factory owners to power to ship raw materials and finished goods to where they needed to go. The price of doing this business went down as well.

Millions of New AmericansThere was about 4 million new immigrants that came to the United States. The Irish came because of the potato famine. Germans fled for political reasons. The unrest in Germany began in 1848. The Irish men and women were primarily factory workers in New England. The nativists wanted to preserve America for native born people. The nativists believed that immigrants had taken jobs that nativists would have received. They created a new political party called the Know-Nothing Party. African Americans at this time were free but were denied equal rights. Skilled African American workers had trouble finding decent jobs. James Forten was was an African American who made much money in ship building. He used this money to help free other African Americans.

Resisting Slavery

Arts Sciences World

Economics Civics

Cotton becomes King

• Cotton was the basic import

No place for Industry

• Some people in the south wanted industry.

• William Gregg, wanted his cotton mill in South Carolina to be like Lowell, Massachusetts. This would not happen. Planters put their money in land and slaves.

• Most southern whites were small farmers. These people were called plain folk and they apparently worked in the field next to the slaves. One third of the population in 1860 was enslaved African Americans.

Slave Codes

• States in the south passed these codes to keep slaves from running away or rebelling. These codes made it a crime for learning how to read or write. African Americans were forbidden from being in groups of more than three.

• Enslaved African Americans did not have the right to testify in court. Since they could not they could not bring charges against owners who abused them.

Religion offers hope

• Many enslaved African Americans were devout Christians.

Flight for Freedom

A Reforming Age

HarrietTubman

WilliamLloydGarrison

HenryGarnet

Liberia PaulCuffe

FrederickDouglass

Revolts Against Slavery

• Denmark Vesey who was free planned a revolt in 1822. Vesey and 35 others were betrayed and executed.

• In 1831, a preacher named Nat Turner led a major revolt. Turner killed more than 57 whites.

• Many innocent African Americans were killed while whites searched franticly for Turner. Turner was caught and hung by the people who hunted him down.

Ninth Grade Instructional Objectives

• The period from 1815 to 1919 is utilized and this is what I tried to concentrate on highlighting. The learner will group events from inventors, abolitionists and other important people of this time.

• American Heritage is also incorporated into

• analyses of historical events.

People in Societies

• The learner will trace the three cultures, African American, German and Irish through customs, traditions, and social developments. The philosophical and religious ideas they came up with through the years. Lastly science and technology that was brought to this country or developed here from these immigrants.

World Interactions

• The learner will describe ways in which natural processes contribute to global environmental problems. This comes from pollution that was brought on with industrial revolution.

• I went into good detail about transportation and communication upgrades.

• Examine why people go to war was much about the issue of slavery.

Decision Making and Resources

• Explain the reasons that between 1815 and 1919 labor organizations came to power.

Democratic Processes

• Develop a list of characteristics common in government.

• Law• Hard work• A small say in what is

going on

Woman are created equal

Sojourner Truth, Lucretia Mott and

Elizabeth Cady Stanton took up the cause of woman’s rights.

Woman continue to make progress

• The Seneca Falls Convention marked the start of organized women’s rights. New York state passed laws allowing women to keep property and wages after they were married.

• The women at Seneca Falls believed that education was a key to equality.

• Elizabeth Blackwell attended medical school.

Dorothea Dix

• At age 14 this strong lady opened her own grade school. Dix amazed people with her work ethic. When she read everything she could about history and science, she wrote her own book. Dorothea took a job at the Cambridge jail because a young man could not control the women prisoners. Dix changed the way the mentally ill were treated for many states including Illinois and Louisiana.

New Public Schools

• New York state led the way in public education reform.

• In Massachusetts, Horace Mann led the way to make education better.

• Massachusetts built new schools and gave teachers higher pay. The school year was also made longer.

• By the 1850’s, most northern states had free elementary schools.

New Voices, New Visions

• The 1820’s saw America start to write stories with American themes. Washington Irving wrote the Sketch Book. “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” were his also.

Poetic Voices

• John Greenleaf Whittier wrote about the evils of slavery in his poetry.

• The favorite poet of Americans was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

• Walt Whitman published only one book of poems, Leaves of Grass.

• Emily Dickinson wrote more than 1,700 poems, in which 7 were published.

Emerson and Thoreau

• Ralph Waldo Emerson had people flock to hear his essays which put much importance on the individual.

• Thoreau believed that industry was ruining the new nation.

• Like Emerson, Thoreau believed that each person must decide what is right and wrong.

Websites

• WWW.biography.com

• WWW.encarta.com

• WWW.yahooligions.com

• WWW.askjeeves.com

• WWW.

People in Societies Websites

• Http://library.thinkquest.org/17126

• www.americaslibrary.gov

World Interactions Websites

• WWW.PBS.org

• WWW.geocities.com

• WWW.click2history.com

Decision Making and Resources

• WWW.africanaonline.com

• WWW.myhistory.org

Democratic Processes Websites

• WWW.historytimeline.com

• WWW.learner.org.

American Painters

• Benjamin West was the artist who led the way. Many American painters followed West to London to study. Charles Wilson Peale, Gilbert Stuart and John Singleton Copley were among the best.

Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities Websites

• WWW.ushistory.info/home.html

• http://mciunix.k12pa.us

Ninth Grade Performance Objectives Websites

• WWW.homework.com

• WWW.juniorscholastic.com

• Http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa

• http://mommy.cosmicduckling.com

Bibliography

• Social Studies for the Secondary Schools.

• Ronald G. Helms, PH.D North Chelmsford, MA 01863

• The American Nation• Prentice Hall. Needham,

Massachusetts, 1998