The World in the 19 th Century Setting the Stage.

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The World in the 19 th Century Setting the Stage

Transcript of The World in the 19 th Century Setting the Stage.

Page 1: The World in the 19 th Century Setting the Stage.

The World in the 19th Century

Setting the Stage

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The lasting effects of the Enlightenment

Remember in the 1700’s, a new philosophical movement began… changing the way man thought about the world and his place within it.breaking away from church teachings and divine

absolutismreason, logic, contemplation of the physical worldClash between Church, Crown, CitizenRousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, Descartes

– German Idealism: – Transcendentalism:– Romanticism: – Realism:

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Talkin’ bout a revolution!The philosophies of the Enlightenment led

the common man to recognize his own value and embrace their natural rights.

This new movement would lead directly to major revolutions throughout the world.American Revolution– War for IndependenceFrench RevolutionHaitian RevolutionRussian RevolutionLatin American RevolutionsSocial revolutionsGerman and Italian Unification

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French Revolution: most important revolution in historyWhy?

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Change from FailureThe failure of the French Revolution created a

radical chain reaction of paranoia and overreaction throughout Europe.

The beheading of a monarch

Fear and overreaction

Backlash

CoV

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Specific conflict from the Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna convened to settle conflicts that arose after the failure of the French Revolution.

Spheres of influence

The Napoleonic Empire was dismantled and hereditary monarchies were reestablished.

The Holy Roman Empire was permanently dissolved.

The practice of slavery was officially denounced.

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Congress of Viennabalanced the European powers so that no one

“kingdom” dominated any other power.

Sparked nationalism

Russian Restructuring:

French Monarchy:

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People Unite!!!

Italian Unification:

German Unification:

Unstable Alliances:

Oppression:

Power to the people? Not yet!

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Oh Germany… what do you do?Prussia unitesRealpolitiksFrance declares war 1870France loses, signs the Treaty of FrankfurtPrussia takes Alsace LorraineBismarck distracts France with EgyptBalkan Crisis: Three Emperor LeagueBritain takes Cyprus to protect trade routes

in colonies and India around the Meditterranean Sea.

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Will the real Emperor please stand up?

Ascended the throne in 1848.Enlightened DespotDual MonarchyBalkan Region vs. RussiaPersonal tragediesHeirLast significant monarch

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Industrialization in the West

Industrialization flourishesLed by BritainCommon man changes

--

AbsolutismReligionImperialism

People Unite

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1. To what extent is Disraeli correct?2. Discuss this quote in relation to historiography.

This war represents the German revolution, a greater political event than the French Revolution of the last century… You have a new world, new influences at work, new and unknown objects and dangers with which to cope… The balance of power has been entirely destroyed.

-- DisraeliPrime Minister of

Britain

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New Science The 1800’s saw a greater emphasis on scientific developments

in natural science based on the empirical method and scientific theory. In fact, the 19th century sees science develop as a profession.Andre Ampere: James Maxwell:Charles Darwin:Emile Durkheim:Wilhelm Wundt:Frans Boas:

Long term effects of new science

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New World Order The questioning nature of new science, combined with the new awareness of the common man, lead to new social and political movements throughout Europe.

Conservativism:VS

Liberalism:

Pragmatism:

Positivism: VS

Socialism:

Utilitarianism:

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The New ThinkersMarx and Engels:

John Stuart Mill:

Sir Robert Peel:

Friedrich Nietzsche:

Scientific Revolution: The new Enlightenment… put into action!

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In the meantime… is God dead? Despite the new wave of philosophies and de-emphasis on

religion, a large majority of the European population still believed in a form of religion.

Middle Class Lower Class Aristocracy

7 different dominant religions:

The Arts influenced

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A disorganized and lucky war.

Why the hostility?

Rumble in the Balkans

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And in the other corner… Egypt!

France vs. Britain Cage Match

1st Place Prize: Suez Canal

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Oh Germany… really?

What are the consequences of Bismarck’s alliances?

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Crash

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Did the French Revolution lead to the Path to Total War

New enlightened philosophies two major revolutions Congress of Vienna carving of Europe Industrialization series of revolutionary activity paranoid authoritarian governments Armament race stronger armies, stronger navies, Imperialism domination of global resources economic expansion global tensions between international powers tensions between people and governments new science and philosophies unstable alliances creates unbearable tensions that snap with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria WWI


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