The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

download The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

of 110

Transcript of The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    1/110

    !"#$ &'($ "#)*+, -#.*+$ ///0

    "#$ 1'(23 4.*56 ".7. .*3 8*39()*+ :;9,$,'*

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    2/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    3/110

    !"#$ &'($ "#)*+, -#.*+$ ///0

    "#$ 1'(23 4.*56 ".7. .*3 8*39()*+ :;9,$,

    '*

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    4/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    5/110

    "

    -LM"8M"H

    8N8-O":K" F:M":"

    ?2%8@$"%* %A ,%*+"$"%*# %* 78)*$)$"%*# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=B

    #$%&%$'()*+, +- .+/*(0 1*%$($/2*%& 3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333334"

    5+67%,&()*+, (,8 9(:%& 3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333334;

    +?$ @/) +- AB"A 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333334;

    5+670*(,/% C*)2 )2% #=@ 333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333334D

    >:K" 9%$. -.9 ?$,'"%-%@ +"%A$%37777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 FB

    1%(0)2 .%$'*/%& 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333"J

    9(:%& 3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333""

    333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333IA

    5(&?(0*K()*+, (,8 9+$L%$ M.2+$)(:%N 3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333I"

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////DE

    @?8*)& 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333I;

    O%&)$*/)%8 @//%&& 3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333IB

    P,*+,& 333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333;J

    >:K"

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    6/110

    /////////////////////////////////////////////0B

    :K" 0$9 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777BI

    F-;A "G :/$ :0>01$.;$ 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777BD

    333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333AJJ

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    7/110

    GT%/?)*'% .?66($H ;

    8N8-O"

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    8/110

    !1)+ 0"%*0( =*58+"+ *' CAAB 6"5#8+" *= (1"

    5*..)(."'( (* 5*0%*0#(" +*5)#& 0"+%*'+)6)&)(/

    #'- )(+ "'9#9"."'( 2)(1 (1" ,LM7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    9/110

    GT%/?)*'% .?66($H B

    "'=*05"-7 Q51*+ &)3" ])09)')8+ #N#4 21* 90"2

    8% *' 21#( )+ '*2 #' CAAB %'(#()*'4 -"+50)6"

    :#+( 9#%+ )' 5*.%&)#'5"4 .#'/ *= 21)51 1#:"

    *'&/ 90*2' "0 *:"0 ()."7

    '*';5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 (1" ABC7 P)%)-#("-

    #'- *:"050*2-"- 1*8+"+ #0" 5*..*'4 #+

    ."-)5#& =#5)&)()"+4 #'- #6#'-*'"- 50Z51"+7

    Q*." *= (1" .*+( -#.')'9 ":)-"'5" #6*8( (1"

    ).%&"."'(#()*' *= (1" ABC4 1*2":"04 5*."+

    68( =0*. 9*:"0'."'(#& +80:"/+ *= (1" +"5(*07

    A0"+8.#6&/4 #=("0 OJ /"#0+ *= 98#0#'(""- 1"#&(1

    5#0"4 1*8+)'94 +#')(#()*' #'- =**- +8%%*0( )' #

    +(#6&" %*%8()*'4 +*5)#& )'-)5#(*0+ +1*8&- 6"

    %*+)():"7 8+( -"-85()*'+ =0*. 2*03"0+G %#/51"53+7 L*0

    .*+( >*6+ *' (1" %'(#()*'+4 (1"0" #0" @8*(#+

    2#9"a 2*03"0+ 21* =#)& (* .""( (1)+ @8*(# =#5"%#/ -"-85()*'+ *= 8% (* 1#&= (1" -#/G+ 2#9"+7

    L0*. IJJU (* IJTY4 (1" @8*(# =*0 %&853)'9

    ("#;&"#=4 21)51 )+ +"( 6/ ".%&*/"0+ #50*++ (1"

    0"9)*'4 1#+ )'50"#+"- 6/ VJb7 !1"0" 1#+ 6""'

    '* 5*00"+%*'-)'9 ).%0*:"."'( )' ("51'*&*9/

    (* "'#6&" 2*03"0+ (* %)53 =#+("0? 2*03"0+ .8+(

    %)53 #+ (1"/ 1#:" #&2#/+ -*'"4 6/ 1#'- *0 2)(1

    +1"#0+7 !1" (#+3 0#("+ =*0 %08')'9 (1" ("# 68+1"+4

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    10/110

    )'50"#+"- #( CAAB 2)(1*8( #'/ "N%'#()*'7 c'

    .#'/ %'(#()*'+4 2*03"0+ +#)- (1#( (1"/ 2"0"

    '* &*'9"0 #6&" (* 5*.%&"(" (1" (#+3 *' (1")0

    *2'4 #'- 1#- (* (#3" *' 1"&%"0+ 21*. (1"/

    5*.%"'+#("- *8( *= (1")0 *2' %*53"(+7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    11/110

    GT%/?)*'% .?66($H AA

    )' K"+( *0 =#5(*0 "'#6&)'9

    (1". (* "N"05)+" 5*'(0*& *:"0 2*03"0+7

    "J8 "K:MH>F

    !1" (0#'+)()*' =0*. !#(# (* CAAB 2#+ %0".)+"-

    =*0 # .*0" +8+(#)'#6&" %'(#()*' .*-"&7 M"'(0#&

    "&"."'(+ *= (1" %' )'5&8-"- (1" +#&" *= 8% (* YJb

    +1#0"+ 2*8&- 9* (* +(#== #'- .#'#9"."'(4 (1"

    50"-)6)&)(/ *= (1" %' 0"@8)0"- (1#( 2*03"0+ #&+*68/ )'7 !1" ,LM (0"#("- (1" +#&" *= +1#0"+ (* 2*03"0+

    #+ # 50)()5#& ="#(80" *= )(+ -"5)+)*' (* )':"+(7

    K1#(":"0 (1" ."0)(+ *= (1" %'4 )(+ ).%&"."'(#()*'

    1#+ 6""' "N(0"."&/ %0*6&".#()57 C=("0 -"+8&(*0/

    %#/51"53 -"-85()*'+ S =*0 (1" %8051#+" *=

    +1#0"+4 .#'#9"."'( 9#:" 8% "N%)')'9 #'/(1)'9

    (* 2*03"0+4 #'- +).%&/ +"( #6*8( 5*':)'5)'9

    (1". (* 68/7 K*03"0+ 4*4 68/4 )' 0"():"&/

    " '8.6"0+4 .#03)'9 (1")0 (18.6 %0)'(+ *'

    "&/ )'5*.%0"1"'+)6&" -*58."'(+ 20)(("'

    )' `'9&)+17 !1" 5*.%#'/ #'- (1" ,LM (0"#("-

    (1" 1)91 +86+50)%()*' 0#("+ #+ *%3# 5-6)# %0**= *=

    9**- 5*..8')5#()*' #'- 2*03"0 "'(18+)#+.

    =*0 (1" +51"."7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    12/110

    d*24 .*0" (1#' (10"" /"#0+ #=("0 CAAB 2*03"0+

    +)9'"- *' (* (1" +1#0" %'4 (1"0" )+ +()&&

    2)-"+%0"#- 5*'=8+)*' #.*'9 (1". #6*8( 21#(

    (1" +1#0"+ 0"%0"+"'(4 #'- 21#( (1")0 0)91(+ .#/

    6" #+ +1#0"1*&-"0+7 !1" 5*.%#'/ 1#+ 8(("0&/

    =#)&"- (* 5*..8')5#(" 2)(1 (1)+ +86+"( *= )(+

    +1#0"1*&-"0+? #50*++ (1" CAAB %'(#()*'+42*03"0+ +(#("- 5#("9*0)5#&&/ (1#( (1"0" 1#- 6""'

    '* .""()'9 5#&&"- *0 '"2+&"(("0 -)+(0)68("-

    (1" 5*.%#'/ +)'5" (1"/ +)9'"- 8% =*0 +1#0"+7

    !1"/ 1#:" '*( ":"' 6""' %0*:)-"- #55"++ (* (1"

    5*.%#'/G+ #''8#& 0"%*0(+4 21)51 )' #'/ ":"'(

    #0" '*( %86&)5 -*58."'(+ #'- #0" *'&/ )' `'9&)+17

    L0*. # %80"&/ "5*'*.)5 %"0+%"5():"4 (1"

    6"'"=)(+ (* (1" 2*03"0+ #0" 8'5"0(#)'4 -"+%)("

    (1" *%().)+()5 5).+ *= CAAB #'- (1" ,LM7 d*2(1#( %#/51"53 -"-85()*'+ 1#:" 6"98'4 2*03"0+

    #0" &*+)'9 #' #--)()*'#& O;eb *= (1")0 ."#9"0

    2#9"+ "#51 %#/ %"0)*-7 L*0 =*80 /"#0+4 2*03"0+

    #0" &*53"- )'4 #'- -80)'9 (1)+ ()."4 (1" :#&8"

    *= (1" )':"+(."'( )+ 98#0#'(""-4 #&*'9 2)(1 #

    0#(" *= Ob )'("0"+(7 C&(1*891 (1" )'("0"+( 0#("

    )+ 1)91 6/ 2"+("0' +(#'-#0-+4 )( 6#0"&/ (0#53+

    )'=()*' )' ,'-)#4 21"0" 5*.."05)#& )'("0"+(

    0#("+ #0" 5800"'(&/ .*0" (1#' \Jb 1)91"04 *'

    &*'9;("0. +#:)'9+ #55*8'(+7 C=("0 =*80 /"#0+4

    2*03"0+G +1#0"+ :"+(4 #'- (1" :#&8" *= (1"

    )':"+(."'( 2)&& 0)+" *0 =#&& 6#+"- *' .#03"(

    5*'-)()*'+7 ,' *(1"0 2*0-+4 8'-"0%#)- 2*03"0+

    =#5" (1" 0)+3 *= (1" .#03"( 2)(1*8( *(1"0

    6"'"=)(+ *= +1#0" *2'"0+1)%7

    (1" %"0:"0+" 5*'+"@8"'5" *= -)+%*++"++)'9

    2*03"0+ *= #90)58&(80#& '- (1"/ 1#- 58&():#("-

    =*0 9"'"0#()*'+7 CAAB #''*8'5"- )' IJTJ (1#(

    2)(1)' (1" %'(#()*' #0"#7 X*2":"04 2*03"0

    )'("0:)"2+ 0":"#&"- (1#( (1" %&*(+ *= '- )'

    @8"+()*' 1#- #5(8#&&/ 6""' #&&*5#("- (* 2*03"0+G=#.)&)"+ )' 5*&*')#& ()."+ =*0 (1" 58&():#()*' *=

    +86+)+("'5" 50*%+7 !1)+ '- 1#- 6""' *=="0"-

    #+ %#0( *= (1" 5*.%"'+#()*' %#53#9" (* )'-85"

    2*03"0+ (* 8%0**( (1")0 =#.)&)"+ #'- .*:" (*

    (1" %'(#()*'+7 CAAB .#'#9"."'( 5)."-

    0#(" =*0 2*03"0+4 #'- '* '"2 %"0.#'"'( >*6+7

    "J8 KLF8 :MU K8H>LMH"5(7 ,' *(1"0 2*0-+4 CAAB :*&8'(#0)&/

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    13/110

    GT%/?)*'% .?66($H AE

    +8%%&"."'("- )(+ +(#(8(*0/ *6&)9#()*'+ 8'-"0

    (1" ABC 2)(1 #--)()*'#& 5*'(0#5(8#& *6&)9#()*'+

    (* (1" K*0&- "5( )' IJTI4 '*("- +*." *=

    (1" %0*6&".+ 21)51 #%%0*%0)#(" -8" -)&)9"'5"

    2*8&- 1#:" "N%*+"-4 #'- 0#)+"- +"0)*8+

    K)(1 0"9#0- (* (1" +1#0" %'4 (1" ,LMG+ 0*&"

    1#+ 6""' %#0()58&/ %0*6&".#()57 ,' "#0&/

    %0*>"5( -*58."'(+4 (1" ,LM %0*%*+"- (* %/

    *= +1#0"+7 !1)+ 2*8&- 1#:" 6""' #' "N(0"."&/

    :#&8#6&" 0*&" =*0 )( (* %/4 9):"' (1" %*2"0

    -/'#.)5+ #( 2*03 *' (1" %'(#()*'+4 #'- (1"

    )'=*0."- 5*'+"'( (10*891 (1" %0*5"++7 !1"

    0*&" =*0 ".%&*/""+ )' 5*0%*0#(" 9*:"0'#'5"7

    !1" ,LM %0*%*+"- (1#( )( 2*8&- 1"&% -":"&*%

    #--0"++ (1)+7 "5(7 !1" ,LM 1#+ -"5&)'"- (* "N"05)+" )(+

    *%()*' (* #%%*)'( # .".6"0 (* (1" CAAB 6*#0-4

    #'- 1#+ 0"+%*'-"- -"="'+):"&/ (* 0"%*0(+ *=

    %0*6&".+ =0*. # 2)-" 0#'9" *= +*805"+7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    14/110

    .#'#9"."'(4 #'- #0"4 (* #&& #%%"#0#'5"+4 .*0"

    %0*("5():" *= .#'#9"."'(G+ )'("0"+(+ (1#' (1*+"

    *= 2*03"0+7 C8-)(+ #0" +51"-8&"- )' #-:#'5"

    2)(1 .#'#9"."'(4 #&&*2)'9 =#5)&)()"+ (* 6"

    +%085"- 8%7 !1" :)+)(+ #0" +86+"@8"'(&/ 5#0"=8&&/

    51*0"*90#%1"- 6/ .#'#9"."'(4 "N5&8-)'9 (1"

    8'+8%"0:)+"- 2*03"0 )'("0:)"2+7

    C+ (1" 0"%*0( +899"+(+4 (1" %0*&)="0#()*' *= '"2

    +(#'-#0-+4 21)&" *=="0)'9 (1" %0*.)+" *= .8&()%&"

    #:"'8"+ =*0 #51)":)'9 +*5)#& 0"+%*'+)6)&)(/

    9*#&+4 +"".+4 #( &"#+( )' (1)+ 5#+"4 (* +"0:" #+ #

    -):"0+)*'7 !1" %0):#(" +(#'-#0-+ %0*:)-" (1"

    ).%0"++)*' *= 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 *0 +(#'-#0-+4

    HO&&:KQ -LM-FOH? -/$*,- &( )(*+,*- &/*(:4/

    .,2,"&'(% $%. 2(,*2'(%7 !1" %'(#()*'+

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    15/110

    GT%/?)*'% .?66($H A"

    .8+( #5( ).."-)#("&/ (* "'#6&" 2*03"0+

    (* *%(;*8( *= (1" +1#0" *2'"0+1)% +51"."4

    #'- 0"(80' (* (1" +(#(8+ @8* #'("7 L#)&)'9 #

    ."#')'9=8& *%( *8( ."51#')+.4 CAAB .8+(

    (* # +1#0" 90#'(4 0"=8'-)'9 #&& %#/51"53

    -"-85()*'+ (* -#(" #'- 5"#+)'9 #'/ =80(1"0-"-85()*'+4 9):"' (1#( .*+( 2*03"0+ #0" )&&

    #6&" (* #==*0- (1".7

    "5():" #'-

    (0#'+%#0"'( 0":)"2 *= 5*.%&)#'5"4 #'- # 5&"#0

    ()."(#6&" =*0 ).%&"."'()'9 +*&8()*'+7

    _#'/ :)*()*'+ #++*5)#("- 2)(1 (1" +1#0"

    *2'"0+1)% %' 2)&& #&+* 0"@8)0" &*'9"0;

    ("0. 0"."-)"+7 K*03"0 %#0()5)%#()*' )' (1"9*:"0'#'5" *= CAAB4 (10*891 %0*%*0()*'#&

    0"%0"+"'(#()*' *' (1"

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    16/110

    >K8S:-8

    C.#&9#.#("- A'(#()*'+ A0):#(" B(- DCAABE

    )+ (1" +"5*'- "+( %0*-85"0 *= ("# )' ,'-)#421)514 )' (80'4 )+ (1" 2*0&-G+ "+( %0*-85"0

    #'- 5*'+8."0 *= 65 ("#7 CAAB *%"0#("+ IV

    %'(#()*'+ 2)(1 '"#0&/ YT4JJJ =8&& ()." 2*03"0+

    )' C++#. #'- (1" P**#0+4 (1" 0"9)*' *= K"+(

    "5( )+ #&+* #' "N%"0)."'( )' # 3)'- *=

    0"+(085(80)'9 (1#( )+ =#.)&)#0 )' .#'8=#5(80)'94

    68( 0"():"&/ '"2 )' #90)58&(80"? !#(# !"# 2#+

    # :"0()5#&&/;)'("90#("- "'("0%0)+"4 68( .#-" (1"

    -"5)+)*' (* -)++*5)#(" )(+"&= =0*. (1" %0*-85()*'

    +)-" *= )(+ 68+)'"++7 Q).) 51#'9"+ *55800"-

    *:"0 (1" %#+( -"5#-"+ )' 5*'+8."0 9**-+ #'-

    #%%#0"& 21"' 60#'-+ -):"+("- (1".+"&:"+ *=

    =#5(*0)"+7 !1" '"2 5*0%*0#(" "'()(/4 !#(# F&*6#&

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    17/110

    #$%-(/% A;

    (1" ("# %'(#()*'+ )+ 8'5"0(#)'7 !#(#G+ -"5)+)*'

    (* 2)(1-0#2 =0*. %'(#()*' *%"0#()*'+ 5#."

    #9#)'+( # 6#53-0*% *= # %0"5)%)(*8+ -0*% )'

    %0*-85"0 %0)5"+ =*0 %0*5"++"- &"#=4 21)51 &"-

    (* (1" 5&*+80" *= %'(#()*'+ #'- (1" +(#0:#()*'

    -"#(1+ *= 2*03"0+ #'- (1")0 =#.)&)"+7 !1" 6)99"+(

    *2'"0 *= %'(#()*'+ )' ,'-)# #( (1#( ()."4

    !1*891 (1" ).."-)#(" 50)+)+ )+ %#+(4 "5*'*.)5

    5*'-)()*'+ 0".#)' %0"5#0)*8+4 2)(1 .#'/

    %'(#()*'+ +""3)'9 2#/+ (* 0"-85" (1")0

    "N%"'-)(80"+7 !1" 5*'-)()*'+ #0" "N#5"06#("-

    6/ )'-8+(0)#& 8'0"+(4 21"0" ".%&*/"0+ #0"

    @8)53 (* 0"+%*'- 6/ -"5)'9 &*53*8(+ *=

    2*03"0+7 K)(1 "#51 +851 5&*+80"4 2*03"0+ #0"

    -"%0):"- '*( *'&/ *= 2#9"+4 68( #&+* *= =**-

    0#()*'+ #'- ."-)5#& 5#0"7 ,' &)91( *= %0"++80"+*' '- 8+"4 2*03"0+G =08+(0#()*'+ 2)(1 2#9"+

    #'- 5*'-)()*'+4 #'- (1" 5/5&)5#& :*()&)(/ *=

    %0*-85"0 %0)5"+4 (1" &*'9;("0. +8+(#)'#6)&)(/ *=

    (1" %'(#()*' .*-"& )+ '*( 5&"#07

    L*0 (1" '"#0&/ YT4JJJ %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+

    *= CAAB #'- (1")0 =#.)&)"+4 #'- (1" ("'+ *=

    (1*8+#'-+ *= (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+ "@8#&&/

    -"%"'-"'( *' (1" CAAB %'(#()*'+4 (1" +(#3"+

    #0" "N(0#*0-)'#0)&/ 1)917

    !1)+ 5#+" +(8-/ )+ #--0"++"- (* (1*+" 21* 2*032)(1 *0 +(8-/ (1" ("# +"5(*04 #+ 2"&& #+ (1*+"

    "'9#9"- 2)(1 (1" 60*#-"0 )++8"+ *= #90)58&(80#&

    *04 %86&)5 )':"+(."'( )' %0):#(" )'-8+(0/4

    #'- 21#( )+ +*."()."+ 0"="00"- (* #+ 5*0%*0#("

    +*5)#& 0"+%*'+)6)&)(/7 ,' %#0()58 2" 1#:" )'

    .)'- %0):#(" #'- %86&)5 )':"+(*0+4 #-:*5#5/

    *09#')H#()*'+4 #'- (0#-" 8')*'+4 #&& *= 21*.

    )' (1" 5*80+" *= (1" 0"+"#0517 K)(1)' (1#( 90*8%4

    2" #0" "+%"5)#&&/ 5*'5"0'"- #6*8( (1" ,LM #'- (1"

    *09#')H#()*'+ (1#( .*')(*0 #'- 5"0()=/ 5*0%*0#("

    +*5)#& %0#5()5"+7 !1" 0"%*0( )+ #&+* #--0"++"-

    -)0"5(&/ (* (1" !#(# F0*8%4 # +"( *= 5*.%#')"+2)(1 # %0*=*8'- )':"+(."'( )' 6*(1 (1" "5*'*.)5

    #'- (1" +*5)#& -":"&*%."'( *= ,'-)#7

    !1" 5#+" +(8-/ #++"++"+ !#(#G+ CAAB )')()#():"

    #9#)'+( (1" =0#."2*03 *= ,'-)#' #'- (1"

    #--)()*'#& /"0 *= %0):#(" +(#'-#0-+ "+%*8+"-

    6/ (1" 5*.%#'/4 %#0()58&/ (1" +(#'-#0-+ *=

    (1" ,LM #'- Q*5)#& C55*8'(#6)&)(/ ,'("0'#()*'#&7

    C+ # %0):#(" 5*.%#'/ 2)(1 #' "N%#'+):" 01"(*0)5

    #'- 0"%8(#()*' *= +*5)#& #55*8'(#6)&)(/4 #'-

    *'" .*0"*:"0 (1#( 1#+ 51*+"' (* )'=8+" )(+)':"+(."'( 2)(1 %86&)5 %80%*+" 6/ %#0('"0)'9

    2)(1 (1" K*0&-

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    18/110

    &8"JLULFLVQ

    !1)+ 0"%*0( 2#+ 8'-"0(#3"' 6/ (1" X8.#'

    W)91(+ ,'+()(8(" *= M*&8.6)# B#2 Q51**&4 8+)'9-)+50"()*'#0/ 0"+"#051 =8'-+ #'- +(8-"'(

    +8%%*0( =0*. M*&8.6)#G+ X8.#' W)91(+ M&)')57

    ,( 2#+ -)0"5("- 6/ A0*="++*0 A"("0 W*+"'6&8. )'

    %#0('"0+1)% 2)(1 C+12)') Q83(1#'3#04 # /"0

    6#+"- )' d"2 h*03 M)(/4 #'- Q#0.)+1(1# "5(? C.#'-#

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    19/110

    U%)2+8+0+:H AB

    K*03"0 )'("0:)"2+ 2"0" 5*'-85("- %0).#0)&/ )'

    (1" &):)'9 #0"# *= (1" %'(#()*'+4 3'*2' #+ (1"

    )'-"%"'-"'5" =*0 2*03"0 )'("0:)"2+4 2" -)-

    '*( )'=*0. .#'#9"."'( 6"=*0" "'("0)'9 (1"

    B#6*80 C5( )' C++#. #'- K"+( #' #'- C51#6#.4 #( (1")0

    )')()#():"7 ,' K#+1)'9(*' P7M74 (1" 0"+"#051"0+

    +%*3" 2)(1 ,LM +(#== #'- +(#== *= (1" M*.%&)#'5"

    C-:)+*0fc.68-+.#' DMCcE4 (1" ,LMG+ )'("0'#&

    6*-/ =*0 1#'-&)'9 5*.%)'(+ =0*. 5*..8')()"+

    #=="5("- 6/ ,LM %0*>"5(+7 K" #0" 90#("=8& =*0 (1")0

    5**%"0#()*' )' (1)+ 0"%*0(7

    !1" 0"+"#051"0+ 1#:" )'("0:)"2"- #'- 5*'+8&("-

    2)-"&/ 2)(1 *09#')H#()*'+ #'- )'-):)-8#&+4 6*(1

    &*5#& #'- )'("0'#()*'#&4 )'5&8-)'9 (0#-" 8')*'+4

    +(8-"'( *09#')H#()*'+4 2*."'G+ 90*8%+4 %*&)()5#&

    %#0()"+4 #'- #5#-".)5+7 _#'/ #0" '*( '#."-

    )' (1)+ 0"%*0(4 #( (1")0 0"@8"+(7 c80 "==*0(+ (*

    0"#51 ".%&*/"0+G *09#')H#()*'+4 %#0()58&/

    (1" C++#. #'- P**#0+ 60#'51"+ *= (1" ,'-)#'

    !"# C++*5)#()*'4 2"0" 8'+855"++=8&7 Q*."

    *== (1" 0"5*0-4 21)&" (1" .#>*0)(/ -)- '*(

    0"+%*'- (* 0"@8"+(+ =*0 # .""()'97 F*:"0'."'(

    +(#== #( (1" d#()*'#& W80#& X"#&(1 _)++)*' #'-

    (1" ,'-)#' M*8'5)& =*0 _"-)5#& W"+"#051 2"0"

    9"'"0*8+ 2)(1 (1")0 ()." #'- "N%"0()+"7

    K" #0" "+%"5)#&&/ #2#0" *= (1" -"6( *2"- (*

    (1" 2*03"0+ #( CAAB4 18'-0"-+ *= 21*. 2"0"

    2)&&)'9 (* %#0()5)%#(" )' *%"';"'-"- )'("0:)"2+

    #6*8( (1")0 &):"+ 2)(1*8( #'/ "N%"5(#()*' *=

    5*.%"'+#()*' *0 0"-0"++7

    d*("? !1" 0"%*0( =0"@8"'(&/ 0"="0"'5"+ *0

    @8*("+ .*'"(#0/ #.*8'(+ )' ,'-)#' 08%""+ D!E4

    0"+"#051 #'- +*4 =*0 (1" +#3" *= 5*'+)+("'5/4 2"

    1#:" 8+"- #' #%%0*N).#(" ."-)#' "N51#'9"

    0#(" *= !

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    20/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    21/110

    >:K" *0 51#'9" =*0 %'("0+4 21*

    1"#:)&/ 0"+(0)5("- 2*03"0+G .*6)&)(/ 2)(1)' (1"

    %'(#()*'4 #+ 2"&& #+ #&& "'(0/ #'- "N)(7I[

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    28/110

    #'- +"2#9" (0"#(."'(4 %86&)5 "-85#()*'4 #'-

    1*8+)'9 +86+)-)"+ =*0 %**0 #'- .#09)'#&)H"-

    5*..8')()"+7YI !* (1)+ "N("'(4 ":"' 21"0"

    (1" "N%"'+"+ #0" 0"#&4 5*.%#')"+ #0" ."0"&/

    0"%)'9 "N%"'-)(80" (1#( )+ (1" 0"+%*'+)6)&)(/

    *= (1" 9*:"0'."'(4 0#(1"0 (1#' 9*)'9 6"/*'-7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    29/110

    (1#( (1" +)(8#()*' 1#- '*( ).%0*:"-7 C55*0-)'9 (*

    1).4 (1"0" 1#+ '*( 6""' # +"0)*8+ "==*0(4 6/ ")(1"0

    ".%&*/"0+ *0 (1" +(#("4 (* ).%0*:" 5*.%&)#'5"

    2)(1 (1" ABC +)'5" (1" T[OJ+7VJ

    `:"' (1" 9*:"0'."'(G+ :"0/ &).)("- %86&)5

    +(#()+()5+ *' ABC 5*.%&)#'5" 1)'( #( (1" +5#&" *=

    (1" :)*()*'+7 L*0 IJJe4 (1" 0"%*0( )'-)5#("+ (1#(

    %'(#()*'+ )' K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    30/110

    \[7[b *= %0"+51**& 51)&-0"' 2"0" 8'-"02")91(4

    #+ 2"0" UY7Tb *= 2*."' #'- O\7Ub *= ."'7

    C'".)# 2#+ #( '"#0&/ UIb7 C( (1" ()." *= (1"

    +80:"/4 )' IJJO4 '"#0&/ TYb *= 51)&-0"' 8'-"0

    !1" %0":#&"'5" *= (86"058&*+)+ 2#+ 1)91"0 (1#'

    (1" *:"0#&& %0":#&"'5" )' C++#.7VV

    W"5"'( +(8-)"+ +1*2 0"+8&(+ (1#( #0" #+ 6#-4 *0

    2*0+"7 C IJTY +(8-/ *= %"0.#'"'( ("# %'(#()*'

    2*03"0+ )' P)6089#01 +1*2"- "N(0#*0-)'#0)&/

    &*2 )'-)5#(*0+ =*0 1"#&(14 '8(0)()*' #'-

    "-85#()*'7 !1" #:"0#9" 5#&*0)5 )'(#3" =*0 ."'

    "'9#9"- )' 1#0- %1/+)5#& *0 2#+ \Jb *= (1"

    0"5*.."'-"- #.*8'(4 #'- =*0 2*."'4 OOb7V\

    C55*0-)'9 (* (1)+ +(8-/4 [O7Tb *= (1*+" +80:"/"-

    -"="5#("- )' (1" *%"' #)04 #'- '"#0&/ TJJb 2"0"

    =8'5()*'#&&/ )&&)("0#("7VO

    !* -)+%"& #'/ +"'+" (1#((1" 5*'-)()*'+ 2"0" 0".#03#6&"4 (1" %0).#0/

    0"+"#051"0 '*("- (1#( +1" 1#- :)+)("- *:"0 TJJ

    %'(#()*'+ #( (1" ()." *= 20)()'94 #'- (1#( (1"

    +)(8#()*' 2#+ +).) ":"0/21"0"7VU

    d*( +80%0)+)'9&/4 9):"' (1" %0*6&".+ (10*891*8(

    (1" +"5(*04 (1" 9#%+ )' 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 (1" ABC

    #( CAAB %'(#()*'+ #0" *6:)*8+ #'- 2)-"+%0"#-4

    '*(2)(1+(#'-)'9 CAAB 5).+ S #'- (1" +(#0(&)'9

    :)*()*'+ #0" -*58."'("- 6"&*24 )' -"(#)&7

    VV F7R7 _"-1) "( #&74 R)$4G #5 .(-1)/ :"#=1('3 -+4 8$)"*)*#+-1 R)-)$3 #5 ?(- !-"4(+ :#%$1-)*#+ #5 933-'4 ,'-)#' j7 _"-7 Q5)74 P"57 IJJO4 #(

    \JJ7

    V\ !7 _#1#'(# "( #&74 U55(6) #5 ]*"(6)1G ^=3("H(4 @"#+ ?/("-%G *+ 9+-('*- -+4 :"#4$6)*H*)G _ 9 B#''$+*)G L-3(4 @+)("H(+)*#+ R)$4G *+

    ]*="$,-"/< 933-'4 ,'-)#' j7 *= C%%&)"- W"+74 C%07 IJTY4 #( IV7

    VO @47 #( IY7 ,' (1" IJJO +80:"/4 0"+"#051"0+ =*8'- O\b )&&)("0#5/ #'- -"("0.)'"- (1#( OYb *= )'-):)-8#&+ 1#- #55"++ (* # 1*8+"1*&- (*)&"(a

    (1"/ -)-'G( ":#&8#(" (1" @8#&)(/ *0 #5(8#& 8+" *= (1" (*)&"(+7 _"-1)4 3$%"-'*(" VV4 #( V[[7

    VU `.#)& "N51#'9" 2)(1 %0).#0/ #8(1*04 _#/ TY4 IJTY7

    9 2#"0(" -) Q$+,-'$))(( U3)-)( K+#2 4(6(-3(4P 4(36"*=(3

    )/( "(6"$*)'(+) %"#6(33 -+4 )/( 2((0C1#+, T#$"+(G 5"#'

    B/#)-+-,%$" )/-) ="#$,/) /*' )# )/( %1-+)-)*#+ *+ OX``7

    B#+4*)*#+3 2("( /-"3/< =$) /( 2-3 4"-2+ =G *+6(+)*H(3#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTIa M1862# !"# +(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TT4 IJTI7

    eU ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#.

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    42/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    43/110

    4%&5- H@#$ +&)W W)$-& A&%H W-88# ) A-W

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    44/110

    2#("0 *0 (1" -"#0(1 *= %8.%+ #'- (#%+ #:#)&" )'

    (1" *0 &)'"+7 C.*'9 (1" "N#.%&"+?

    C( #'4 2*03"0+ +1*2"- 8+ 1*8+"+ 2)(1

    '* ."#')'9=8& #55"++ (* 5*.%#'/;%0*:)-"-

    2#("0 (#%+a (1"+" 1*8+"+ #0" "'()0"&/ 0"&)#'(

    *' 2"&&+ (1#( (1"/ -)9 (1".+"&:"+4 #'- #( (1")0

    *2' "N%"'+"7 c'" 2*.#' (*&- 8+ (1#( )' (1"-0/ +"#+*'4 +1" +*."()."+ 1#+ (* 2*03 (1"

    2"&& =*0 #' 1*80 #'- # 1#&= (* +"580" "'*891

    2#("0 =*0 (1" -#/G+ '""-+7[J

    L*0 .*+( *= (1" 2*03"0+ #( d#1*0#') "+(#("4

    (1"0" 2#+ '* 5*.%#'/;%0*:)-"- #55"++ (*

    2#("07 X*8+"1*&-+ 1#:" 1#- (* 68)&- (1")0

    *2' (86";2"&&+4 #( (1")0 *2' "N%"'+"7[T

    C( P#. P).4 21"0" (1" 2#("0 (#%+ S (10""

    =*0 ":"0/ &)'" *= IJ 1*8+"+ S 2"0" +2)(51"-

    *' >8+( (10"" ()."+ # -#/ =*0 1#&= #' 1*804

    2*03"0+ #&&"9"- (1#( (1" 2#("0 2#+ %8.%"-

    -)0"5(&/ =0*. (1" 0):"0 2)(1*8( (0"#(."'(7

    !1"/ 6"&)":"- (1#( (1" 2#("0 +8%%&/ 2#+

    0"+%*'+)6&" =*0 (1" 1)91 )'5)-"'5" *=

    -/+"'("0/ *' (1" "+(#("7[I

    Q).)&/4 2*03"0+ 0"%*0("-4 )' *'" %*0()*'

    *= W8'9#.8(("" "+(#(" S B)'" IV S (1#( (1"

    2#("0 2#+ %8.%"- -)0"5(&/ =0*. (1" 0):"07

    TJ .*'(1+4 #( &"#+( +":"' (* ")91( %"*%&"

    [Y

    C( d#1*038()#4 2*03"0+ 5*.%)'"- #6*8(

    =0"@8"'( -"#(1+ =0*. 2#("0;6*0'" -)+"#+"+

    1#:" 6""' +* .#'/ -"#(1+ =0*. 51*&"0# (1#(

    [V

    K*03"0+ #( +":"0#& "+(#("+ 0"5*8'("- +(*0)"+ *=

    2#("0 5*'(#.)'#()*' (1#(4 =*0 (1".4 )'-)5#("-

    (1" &*2 :#&8" 21)51 (1" 5*.%#'/ %"- *' (1")0

    1"#&(1 #'- (1")0 &):"+7 C( X#(()9*04 2*03"0+ %*)'("-

    *8( (1" " "&":#("- (#'3 21"0" (1" -0)'3)'9

    2#("0 =*0 (1" *0 &)'"+ )+ 9"'"0#&&/ +(*0"-7

    c' (1" *55#+)*'+ 21"' )( 1#+ 6""' )' -)+0"%#)04

    2*03"0+ 5)."-4 (1" 5*.%#'/ 1#+ -)+(0)68("-

    2#("0 8+)'9 (1" (#'3 )' 21)51 )( .)N"+ %"+()5)-"+

    =*0 +%0#/)'9 (1" ("# 68+1"+7[\C 90*8% *= 2*03"0+

    #( _#>8&) 5*.%)'"- #6*8( # 0"5"'( )'5)-"'(

    (1"0"4 21"0" # 5*2 -0*2'"- )' (1")0 -0)'3)'9

    2#("0 +8%%&/7 !1" 5*2 2#+ '*( 0".*:"- =*0 # ="2

    [O

    ?1?,:KG,G:Z

    C50*++ (1" CAAB "+(#("+4 #55"++ (* "&"5(0)5)(/

    #+ 2"&& #+ (1" "N%"'+" *= 0"5"):)'9 )(4 #0" .#>*0

    5*'5"0'+7 C( #&& "+(#("+4 2*03"0+ 5*.%)'"- #6*8(

    :"0/ 1"#:/ -"-85()*'+4 +*."()."+ #.*8'()'9 (*

    '"#0&/ 1#&= *= (1")0 (#3";1*." %#/7 !* #-- )'+8&((* )'>80/4 (1"/ -* '*( #5(8#&&/ 0"5"):" IV 1*80+

    *= "&"5(0)5)(/a )' .*+( 5#+"+4 (1" 5*''"5()*' )+

    +2)(51"- *' 6/ (1" 5*.%#'/4 +*."()."+ =*0 #+

    &)((&" #+ (10"" *0 =*80 1*80+ # -#/7

    c' .*+( "+(#("+4 )( #%%"#0+ (1#( (1" 5*+( *="&"5(0)5)(/ )+ -):)-"- "@8#&&/ #.*'9 2*03"0+

    e[

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    45/110

    #' !"# +(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7 Q)'5" (1" %0#5()5" #( .*+( CAAB "+(#("+

    )+ (* -):)-" (1" (*(#& 6)&& =*0 %*2"0 5*'+8.%()*' "@8#&&/ #.*'9 (1" 2*03"0+4 0"9#0-&"++ *= 1*2 .851 "#51 1#+ 5*'+8."- )'-):)-8#&&/4

    )( )+ '*( 5&"#0 21/ (1"0" +1*8&- ":"0 1#:" 6""' +851 .#++):" #00"#0+4 *0 5*'()'8"- -"-85()*'+ =0*. 2*03"0+G %#/51"53+7

    TJT R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

    TJI _#>8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    TJY @47

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    46/110

    5*''"5()*'7 C( d#1*038()#4 =*0 "N#.%&"4 2" +#2

    (1" %#/51"53+ *= (10"" %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+4 &):)'9

    )' (1" +#." 1*8+"4 "#51 *= 21*. 1#- %#)- !T[\

    =0*. (1")0 =*0(')91(G+ 2#9"+ =*0 "&"5(0)5)(/7TJV

    `&"5(0)5)(/ )+ *'" *= (1" +"0:)5"+ (1#( (1"

    9*:"0'."'( +86+)-)H"+ =*0 (1*+" &):)'9 6"&*2 (1"

    %*:"0(/ &)'" S )'5&8-)'9 .#'/ 2)(1 1*8+"1*&-

    )'5*." &":"&+ +).) (* (1*+" *= CAAB 2*03"0+7

    !1"0" #0" .#'/ +851 1*8+"1*&-+ *8(+)-" (1"

    %'(#()*'4 +*."()."+ 2)(1)' +("%+ *= (1" *0

    &)'"+7 C( X#(1)38&) "+(#(" )' C++#.4 =*0 "N#.%&"4

    2" :)+)("- (1" 1*."+ *= (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+

    21* &):" >8+( *8(+)-" (1" %'(#()*' %"0)."("04

    #'- 0":)"2"- "&"5(0)5)(/ 6)&&+ *= 6"(2""' !YJ

    #'- !ITJ %"0 .*'(1 =*0 5*'()'8*8+ +"0:)5"7TJ\

    K*03"0+ #( d#1*0#') 21* 1#- .#'#9"- (* +"580"

    # -)0"5( 5*''"5()*' =0*. (1" "&"5(0)5)(/ 6*#0-42)(1*8( .#'#9"."'( %"0.)++)*'4 5)."- (1#(

    (1"/ %#/ 1#&= *= 21#( (1"/ 8+"- (* %#/7 c'"

    2*03"0 (*&- 8+ (1#( (1" 0"#+*' "&"5(0)5)(/ 6)&&"-

    (10*891 (1" 5*.%#'/ )+ +* "N%"'+):" )+ 6"5#8+"

    (1" 5*.%#'/ %#/+ #' )'-8+(0)#& 0#(" #'- +).%&/

    )( )+ # %0*6&".4 +)'5" (1" 5*.%#'/ %#/+ =*0 (1"

    TJO

    `N51#'9"+ 2)(1 CAAB .#'#9"0+ *' (1)+ )++8"

    %0*-85"- &)((&" 5)(/7 !1" _#'#9)'9 P)0"5(*0 *=

    (1" 5*.%#'/4 P""%#3 C(#&4 5)."- (1#( (1" 0"#+*'

    "&"5(0)5)(/ 6)&&+ 2"0" +* 1)91 2#+ %)&="0#9"4TJU

    21)&" (1" F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 *= d#.0**% +).%&/

    -"')"- (1#( (1"0" 2#+ # %0*6&".4 )'+)+()'9 (1#(

    #&& 2*03"0+ 1#:" IV 1*80+ *= "&"5(0)5)(/ # -#/4 #'-

    #0" 6)&&"- )'-):)-8#&&/ (10*891 ."("0+ +8%%&)"-6/ (1" +(#(" "&"5(0)5)(/ 6*#0-7TJe

    .0

    )'5&8-)'9 =*0 1"#&(1 5#0" #'- +86+)-)H"- =**- S

    #0" -"')"- (* (1" 18+6#'-+ *= 2*."' 2*03"0+4

    (1" 0"()0"- %#0"'(+ *= .#&" #'- =".#&" 2*03"0+4

    .*+( 51)&-0"' *:"0 (1" #9" *= +)N4 #'- .*+( *0 #&&

    (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+7

    !"#$"% '()*%(+(#,-(.#

    L*0 \J /"#0+4 (1" ABC 1#+ 1#- # 5&"#0 '*';

    2#+ "N%&)5)(&/ )'+"0("- )' (1" #5( )' T[OJ7 !1"

    #5( 2#+ =80(1"0 #."'-"- )' IJTJ (* "'+80" (1#(

    -"%"'-"'( %#0"'(+ 2*8&- #&+* 6" )'5&8-"- )' (1"

    2"0" (1" %#0"'(+ *= # .#&" *0 =".#&" 2*03"07TJ[

    d":"0(1"&"++4 CAAB %'(#()*'+ +/+(".#()5#&&/

    TJV

    TJ\ X#(1)38&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TY4 IJTI7

    TJO d#1*0#') !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ II4 IJTY7

    TJU _""()'9 2)(1 (1" ,LM #'- P""%#3 C(#&4 d"2P"&1)4 j#'8#0/ V4 IJTI7

    TJe ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#.

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    47/110

    *6 21"' 1" 6"5#."

    (** +)53 (* 2*03 =*8'- (1#( (1" 5*+( *= 1)+

    ."-)5#& 5#0" 2#+ '*2 6")'9 -"-85("- =0*.

    1"0 %#/4 )' )'50"."'(+ *=!TJJ %"0 =*0(')91(7

    c:"0 (1" %0":)*8+ (2* /"#0+4 +1" 1#- #&0"#-/

    %#)- 1"0 ".%&*/"0 *:"0 !\JJJ7TTT

    TJ[ A'(#()*'+ B#6*80 DC."'-."'(E C5(4 _#/ Te4 IJTJ7

    TTJ P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    48/110

    C( R#3#>#'4 # 2*.#' 21*+" 18+6#'- -)"- #(

    (1" CAAB 0"="00#& 1*+%)(#& #( M1862# #=("0

    +809"0/ 2#+ (*&- (1#( +1" *2"- (1" 5*.%#'/

    .*0" (1#' !IJ4JJJ =*0 1)+ 5#0"7 X" 1#- ":"'

    6""' # %"0.#'"'( 2*03"04 68( 1)+ 2)-*2

    #&&"9"- (1#( CAAB 1#- =*05"- 1). (* 9):" 8%

    1)+ >*6 21"' 1" +(#0("- 9"(()'9 +)537TTI

    !1" 0"+"#051 ("#. 1"#0- .#'/ +851 +(*0)"+4

    21"0" ."' 9#:" 8% (1")0 %"0.#'"'( %*+)()*'+

    *:"0 (1")0 >*6 2#+ '*2 6")'9 1"&- 0"+%*'+)6&"

    =*0 (1" %#/."'( *= +86+(#'()#& ."-)5#& 6)&&+7

    c&-"0 2*03"0+ -"+50)6" (1" 5800"'( -"')#& *=

    2*.#' 2*03"0 #( X#(()9*0 6"&)":"- (1#( (1"

    51#'9" 1#- (#3"' %" %"01#%+ TJ *0 TI /"#0+#9*4TTY 68( *(1"0+ ."0"&/ +#)- (1#( (1"/ 2"0"

    #6&" (* 0".".6"0 # ()." 21"' (1" 5*.%#'/ 1#-

    5*:"0"- (1")0 18+6#'-+G 5#0"4 2)(1*8( 6")'9 #6&"

    (* +%"5)=/ 5&"#0&/ 21"' (1#( .)91( 1#:" 6""'7

    K1"' #+3"- #6*8( (1)+ )++8"4 .#'#9"."'(

    %0#5()5"4 &*5#& (0#-)()*' *0 # -"#& 2)(1 (1" 8')*'+7

    !1" F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 *= #' )')()#&&/ 5)."-

    *= %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+7TTV *6 21"' 1"

    6"5#." (** +)53 (* 2*034 =*8'- (1#( (1"

    1"#&(1 5#0" (1#( 2#+ +* 50)()5#&&/ ).%*0(#'(

    =*0 1"0 18+6#'- S #+ # 0"+8&( *= (1" (0#'+="07

    TTI R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

    TTY X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    TTV ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 C.*+ j#."+ A#0)#(4 F"'"0#& _#'#9"04 #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 C%0)& Te4 IJTI7

    TT\ TTO ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#. #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    49/110

    8&) #'- X#(()9*0 S

    2*03"0+ +%*'(#'"*8+&/ 0#)+"- (1" )++8" *= (1"

    TIU

    K)(1 0"+%"5( (* (1)+ )++8" #+ 2"&&4 +":"0#& 2*03"0+

    2*03"0 #( d*2"0# d8--/ 21* )+ '*2 0"+%*'+)6&"

    =*0 (1" ."-)5#& "N%"'+"+ *= (2* 0"()0"- %#0"'(+7

    TIe

    ,( #&+* #%%"#0+ (1#( *&-"0 51)&-0"' 1#:" 6""'

    K*03"0+ 0"%*0("- (1#( (1" 5*.%#'/ 1#-

    (1" "&)9)6)&)(/ *= 51)&-0"' #( #9" +)N4TI[(1*891 (1"

    )+ 5&"#0 (1#( 51)&-0"' #0" 5*:"0"- (* (1" #9" *=

    Te7TYJ`:"' "+(#(" .#'#9"0+4 -*5(*0+ #'- 2"&=#0"

    2)(1*8( 1"+)(#()*' (1#( 5*:"0#9" 2#+ #:#)&"

    =*0 51)&-0"'4 68( *'&/ 8% (* (1" #9" *= O7TYT

    !".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+ #&+* 0"%*0("- -"')#&+ *=

    (1" ABC7 !1" -*"+ '*( -)+()'98)+1 6"(2""'

    (".%*0#0/ #'- %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+ 2)(1

    0"+%"5( (* ."-)5#& =#5)&)()"+4 68( 2)-"+%0"#- #'-

    5*'+)+("'( +(#("."'(+ 6/ 2*03"0+ )'-)5#(" (1#(

    (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+ #0" "N5&8-"- =0*. 5*:"0#9"7

    j8+( #+ )' (1" 5#+" *= %#0"'(+ #'- 18+6#'-+4

    2*03"0 (* +"0:" #+ 98#0#'(*0 )= (1"/ +""3 5#0"

    #( (1" "+(#(" 5&)')54 #'- (1" 5*+( 2)&& 6" -"-85("-

    =0*. (1#( %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+G %#/7

    TIT @47

    TII X#(1)38&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TY4 IJTI7

    TIY P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 C%0)& T\4 IJTI7

    TIV d#.0**% !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ e4 IJTI7

    TI\ !1" *6&)9#()*' 2#+ "N("'-"- )' IJTJ (* #%%&/ (* 6*(14 DABC Q"5()*' I D""E #+ #."'-"- )' IJTJ7E

    TIO 8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    TIe d*2"0# d8--/ !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    50/110

    !?;1:! T?KUG,?T

    !1"0" )+ # +"0)*8+ #'- 2)-"&/ #53'*2&"-9"-%0*6&". 2)(1 ."-)5#& 5#0" *' (1" CAAB

    %'(#()*'+7 K*03"0+ 5*.%)' #6*8( (1"

    #6+"'5" *= -*5(*0+4 (1" %**0 @8#&)(/ *= 5#0"4 (1"

    8'"N%"5("- 5*+(+4 #'- (1" 680-"'+ (1#( #0" %"-

    *' (1". 21"' (1"/ #0" +)537 _#'/ )'5)-"'(+ *=

    .#++ 2*03"0 %0*("+(+ *' CAAB %'(#()*'+ #0"

    0"%*0("- (* 1#:" 6""' (0)99"0"- 6/ (1" 90*++

    .)+.#'#9"."'( *= ."-)5#& +"0:)5"+4 *0 5#&&*8+

    #'- #68+):" (0"#(."'( 6/ -*5(*0+7

    !1" +8+(#)'"- 5 *= -*5(*0+ )+ # 2)-"+%0"#-

    *= 2*03"0+ #( W8'9#.8(("" 0"%*0("- )' IJTJ7TYI

    "5(80"- (1#(

    %'(#()*'7TYU

    =0*. (1" ,'-)#' M*8'5)& *= _"-)5#& W"+"#051 %8(

    )( )' # :"0/ -)=="0"'( 5*'("N(4 #'- )'+)+("- (1#( )(

    2#+ +).%&/ # .#(("0 *= 5*.%"'+#()*'7 !1" %#/

    *=="0"- (* %'(#()*' -*5(*0+ 2#+ +* %**04 (1"

    5*.%#')"+ &)3" CAAB =*8'- (1".+"&:"+ 8'#6&"

    (* #((0#5( *0 3""% 9"'8)'" ."-)5#& %0*="++)*'#&+7,' =#5(4 (1" -*5(*0+ 1)0"- 6/ %'(#()*'+ *=("' -*

    '*( 1#:" %*+(;90#-8#(" -"90""+ #( #&&4 #55*0-)'9

    TYI W8'9#.8(("" !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    51/110

    *0

    5*.%)'( 0"("- (* (1" ).%"-)."'(+ (1#(

    3""% 2*03"0+ =0*. #55"++)'9 (1" +(#(8(*0/

    )'("0"+("- )' -*)'9 21#(G+ 6"+( =*0 (1" 5*.%#'/4

    '*( 21#(G+ 6"+( =*0 8+7 X" %0"++80"+ 8+ (* 9*

    #( X#(()9*07TVO

    #0" >8+( %8+1"- *8( *= (1" 1*+%)(#& #'- (*&- (*

    TVU

    c'" *= (1" .*+( *'"0*8+ ).%"-)."'(+ )+

    (1" 0"@8)0"."'( (1#( %#()"'(+ .8+( %0"+"'(

    (1".+"&:"+ #( (1" 5&)')5 (2*4 *0 ":"' (10""4 ()."+

    # -#/ )' *0-"0 (* #55"++ (1" +)53 &"#:" (* 21)51

    (1"/ #0" "'()(&"- 6/ ,' .*+( 5#+"+4 2*03"0+

    +#)- (1"/ 1#- (* #%%"#0 (10"" ()."+ # -#/ S )'

    (1" .*0')'94 (1" "#0&/ #=("0'**'4 #'- #( (1" "'-

    *= (1" 2*03 -#/ S )' *0-"0 (* 6" #%%0*:"- =*0

    +)53 &"#:"7 _#'#9"."'( +8%%*0(+ (1" %0#5()5"7

    (1"+" ."#+80"+ 2"0" '"5"++#0/4 )' *0-"0 (*

    TVe

    _#'/ 2*03"0+ -"+50)6"- (1" 0"%*0()'9 08&"

    3)&*."("0+ (* (1" 5&)')5 #'- 6#53 #9#)' (10""

    _#>8&)7TV[ C( &"#+( *'" "+(#("4 P#. P).4 9*"+

    ":"' =80(1"04 #55*0-)'9 (* 2*03"0+4 #'- 0"@8)0"+

    (1#( (1*+" 21* #0" +)53 6" #-.)(("- (* (1"

    TYe ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 P07 j#9-)+1 _#1#'(#4 ,'-)#' M*8'5)& *= _"-)5#& W"+"#0514 C%0)& TU4 IJTITY[ ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 5&)')5 -*5(*04 #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 C%0)& Te4 IJTI7

    TVJ ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#. 8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    TVe ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#.

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    52/110

    1LKY8K >KL"8H"H :V:

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    53/110

    B#$")(3G @+)("+-)*#+-1

    b+*#+ #5 A##42#"0("3

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    54/110

    :1-+)-)*#+ "(3*4(+)3 4(36"*=( )/( ="$)-1 "(%"(33*#+ #5 2#"0("

    %"#)(3) -) L#"/-) (3)-)( 2/("( 3(6$"*)G 5#"6(3 3$''#+(4 =G

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    55/110

    1) *' P"5".6"0 I[4 IJTI7

    _#>1) 1#- 6""' -"')"- +)53 &"#:" =*0 # 0"5800"'(

    ."-)5#& 5*'-)()*'4 #'- 2#+ =*05"- (* 0"(80'

    (* 2*034 21"0" +1" 5*&%+"- #'- -)"- +**'

    #=("02#0-7T\Y

    ,( )+ ).%*++)6&" (* -)+58++ %'(#()*' 1"#&(1 5#0"

    2)(1*8( #53'*2&"-9)'9 (1" 1)91 -)+"#+" 680-"'

    #'- =0#9)&" 1"#&(1 *= %'(#()*' 2*03"0+4 *:"0#&&

    T\V !1"-#(# 9#(1"0"- =0*. "+(#(" 5&)')5+G *2' 1"#&(1

    =*0 2*03"0+ +""3)'9 (0"#(."'( #0" 2#("06*0'"

    -)+"#+"+ +851 #+ -/+"'("0/4 #'".)#4 )'>80)"+

    =0*. +(0"'8*8+ %1/+)5#& *04 .#&'8(0)()*'4

    (86"058&*+)+ #'-4 )' (1" .*'+**'4 .#)#7T\\

    C 0":)"2 *= (1" -"#(1 &*9+ #( #'4 5*'-85("-

    )' (1" 5*80+" *= # .#'#9"."'(;*09#')H"- :)+)( (*

    (1" "+(#("4 0":"#&"- (1#( # +86+(#'()#& %"05"'(#9"

    *= (1" -"#(1+ 2"0" (1" 0"+8&( *= 0"+%)0#(*0/ (0#5(

    )'="5()*'+a 21"' #+3"- #6*8( (1"+"4 (1" 1"#- *=

    (1" 5&)')5 "N%)'"- (1#( (1"+" 2"0" "++"'()#&&/

    T\O C( X#(1)38&)421"0" 5&)')5 +(#== 2"0" #&+* )'("0:)"2"- )' (1"

    5*'("N( *= # :)+)( *09#')H"- 6/ CAAB .#'#9"."'(4(1"/ #((0)68("- (1" 1)91 &":"& *= -"#(1+ 0"+8&()'9

    =0*. 0"+%)0#(*0/ (0#5( )'="5()*'+ (* .#&'8(0)()*'4

    8'1"#&(1/ &):)'9 5*'-)()*'+4 #'- #'".)#7T\U`&)#+

    (1#( 1)91;&":"& .#'#9"0+ #5():"&/ 809"- 1). (*

    5*'5"#& (1" 8'-"0&/)'9 5#8+" *= -"#(1+ )' (1"

    *0 &)'"+ 6"1)'- +).) "8%1".)+.+4 -80)'9

    (1" %"0)*- *= 1)+ ".%&*/."'(7 L*0 "N#.%&"4 1"

    T\e

    !

    !

    K*03 *' ("# %'(#()*'+ )+ 51#0#5("0)H"- 6/

    # -"90"" *= )'+"580)(/ 8'%#0#&&"&"- )' ,'-)#G+

    =*0.#& +"5(*0? 2*03"0+ #0" %#)- *'&/ =*0 (1" -#/+

    (1"/ 2*03 #'- 2#9"+ -* '*( )'5&8-" # %#)- -#/

    *==7 ,' #--)()*'4 #+ -)+58++"- #6*:"4 (1"0" )+ '*

    .)').8. 2#9" =*0 ("# 2*03"0+ )' C++#. #'-

    T\J P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    56/110

    K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    57/110

    #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI IJTIa d*2"0# d8--/ !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    58/110

    FL1 1:V8H6 J

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    59/110

    S+$),*:2)0H 8%8?/)*+, )+ 7(H -+$&2($%& *, @##=3 5+%$/*+, (,88%/%7)*+, C%$% C*8%&7$%(8 *, )2%

    /(67(*:, )+ &%00 &2($%& )+ C+$L%$&3

    #DD^B/WB

    R%8?/)*+, -+$ #$+'*8%,) S?,8[ ( &)()?)+$H &/2%6% )2()7$+'*8%& ( +,%W)*6% 7(H+?) )+ C+$L%$& +, $%)*$%6%,)3

    #CAZ/DC^A/AD

    R%8?/)*+, -+$ %0%/)$*/*)H3+)2 +- C2*/2&2+?08[ >H 0(C[ >% 7(*8 -+$ >H )2% /+67(,H3

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    60/110

    C( R#3#>#'4 (2* 2*03"0+ +#)- (1"/ 1#- 6""'

    %08')'9 =0*. OC_ (* I?YJA_ (1#( -#/4 =*0 #

    +)'9&" 2#9"7TO\

    C( X#(()9*04 # 2*03"04 ".%&*/"- #( (1" "+(#("

    =*0 *:"0 IJ /"#0+4 5*.%)'"- (1#( (1" (#+3

    0#(" 2#+ (10"" ()."+ 21#( )( 8+"- (* 6"4 #'-

    '*("- (1#( ":"' 2)(1 #' #++)+(#'(4 6*(1 1#-

    (* 2*03 =*0 ')'" 1*80+ (* 5*.%&"(" )(7TOO

    C+ # 2*03"0 #( R#3#>#' #0()58("- (1" 5*.%#'/G+

    TOU

    X*2":"04 CAAB .#'#9"0+ +).%&/ -"'/ (1#( (1"0"

    #0" #'/ )'+(#'5"+ *= %#/ -"-85()*'+ =*0 =#)&80" (*

    .""( (1" (#09"(4 *0 *= 2*03"0+ 1#:)'9 (* +1#0"

    # (#+3 #'- # 2#9"7 C( d#.0**%4 (1" F"'"0#&_#'#9"0 )'+)+("- (1#( '* 2*03"0 2#+ %"0.)(("-

    2#+ (1#( 1" *0 +1" 5*8&- '*( 5*.%&"(" (1" (#+3

    0#("4 (1"' (1" (#+3 0#(" 2*8&- 6" 0"-85"-4 #(

    (1" -)+50"()*' *= (1" +8%"0:)+*07TOe !1" F"'"0#&

    _#'#9"0 *= #' #&+* +(#("- 5#("9*0)5#&&/ (1#(

    '* 1"&%"0+ 2"0" #&&*2"-4 #+ # .#(("0 *= 5*.%#'/

    %*&)5/4 #'- #&+* )'-)5#("- (1#( (1" (#+3 0#("+

    =*0 %08')'9 #'- 98(("0;5&"#0)'9 #0" 0*8()'"&/

    #->8+("- =*0 #'/ 2*03"0 8'#6&" (* .""( (1".7TO[

    !1" )'50"#+)'9 0"&)#'5" *' (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+

    L*0 ("# %'(#()*'+4 (1" 51)"= "5*'*.)5 )'5"'():"

    (* 8+" (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+ )+ (1#( (1"/ #0" '*(

    5#0"7 DK1)&" (1" A'(#()*'+ B#6*80 C5( -*"+ '*(

    5*'(".%(" # -)+()'5()*' 6"(2""' %"0.#'"'(

    (".%*0#0/ 2*03"0+ )+ 2"&& "+(#6&)+1"- #'-

    #%%#0"'(&/ 8'):"0+#&4 #( &"#+( )' K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    61/110

    8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    62/110

    *'&/ (1*+" 21* .)N (1" (*N)5 51".)5#&+ #0" 9):"'

    .#+3+ #'- 9&*:"+a +%0#/"0+ 0"5"):" '*(1)'94

    8'&"++ (1"/ 68/ (1")0 *2' "@8)%."'(7

    C50*++ (1" CAAB "+(#("+4 +%0#/ 2*03"0+ 21* -*

    0"5"):" 9*99&"+ (* %0*("5( (1")0 "/"+ 1"#% +5*0'

    *' (1")0 @8#&)(/ #'- "=="5():"'"++?

    C( C51#6#.4 *'" +%0#/ 2*03"0 (*&- 8+ (1#(

    1" -)- '*( 8+" (1" 9*99&"+4 +)'5" (1"/ 2"0"

    *= +851 &*2 @8#&)(/ (1#( )( 2#+ ).%*++)6&" (*

    +"" (10*891 (1" &"'+"+7TU[

    C( d*2"0# d8--/4 *'" +%0#/ 2*03"0

    TeJ

    C( W8'9#.8((""4 (1"/ 2"0" -"+50)6"- #+

    TeT

    C( X#(()9*04 # 2*03"0 +#)- (1"/ 2"0" *= +851

    TeI

    !1" %0*:)+)*' *= 9"#0 :#0)"- #50*++ (1"

    %'(#()*'+?

    C( W8'9#.8((""4 # 90*8% *= (10"" +%0#/

    2*03"0+ )'("0:)"2"- (*9"(1"0 +#)- (1#(

    (1"/ 0"5"):"- # 5&*(1 1#(4 5&*(1 +1*"+4 #'-

    # 5&*(1 .#+3 21"' (1"/ 6"9#' +%0#/)'94 68('*(1)'9 "&+"7TeY

    C( X#(()9*04 (2* +%0#/ 2*03"0+ )'=*0."- 8+

    (1#( (1"/ 0"5"):"- %+()5 +1*"+ (1#( 9* 8% (*

    (1" #'3&"4 68( '*(1)'9 "&+"7TeV

    C 90*8% *= (10"" +%0#/ 2*03"0+ )'("0:)"2"-

    (*9"(1"0 #( R#3#>#' +#)- (1#( (1"/ 1#-

    0"5"):"- '*(1)'9 (10*891*8( (1" /"#0+

    (1#( (1"/ 1#- 6""' +%0#/)'94 "N5"%( =*0 #

    (#0%#8&)' +1""( (* 20#% #0*8'- (1" 2#)+(7Te\

    d* +%0#/ 2*03"0 2" +%*3" (*4 #( #'/ CAAB

    "+(#("4 1#- ":"0 0"5"):"- 9&*:"+4 "N5"%( =*0

    (1*+" .)N)'9 %"+()5)-"+7 C +%0#/ 2*03"0 #(

    TeO

    K*03"0+ #0" 2"&& #2#0" *= 21#( "@8)%."'( (1"/

    +1*8&- 0"5"):"4 6"5#8+" (1"/ #0" 9):"' =8&& 9"#04

    )'5&8-)'9 # 51#'9" *= 5&*(1"+4 21"' #8-)(*0+

    #00):"4 #55*0-)'9 (* )'("0:)"2+ #( ":"0/ "+(#("

    :)+)("-7 C( R#3#>#' #'- #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ I\4 IJTY7

    TeO _#>8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    ?/*3 3*,+< +(-" )/( Q$+,-'$))(( (3)-)( 5-6)#"G< 3()3 5#")/

    *11*)("-)( -+4 #5 2/#' 5(2< *5 -+G< $+4("3)-+4 U+,1*3/7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    63/110

    #')' j#'8#0/ IJTY7 c'" 5800"'( +%0#/ 2*03"0 +#)-?

    Tee K*03"0+

    9"'"0#&&/ "N%0"++"- #%%0"1"'+)*' #6*8(

    5*'+"@8"'5"+ S )' (1" =*0. *= 0"(#&)#()*' S )=

    (1"/ 0"@8"+("- 0"98 #55"++ (* (1" "@8)%."'(7

    ,'-""-4 (1" *'" =*0."0 +%0#/ 2*03"0 2"

    )'("0:)"2"- 21* -)- -"+50)6" 1#:)'9 #+3"- =*0

    %0*("5():" 9"#0 S # +%0#/)'9 5*#( #'- .#+3 S

    )'=*0."- 8+ (1#( 1" 1#- 6""' %8')+1"- 2)(1 #

    +)N;2""3 +8+%"'+)*' =0*. 2*03 ).."-)#("&/

    #=("0 .#3)'9 (1" 0"@8"+(7Te[

    %0*("5():" 9"#0 -"%"'-+ *' (1" 1#H#0-+ *= (1"

    51".)5#&+ )' 8+"7 M1".)5#&;0"+)+(#'( 6**(+4

    5*:"0#&&+4 9&*:"+4 1**- #'- 0"+%)0#(*0 #0" '*(

    0"@8)0"- 8'-"0 #&& 5)058.+(#'5"+4 68( +*." 6#+)5%0*("5()*'+4 )'5&8-)'9 9*99&"+4 .#+34 5*#(4 9&*:"+4

    "( 5"("0#4 2*8&- 6" 0"@8)0"- ":"' =*0 (1*+"

    +%0#/)'9 .)'*0 )00)(#'(+7 X*2":"04 )'("0:)"2+

    5*'-85("- 2)(1 2*03"0+4 #+ 2"&& #+ # 0":)"2 *=

    # +%0#/)'9 >*80'#& .#)'(#)'"- 6/ # +86;+(#==

    .".6"0 #( *'" *= (1" "+(#("+4 )'-)5#(" 0"98 8+"

    *= 51".)5#&+ 5#("9*0)H"- #+ M++ ,, D.*-"0#("&/

    1#H#0-*8+E 6/ (1" K*0&- X"#&(1 c09#')H#()*'7T[J

    K*03"0+ 5). (1#( *'" %#0()58&/ -#'9"0*8+

    51".)5#&4 "'-*+8&=#'4 21)51 1#+ 6""' +86>"5(

    (* # 9&*6#& 6#'4 1#- 6""' )' 0"5"'( 8+"7 C( P#.

    P).4 # 2*03"0 21* 1#- 6""' +%0#/)'9 =*0 *:"0

    TJ /"#0+ (*&- 8+ 5#("9*0)5#&&/ (1#( "'-*+8&=#'

    TeU R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTIa

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    64/110

    )'+"5(4 #'- 21"' (1"/ +"" )(4 (1"/ ("&& 8+ (*

    T[T X" =80(1"0 +(#("- (1#( +%0#/ 2*03"0+

    8+)'9 "'-*+8&=#' -* '*( 0"5"):" #'/ %0*("5():"

    "@8)%."'(4 *0 (0#)')'9 )' %0"5#8()*'#0/

    ."#+80"+7 C( d#1*0#')4 # 2*03"0 )' # %*+)()*'

    (* +"" 5*'(#)'"0+ =*0 %"+()5)-"+ :*&8'(""0"-

    (1#( "'-*+8&=#' 2#+ 6")'9 8+"- (1"0"4 (**7T[I

    C( R#3#>#'4 # 2*03"0 )':*&:"- )' (0#'+%*0()'9

    "'-*+8&=#' 5*'(#)'"0+7T[Y,' 6*(1 *= (1"+" 5#+"+4

    (1"0" 2"0" '* +%"5)#& %0*("5():" ."#+80"+ (#3"'

    )' 5*'>8'5()*' 2)(1 (1" 8+" *= (1" 51".)5#&7

    c' (1" +86>"5( *= %0*("5():" 9"#0 =*0 +%0#/"0+4

    .#'#9"."'( )+ 5#("9*0)5#&? (1"/ -"'/ #'/

    %0*6&". #'- )'+)+( (1#( (1"0" )+ 0)9*0*8+ #'-

    5*'+)+("'( ).%&"."'(#()*' *= +(0)5( +(#'-#0-+7_#'#9)'9 P)0"5(*0 P""%#3 C(#& -"+50)6"- #'

    "N("'+):" *558%#()*'#& 1"#&(1 #'- +#="(/ #8-)(

    *= .#'#9"."'( +/+(".+4 5*'-85("- 6/ ]"0-"

    ]"'(80"+4 # 5*'+8&()'9 90*8% 6#+"- )' ,'-)#4 *:"0

    IJTT #'- IJTI4 (* "'+80" &*'9;("0. 5*.%&)#'5"

    2)(1 +%0#/"0 +#="(/ ."#+80"+7T[VX" )'+)+("- (1#(

    (1" *558%#()*'#& 1"#&(1 #'- +#="(/ 0":)"2 2#+

    0*8()'"4 0#(1"0 (1#' 1#:)'9 6""' (0)99"0"- 6/ (1"

    )+ # +(#03 -)+5*''"5( 6"(2""' .#'#9"."'(

    5).+ #'- (1" 0"+"#051"0+G *2' "N%"0)"'5"S &"( #&*'" 2*03"0+G #55*8'(+ S *= ."#+80"+ (*

    %0*("5( +%0#/ 2*03"0+?

    L*&&*2)'9 (1" -"#(1 *= # +%0#/ 2*03"0 #( (1"

    A*2#) "+(#("4 )' IJTJ4 X#0-""% Q)'914 (1"'

    (1" _#'#9)'9 P)0"5(*0 *= CAAB4 -"')"- (1#(

    (1" 2*03"0 5*8&- 1#:" -)"- =0*. "N%*+80" (*

    1#H#0-*8+ %"+()5)-"+7 X" (*&- (1" 0"+"#051"0+

    (1#( +%0#/ 2*03"0+ #0" +).%&/ '*( #&&*2"- (*

    6"9)' (1" -#/G+ 2*03 8'&"++ (1"/ #0" )' =8&&

    %0*("5():" 9"#07T[\X" -)+.)++"- # %1*(*90#%1

    *= +%0#/ 2*03"0+ 2)(1*8( 9"#0 (1#( 1#- 6""'

    (#3"' 6/ *'" *= (1" 0"+"#051"0+4 # =8&& .*'(1

    #=("0 (1" -"#(17T[O

    C( #'4 (1" F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 )'+)+("- (1#(

    #&& +%0#/"0+ 0"5"):" # =8&& +"( *= %0*("5():"

    9"#0 #( (1" 6"9)'')'9 *= ":"0/ 2*03 -#/4

    21)51 (1"/ .8+( %8( *' 8'-"0 +8%"0:)+)*'

    6"=*0" (1"/ 5#' 6"9)' +%0#/)'97 !1"

    "@8)%."'( )+ 5*&&"5("- =0*. (1". #( (1"

    "'- *= (1" -#/4 (* "'+80" (1#( )( )+ 5&"#'"-

    %#+( (1" 2)'-*2 6"1)'- 1).4 2"#0)'9 *'&/

    !;+1)0(+ #'- +1*0(+4 2)(1 =8&& +%0#/ (#'3+

    +(0#%%"- (* (1")0 6#53+7T[U

    _#'#9"0+4 #( .8&()%&" &":"&+4 5). (1#( +%0#/

    2*03"0+ 8'-"09* =8&& ."-)5#& 51"538%+4 ":"0/

    (10"" .*'(1+4 (* "'+80" (1#( (1")0 1"#&(1 1#+ '*(

    6""' #=="5("- 6/ "N%*+80" (* %"+()5)-"+7 K)(1

    +899"+(+ (1" #6+"'5" *= # 5&"#04 5*'+)+("'( %*&)5/

    #50*++ (1" "+(#("+?

    Q%0#/ 2*03"0+ #( d*2"0# d8--/

    #53'*2&"-9"- 0"5"):)'9 6&**- ("+(+ ":"0/

    /"#04T[e #'- (1*+" #( P#. P). +#)- 6&**-

    ("+(+ (**3 %" ":"0/ (10"" *0 =*80 .*'(1+4

    #&*'9 2)(1 # 51"538% *= 2")91( #'- 6&**-

    %0"++80"7T[[ ,' '")(1"0 5#+"4 #55*0-)'9 (*

    2*03"0+4 1#- (1"/ 0"5"):"- #'/ )'=*0.#()*'

    0"9#0-)'9 (1" 0"+8&(+ *= (1" ("+(+7

    C( d#1*0#')4 # 2*03"0 21* 1#- 6""'

    ("' /"#0+ 5)."- (1#( 1" 1#- '":"0 1#- #'/

    ."-)5#& 51"538%7IJJ

    T[T P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    65/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    66/110

    ":"0/ TJ %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+4 )' (1" &*2 +"#+*' S

    #55*0-)'9 (* (1" )'-"%"'-"'( (0#-" 8')*' #( (1"

    "+(#("7IJeDC( d*2"0# d8--/4 #'- #&& *(1"0 CAAB

    "+(#("+ 21"0" 2" 5*'-85("- )'("0:)"2+4 (1"

    %&853)'9 *= &"#= (#3"+ %"7E C( P#. P).4 # 90*8%

    (1"0" #0" 5800"'(&/ T4[\V %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+

    #( (1" "+(#("4 #'- #6*8( #+ .#'/ (".%*0#0/

    2*03"0+ *' # /"#0;0*8'- 6#+)+7 c'" 2*03"0 )' (1"

    90*8% +#)- (1#( (1"0" 2"0" ":"' .*0" (".%*0#0/

    2*03"0+ 8'()& #6*8( (2* /"#0+ #9*4 21"' .#'/

    *= (1". +(*%%"- (0/)'9 (* +""3 2*03 #( (1" "+(#("

    #'- .)90#("- (* '"#06/ 5)()"+7IJ[

    _#'#9"0+ #( CAAB #&+* #90"" (1#( 2*03"0+ #0"

    6"(("0 %#/)'9 2*03 "&+"21"0"7 !1" F"'"0#&

    _#'#9"0 *= d#.0**% )'-)5#("- (1#( /*8'9

    %"*%&"4 #'- ."' *= #&& #9"+4 2"0" &"#:)'9 (1"

    %'(#()*' (* +""3 ".%&*/."'( )' d"2 P"&1)

    #'- *(1"0 " 5)()"+4 #+ 2"&& #+ #( 5*'+(085()*'

    %0*>"5(+ 5&*+"0 6/7ITJ L0*. (1" .#'#9"."'(

    %"0+%"5():"4 (1" .#)' %0*6&".+ (1#( "'+8"-

    2"0" (1" 5 *= .#&" 2*03"0+ =*0 1#0- *04

    #+ (1" d#.0**% F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 "N%)'"-4 *0

    #6+"'("")+.4 21"0" 2*03"0+ +).%&/ -* '*( +1*2

    8% )= (1"0" #0" 6"(("0 %#/)'9 *%%*0(8')()"+ =*0

    -#/ *0 )' (1" :)5)')(/4 #+ # P):)+)*'#& _#'#9"0

    #( R#3#>#' "N%)'"-7ITT

    C55*0-)'9 (* 2*03"0+4 1*2":"04 (1"0" 1#+ 6""'

    (* .)90#()*' #'- #6+"'("")+.7 c'" 2*03"0

    &"#:)'94 .#'#9"."'( 0"=8+"+ (* 50"#(" '"2

    ITI,' =#5(4

    #55*0-)'9 (* 2*03"0+ #( +":"0#& "+(#("+4 CAAB )+

    #5():"&/ #-:#'5)'9 (1" %0*5"++ *= 5#+8#&)H#()*'4

    '*( 6/ ("0.)'#()'9 "N)+()'9 %"0.#'"'( 2*03"0+4

    68( 6/ 0"=8+)'9 (* 0"%" (1*+" 21* 0"()0"7 C(

    d#1*038()#4 # 2*03"0 5)."- (1#( (1" (*(#&

    '8.6"0 *= %"0.#'"'( >*6+ 1#- 6""' 0"-85"-

    6/ #&.*+( YJJ4 #+ "N)+()'9 2*03"0+ 0"()0"-4 68(

    2"0" '*( 0"%"-7ITYC(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    67/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    68/110

    *'" %'(#()*'4 2" 2"0" ":"' (*&- (1#(

    %#()"'(+ 2"0" 0".*:"- =0*. (1" 1*+%)(#& )'

    %0"%#0#()*' =*0 #' #8-)(7IIY

    C( P#. P).4 2*03"0+ 2"0" )'+(085("- '*( (*

    +%"#3 (* (1" #8-)(*0+7

    IIV

    `N(0# +"580)(/ 98#0-+ 2"0" #&+* #++)9'"-

    2*03"0 #( X#(()9*07II\`N(0# ."-)5#& +(#== #0"

    #55*0-)'9 (* #'*(1"0 2*03"0 #( X#(()9*07IIO

    .#/ 1#:" *'" %"0+*' (1"0" 0"98&/4 68( *'

    #8-)( -#/+ (1"0" 2)&& 6" (10""a (1"/ 2)&& 1#:"

    IIU

    Q*." +%0#/"0+ 0"%*0("- 6")'9 %0*:)-"- 2)(1

    %"0+*'#& %0*("5():" "@8)%."'( *' (1" -#/ *=

    (1" #8-)(4 (1*891 (1)+ 2#+ )':#0)#6&/ (#3"'

    #2#/ *0 6"5#." 8+"&"++ #=("0 # -#/ *0 (2*7IIe

    C55*0-)'9 (* (1" 2*03"0+4 (1" #8-)(*0+ #0"

    5*'+(#'(&/ #55*.%#')"- 6/ .#'#9"."'( #'-

    '":"0 :)+)( (1" *0 &)'"+?

    C( ":"0/ %'(#()*'4 (1" 0"+"#051 ("#. 1"#0-

    +*." :#0)#()*' *= (1)+ +(#("."'( 6/ # 2*03"0

    (1" 1*+%)(#&4 .#/6" (* (1" =#5(*0/7 8&) !"#

    `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    IIY X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    IIV P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    69/110

    8&) #'- X#(()9*0 "+(#("+ 1#:"

    5*." =*02#0- 2)(1 #&&"9#()*'+ (1#( (1"/ #0"

    =#5)'9 1#0#++."'( =0*. .#'#9"."'( =*0 1#:)'9

    +1#0"- )'=*0.#()*' #6*8( 2*03)'9 #'- &):)'9

    5*'-)()*'+ 2)(1 +":"0#& &*5#& dFc+ #'- 518051

    90*8%+7 K" 1#:" 6""' )'=*0."- (1#(4 )' #--)()*'

    (* )'("00*9#()'9 2*03"0+ #'- (10"#("')'9 (1".4

    .#'#9"."'( 1#+ =*05"=8&&/ 0")("0#("- (1#(

    0"@8)0" #-:#'5" #%%0*:#& =*0 #'/ .""()'9 2)(1

    2"0" +8..*'"- (* # .""()'9 2)(1 (1" F"'"0#&

    _#'#9"04 2"0" 0"%0).#'-"- 6/ 1).4 #'- .#-"

    (* +)9' -"5#()*'+4 2)(1*8( #'/ "N%'#()*' *=

    21#( (1"/ 2"0" +)9')'97IYU

    IYV C++#. W8&"+4 ABC4 Q"5()*' OJDVEa K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    70/110

    ,' "'5*8'("0+ 2)(1 (1" 0"+"#051 ("#.4

    .#'#9"."'( .#-" &)91( *= (1" &"9#& 0"@8)0"."'(

    (* #&&*2 8').%"-"- #55"++ (* (1" *0 &)'"+7

    ,' +*." 5#+"+4 .#'#9"."'( S )'5&8-)'9 (1"

    _#'#9)'9 P)0"5(*0 P""%#3 C(#& S -"')"- (1#( (1"

    2#+ #%%&)5#6&"4 )'+)+()'9 (1#( )( 2#+ (08.%"-

    6/ CAABG+ %0):#(" %0*%"0(/ 0)91(+7IYe ,' *(1"0

    5#+"+4 .#'#9"0+ %#++"- *:"0 (1" #'- )'+)+("-

    (1#( (1")0 *6&)9#()*' (* %0":"'( #9)(#(*0+ #'-

    "'+80" %86&)5 +#="(/ #&&*2"- (1". (* "N"05)+"

    60*#- %*2"0+ (* .*')(*0 #&& #5():)(/ )' (1" *0

    &)'"+7 _#'#9"0+ #&+* .#-" :#98" 0"="0"'5"+ (*

    -#'9"0*8+ ":"'(+ #'- )'580+)*'+ 1#:)'9 (#3"'

    %"4 )' *0-"0 (* +8%%*0( (1" #098."'( (1#( (1"

    5*.%#'/ %*&)5/ 2#+ #5(8#&&/ )'("'-"- (* %0*("5(

    2*03"0+ =0*. *8(+)-"0+7IY[

    _#'#9"."'( 1#+ #%%#0"'(&/ 5*':)'5"- (1"

    ,'("0'#()*'#& L)'#'5" M*0%*0#()*' #'- #8-)()'9

    #9"'5)"+ (1#( )( 2*8&- 6" )'#-:)+#6&" )= '*(

    )&&"9#& (* "'("0 (1" *0 &)'"+ 2)(1*8( #-:#'5"

    '*()5" #'- %"0.)++)*'7 P80)'9 # -)+%8(" *:"0

    5*'-)()*'+ (1#( 1#- &"- (* (1" -"#(1 *= # %"+()5)-"

    #+ # +1#0"1*&-"0 )' (1" K*0&- #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

    IVY X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    IVV d#1*0#') !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ II4 IJTY7

    IV\ X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ Te4 IJTY7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    71/110

    *)' (1" 8')*' *04 =*0 (1#(

    .#(("04 #'/ *(1"0 8')*'7

    K1)&" (1" .*'*%*&/ *= CM_Q 2#+ +1#%"-4 #'-5*'()'8"+ (* 6" 0")'=*05"-4 6/ (1" C++#. +(#("

    9*:"0'."'( #'- (1" M*'90"++ A#0(/ )' %*2"0 )'

    (1" +(#("4 !#(# #'- CAAB #0" -""%&/ 5*.%&)5)( #&+*7

    C+ P)&"+12#0 !#'()4 F"'"0#& Q"50"(#0/ *= CM_Q

    #53'*2&"-9"-4 (1" 8')*'G+ .".6"0+1)% &)+( =*0

    CAAB %'(#()*'+ )' C++#. )+ 5*.%)&"- %80"&/

    *' (1" 6#+)+ *= +86.)++)*'+ =0*. .#'#9"."'(4

    21)51 %"0)*-)5#&&/ +"'-+ (1" 8')*' '#."+ #'-

    -"(#)&+ *= #&& 5800"'( 2*03"0+7IVO !1"0" )+ '*

    &"9#& 6#+)+ )' ,'-)#' *0 8'-"0 )'("0'#()*'#&

    +(#'-#0-+4 =*0 (1)+ %#0()58 :"0+)*' *= #

    P8"+ #0" #8(*.#()5#&&/ -"-85("- =0*. (1" 2#9"+

    *= #&& 2*03"0+4 )' 21#( )+ 0"="00"- (* &*5#&&/ #+

    -8"+ -"-85("- =0*. (1")0 2#9"+7 C55*0-)'9 (*

    2*03"0+4 )' *0-"0 (* *6(#)' -8"+ =0*. (1" "+(

    %*++)6&" '8.6"0 *= 2*03"0+4 -"-85()*'+ #0".#-" *:"0 +)N (* ")91( %#/ %"0)*-+ -80)'9 (1"

    .*'+**'4 21"' #' #0./ *= 5#+8#& #'- +"#+*'#&

    *0 )+ 0"508)("- =*0 %&853)'94

    CAAB .#'#9"0+ (0"#( (1)+ #+ 8'5*'(0*:"0+)#&7

    !1"/ -"'/ (1#( (1"0" )+4 *0 1#+ 6""'4 *%%*+)()*'

    (* (1" 5*.%8&+*0/ %#/."'( *= -8"+ (* CM_Q7 !1"

    F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 *= d#.0**% )'+)+("- (1#( 1"

    1#- '":"0 +""' #'/ *(1"0 8')*'+ )' ("# 6"+)-"+

    CM_Q4 #'- 1#- '":"0 1"#0- *= 2*03"0+ (0/)'9 (*

    5#'5"& (1" -"-85()*'+ =*0 CM_Q -8"+ =0*. (1")0%#/51"53+7IVU !1" F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 *= #'

    *=="0"- (1" ).%0*6#6&" #098."'( (1#( 2*03"0+

    2*8&- 1#:" 5*." (* 1). %"0+*'#&&/ )= (1"/ -)-

    '*( 2#'( (1")0 -8"+ -"-85("-7 d*( +80%0)+)'9&/4

    '* *'" 1#- ":"0 -*'" +*7IVe

    IVO IVU ,'("0:)"2 2)(1 F#8(#.

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    72/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    73/110

    2+&7*)(0[ 2*& /($% C+?08 2('% >%%, %,)*$%0H -$%% ?,8%$

    /(&%[ &*,/% 2% C(& )$%()%8 () )2% :($8%, 2+&7*)(0[ )2%%T7%,&%& ($% >%*,: 8%8?/)%8 -$+6 2%$ 7(H/2%/L34";

    ^+$2() )+08 ?&34"D@06+&) C*)2+?) %T/%7)*+,[ 70(,)()*+,C+$L%$& C+?08 \?(0*-H -+$ :+'%$,6%,) &/2%6%&%,)*)0*,: )2+&% >%0+C )2% 7+'%$)H 0*,% )+ -$%% 2+?&%& +,

    )2%*$ +C, 0(,83 #0(,)()*+, C+$L%$& 2('% ,+ 0%:(0 $*:2))+ 0(,8 )2() *& +, )2% 70(,)()*+, (,8[ *, &+6% /(&%&[2('% %'%, >%%, -$?&)$()%8 *, %--+$)& )+ (&&%$) $*:2)&+'%$ 0(,8 )2() )2%H +C, +?)&*8% )2% 70(,)()*+,3 9+$L%$&() ^+$2() (,8 () )2$%% +)2%$ %&)()%& /0(*6%8 )2() )2%HC%$% ?,(>0% )+ $%:*&)%$ &6(00 70+)& +- 0(,8 )2() )2%*$:$(,87($%,)& 2(8 >+?:2) +?)&*8% )2% 70(,)()*+, C*)2+?)

    )2% 70(,)()*+, 8+%& ,+) +C, )2% 0(,83 @##=[ (,8 %-+$% )2%6[ 2('% /+,&*&)%,)0H $%-?&%8 )+ *&&?% )2%&%

    :+'%$,6%,) &/2%6% +$ %'%, &%00 )2% 0(,834"B

    9+$L%$& 2('% (0&+ &+?:2) M>%0+C 7+'%$)H 0*,%N X^#=Z7+C%$ /+,,%/)*+,& )2$+?:2 )2% &)()% %0%/)$*/*)H >+($8-+$ )2%*$ 2+6%& C*)2*, )2% 0(>+$ 0*,%&[ )+ $%70(/% )2%%T7%,&*'% (,8 *,)%$6*))%,) &?770H 7$+'*8%8 )2$+?:2

    )2% /+67(,H[ >?) 2('% 0($:%0H >%%, ?,(>0% )+ &%/?$%

    %0%/)$*/*)H >*00& -$+6 /+66?,*)*%& *, )2% &(6% $%:*+,&(& )2% 70(,)()*+,& *,8*/()%& )2() 4FW2+?$ /+,,%/)*+,&?,8%$ )2% :+'%$,6%,) &/2%6%[ ?&%8 /+,&*&)%,)0H )+7+C%$ -(,&[ ( )%0%'*&*+,[ (,8 +)2%$ 2+?&%2+08 :++8&&)*00 0%8 )+ >*00& )2() C%$% 0+C%$ )2(, )2+&% -+$ 2+?&%2+08&*, )2% 0(>+$ 0*,%& $%/%*'*,: ,+ 6+$% )2(, )2$%% 2+?$& +-%0%/)$*/*)H 7%$ 8(H34IJ

    ^%,:(0[ C2%$% )2% ,%C[ *,8%7%,8%,) )$(8% ?,*+, 6(8%

    ^#= /+,,%/)*+,& *, )2% 0(>+$ 0*,%& *, 4JA43 %8 )2% ?,/0%(, C()%$ (,8 -$%\?%,8H&%,)%$H 8%()2& )2%$%[ (0&+ )+08 ?& )2() ( 7($)*/?0(8*'*&*+, C*)2*, )2% 0(>+$ 0*,%& 2(8 ())%67)%8 )+ &%/?$%( 8*$%/) 6?,*/*7(0 /+,,%/)*+,[ >?) C(& 8%,*%8 >%/(?&% 4I4

    $%&7+,&*>*0*)H )+ (88$%&& 8%'%0+76%,) (,8 &%$'*/%& -+$70(,)()*+, C+$L%$& *, :%,%$(0[ *,/0?8*,: V >(&%8 +, +?%T)%,&*'% *,)%$'*%C& (,8 +>&%$'()*+, V C+$L%$& () )2%

    0%(&) +, 7($ C*)2 )2% /+67($(>0% :+'%$,6%,) &/2%6%

    ]-'% -+4 '(-,(" =(44*+, *+ ('%1#G("C%"#H*4(4 /#$3*+, -) L#"/-)

    U3)-)( 5"#' - %/#)#,"-%/ )-0(+ *+ )/( '*43) #5 2*+)(" VdOV7

    I\U _#>8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    I\e

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    74/110

    ,' =#5(4 2" 1"#0- =0*. 2*03"0+ #6*8( +":"0#&

    "&/ 8'+855"++=8& "==*0(+ (* 0"+)+( 5*.%8&+*0/

    %#/."'( *= -8"+4 )'5&8-)'9 # %0*("+( 6/ .*0"

    IOY#'- 6/ .".6"0+ *= *(1"0 8')*'+4 )'5&8-)'9

    d#.0**% 0"+%"5():"&/7IOV

    *= -8"+ -"-85()*'7 ,' j#'8#0/ IJTI4 (1" 8')*'G+

    F"'"0#& Q"50"(#0/4 P)&"+12#0 !#'()4 )'+)+("-

    (1#( ":"0/ 2*03"0 *' (1" C++#. "+(#("+ 1#-

    )'-):)-8#&&/ #8(1*0)H"- -8"+ -"-85()*'4 6#+"-

    *' &)+(+ .#)'(#)'"- 6/ (1" 8')*'G+ 9#0-"';&":"&

    5*..)((""7IO\,' #&& *= *80 )'("0:)"2+4 1*2":"04

    2" -)- '*( +%"#3 2)(1 # +)'9&" 2*03"0 21* 1#-

    #90""- (* -8"+ -"-85()*'4 *0 21* 1#- )'-)5#("-1)+ *0 1"0 -"+)0" (* >*)' (1" 8')*'4 (10*891 #

    +)9'#(80" *0 (18.6%0)'(7 C /"#0 ("04 !#'()G+

    +(*0/ 1#- 51#'9"-7 X" )'+)+("- (1#( 5*.%8&+*0/

    (1" 0"9)+("0"- 8')*'+ #8(1*0)H" (1" -"-85()*'

    6/ .#'#9"."'( *' 6"1#&= *= #&& *= (1")0

    IOO!1" )++8" *= 1*2 2*03"0+ 6"5*."

    0"5"):"- 0"5*9')()*'40".#)'"- 8'"N%)'"-7

    !1" *'" "N5"%()*' (* (1" +/+(". *= 5*.%8&+*0/

    -8"+ %#/."'( (1#( 2" "'5*8'("0"- #.*'9

    (1" CAAB "+(#("+ )' C++#. 2#+ #( d#1*0#')4

    *'" *= =*80 "+(#("+ *' (1" d*0(1

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    75/110

    >:K"

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    76/110

    "J8 8-LML&

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    77/110

    "J8 HJ:K8 >F:MX !-O&OF:"OFHLK8&) (* TJJb #(

    X#(1)38&) #'- #'7IUO

    !1" 0*&& *8( 2#+ 5*.%&"("- )' C%0)& IJTJ4 #'-

    -"-85()*'+ 6"9#' +**' #=("02#0-7IUU

    ("0.+ *= (1" %'4 (1" 5#%)(#& )':"+(."'( #'- #

    -):)-"'- *= #( &"#+( Ob %"0 /"#0 #0" 98#0#'(""-

    +1#0"+ 2)&& :"+( #'- (1")0 :#&8" 2)&& -"%"'- *'

    (1" .#03"(7 CAAB 5"&"60#("- (1" 0*&&*8(4 '*()'9

    IUe ,( %*)'("- (* (1" 1)91 &":"&*= +86+50)%()*'+ #+ 5&"#0 ":)-"'5" *= )(+ 9**-

    5*..8')5#()*' 2)(1 2*03"0+4 #'- *= (1")0 (08+(

    )' .#'#9"."'(?

    ("+().*')#& (* (1" "==*0(+ .#-" #( #&& &":"&+ (*

    IU[

    ".%&*/""+ #( #&& &":"&+ 1#+ 0"5"):"- #&& 0*8'-

    IeJ

    .#'#9"."'( #'- *2'"0+1)% *= (1" 5*.%#'/

    IeT

    IUY

    IUV _""()'9 2)(1 (1" ,LM #'- P""%#3 C(#&4 d"2 P"&1)4 j#'8#0/ V4 IJTI7

    IU\ X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    IUO _""()'9 2)(1 (1" ,LM #'- P""%#3 C(#&4 d"2 P"&1)4 j#'8#0/ V4 IJTI7

    IUU IUe CAAB C''8#& W"%*0( IJTJSTT #( I7

    IU[ CAAB C''8#& W"%*0( IJJ[STJ #( V7

    IeJ @47

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    78/110

    `:)-"'5" *= (08+( #'- 5*..8')5#()*' 2"0"

    %#0()58&/ ).%*0(#'( (* (1" &"9)().#5/ *= (1"

    %0*5"++7 W"5*9')H)'9 (1)+4 CAAB ".%1#+)H"- )'

    +51"." 5*'+)-"0)'9 (1#( .851 *= (1" 2*03=*05" IeI

    X*2":"04 )'("0:)"2+ 2)(1 2*03"0+ 5*':"/

    # -)=="0"'( :"0+)*' *= ":"'(+4 51#0#5("0)H"-

    6/ #68+" *= %*2"0 #'- "N(0#*0-)'#0)&/ %**0

    5*..8')5#()*'7 K*03"0+

    -"+50)6"- "N("'+):" 5*'=8+)*'4

    -"5"%()*' #'- -80"++ )' (1"

    +#&" *= +1#0"+7 ]"0/ ="2 1#- #

    5&"#0 )-"# *= (1" +*805" *= (1"

    *= *2')'9 (1".7 C +86+(#'()#&

    .#>*0)(/ *= (1" 2*03"0+

    21* %8051#+"- +1#0"+ +()&&

    6"&)":" (1#( (1"/ 2"0" %#)-

    =*0 2)(1 .*'"/ (#3"' *8( *=

    (1")0 +(#(8(*0/ 0"()0"."'(

    #55*8'(+ D5*..*'&/ 3'*2'

    M*..8')5#()*' 1#+ 6""'

    (1" +(#0(? (1"0" 2#+ '* 0"#&"==*0( (* %0*:)-" 2*03"0+

    2)(1 20)(("' .#("0)#&+ )' &*5#&

    '98#9"+ 6"=*0" (1" +#&"7 ,'

    (1" 2#3" *= (1" +#&"4 (1"0" 1#+

    6""' '* 5*..8')5#()*' 2)(1

    2*03"0+ #( #&&? '* .""()'9+4 '*

    %0"+"'(#()*'+4 #'- '* 0"%*0(+

    (* 5*':"/ )'=*0.#()*' #6*8(

    (1" +(#(" *= (1" 5*.%#'/ 2)(1

    (* +*&)5)( (1")0 *%)')*'+7 !1""N(0"." 5*'(0#+( 6"(2""'

    (1" "N%"0)"'5" *= (1" 2*03"0+

    #'- (1" 5).+ *= (1" 5*.%#'/

    0#)+" +"0)*8+ @8"+()*'+4 '*(

    *'&/ #6*8( (1" 5*.%#'/G+

    2)&& #'- 5#%#5)(/ #( (1" &":"&

    *= ).%&"."'()'9 (1" +1#0"

    %'4 68( #6*8( )(+ 9**- =#)(1 )' (1" )')()#&

    5*'5"%(8#&)H#()*'7

    _#'#9"."'( #53'*2&"-9"+ %0*6&".+ *=

    5*..8')5#()*' +)'5" (1" +#&" *= +1#0"+4 68(

    -"')"+ *(1"0 =#)&80"+7 ,'+("#-4 (1" 5*.%#'/

    *(1"0 +1#0"1*&-"0+ S 0"5"):"- # TIb -):)-"'-4

    (2)5" (1" 98#0#'(""- 0#(" *= Ob7IeY _*0"*:"04

    IeT @47#( I7

    IeI @47

    F#"0("3 2/# %$"6/-3(4 9::; 3/-"(3 "(6(*H(4 )/*3 3/(() #5 %-%(" #$)1*+*+, )/(*"

    (+)*)1('(+)3 $+4(" )/( 36/('(< *+ U+,1*3/7 ?/( 2#"0(" *+ )/*3 6-3( /-3 -60+#21(4,(4

    "(6(*%) 2*)/ - )/$'=%"*+) 3*+6( 3/( *3 +#) 1*)("-)(7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    79/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    80/110

    Q*." *= (1" 5*'5"0'+ 0"("- (* 5 *=

    8'-"0+(#'-)'9 *= (1" +1#0" %'4 #+ # 0"+8&(

    *= &":"&+ *= &)("0#5/ #'-f*0 (1" #6+"'5" *=

    %0*-85"- )' Q#-0)4 (1" &)'98# =0#'5# *=

    -*58."'(+ )' `'9&)+14 # '98#9" (1#( '*'" *=

    (1". +%"#3?

    C 90*8% *= 2*03"0+ #( R#3#>#'4 )'("0:)"2"-

    (*9"(1"04 (*&- 8+ (1#( #&& *= (1" .#'#9"0+

    +%*3" (* (1". )' `'9&)+1 *0 C++#."+"4

    0#(1"0 (1#' Q#-0) *0 X)'-) D21)51 (1"

    .#>*0)(/ *= 2*03"0+ #&+* 8'-"0+(#'-E 21"'

    %0*%*+)'9 (1" +1#0" %8051#+)'9 %' #( (1"

    I[I

    C'*(1"0 90*8% *= 2*03"0+ #( R#3#>#'-"+50)6"- 1#:)'9 6""' 9):"' =*0.+ (*

    .#03)'9 (1")0 #++"'( 2)(1 # (18.6%0)'(4 6/

    +8%"0:)+*0+ 21* 2"0" 2"&& #2#0" (1#( (1"/

    2"0" )&&)("0#(" )' `'9&)+17I[Y

    c(1"0 ("+().*'/ =0*. 2*03"0+ +8%%*0(+

    (1" %"05"%()*' (1#( (1"0" 2#+ # %0* =*0.#

    @8#&)(/ (* (1" )'=*0.#()*'#& .""()'9+4 2)(1

    :"0/ &)((&" "==*0( (* 5*':"/ ":"' 6#+)5 -"(#)&+7

    ,' .#'/ 5#+"+4 2*03"0+ &"=( (1" .""()'9+ '*(":"' 8'-"0+(#'-)'9 (1#( (1"/ 5*8&- 0"=8+" (*

    %#0()5)%#(" )' (1" +1#0" %'7

    Q":"' 2*03"0+ #( d*2"0# d8--/ +#)- (1#(

    (1"/ +)9'"- =*0.+ 8'-"0 (1" ).%0"++)*'

    (1#( (1"/ 2*8&- 6" 0"5"):)'9 .*'"/ )= (1"/

    -)- +* S =*80 *= (1". (1*891( (1"/ 2*8&-

    0"5"):"!eJJJ "#514 (1" *(1"0 (10"" 6"&)":"-

    =0*. .#'#9"."'(7 ,' "#51 5#+"4 (1" 2*03"0+

    0"5"):" '* 5#+14 68( (1#( 0"98 -"-85()*'+

    2"0" 6")'9 (#3"' *8( *= (1")0 %#/51"53+ #+ #

    5*'+"@8"'5" *= #++"'()'9 (* (1" +51"."7I[V

    C 90*8% *= ")91( 2*03"0+ #( X#(1)38&)4

    21"0" CAAB 5).+ (1#( :)0(8#&&/ TJJb *=

    8'-"0+(**- (1#( #&& (1" 2*03"0+ 1#- (* -* )(7

    I[\

    2"0" .#'/?

    C 90*8% *= TI 2*03"0+ )'("0:)"2"- (*9"(1"0

    #( X#(()9*0 0"%*0("- (1#(4 )' *0-"0 (* %86&)5)H"

    (1" +1#0" %'4 .#'#9"0+ 60*891( :#'+

    &*#-"- 2)(1 +#0)+ #'- *(1"0 5*'+8."0 9**-+4

    (1" (1)'9+ 2*03"0+ 2*8&- 6" #6&" (* 68/ 2)(1

    (1" .*'"/ (1"/ .#-" =0*. (1" +1#0" %'7I[O

    c'" 2*03"0 #( d*2"0# d8--/ 2#+ (*&- 6/

    I[U

    C( 8&) 5#." #2#/ =0*. (1"

    (1" !eJJJ 2*8&- 6" 2*0(1 !I[[

    %'4 *09#')H"- 6/ (1" .#'#9"."'( #(

    d#.0**% )' IJJe4 2*03"0+ 0"5#&&"- 6")'9

    YJJ

    I[T R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

    I[I R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ I\4 IJTY7

    I[Y R#3#>#' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TI4 IJTI7

    I[V d*2"0# d8--/ !"# `+(#("4 K"+( 8&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    81/110

    C( R#3#>#'4 #55*0-)'9 (* (10"" 2*03"0+

    21* 1#- #(("'-"- # .""()'9 *' (1#( "+(#("4

    YJT

    !1" "N%"0)"'5" *= %#0()5)%#()*' )' # +51"."

    (1#( (1"/ -* '*( 8'-"0+(#'- #5(8#&&/ #%%"#0+ (*

    1#:" =80(1"0 -)+".%*2"0"- .#'/ 2*03"0+7 c'"

    -)+%)0)("- 2*03"0 #( d*2"0# d8--/4 #((".%()'9

    (* "N%)' 21/ 1" 1#- %8051#+"- +1#0"+4

    YJI!1)+5*.."'( 2#+ 0"%"#("-4 2)(1 .)'*0 :#0)#()*'+4

    *= #+3)'9 8+ #6*8( +1#0"+4 21"(1"0 2" (1)'3

    YJY

    !1" %"05"%()*' *= %*2"0&"++'"++ 1#+ *'&/

    6""' "'1#'5"- 6/ (1" 5*.%#'/G+ =#)&80" (*

    #'- &*++ +86+"@8"'( (* (1" +#&" *= +1#0"+7 C(

    X#(()9*04 # 90*8% *= TI 2*03"0+ )'("0:)"2"-

    (*9"(1"0 0"5*&&"5("- (1#( (1"/ 1#- 6""' %0*.)+"-

    # .*'(1&/ .""()'9 =*0 +1#0"1*&-"0+4 21"0"

    (1"/ 2*8&- 6" %0*:)-"- 2)(1 -"(#)&+ *' (1"

    (*&- 1*2 .851 .*'"/ (1" 9#0-"' )+ .#3)'94 21/

    YJV!1" #' #55*8'()'9 ":"0/ .*'(17 h*8G&& 3'*2 21#(

    YJ\!1" 5 *= )'=*0.#()*' 1#+ &"- (* +*."()."+

    1#+ (*&- 8+ #'/(1)'9 +)'5" 2" 6*891( (1" +1#0"+4 YJO

    -L8K-#' !"# `+(#("4 j#'8#0/ I\4 IJTY7

    YJI d*2"0# d8--/ !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 _#/ Te4 IJTJ7

    YJY X#(1)38&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TY4 IJTI7

    YJV X#(()9*0 !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IT4 IJTY7

    YJ\ d#1*0#') !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ II4 IJTY7

    YJO X#(1)38&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ IV4 IJTY7

    YJU X#(1)38&) !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ TY4 IJTI7

    YJe d#.0**% !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 C%07 TU4 IJTI7

    YJ[ @47

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    82/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    83/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    84/110

    ("#. 0*8()'"&/ 1"#0- 0"%*0(+ *= .*0" "@8):*5#&

    (10"#(+ *= >*6 &*++?

    C( d*2"0# d8--/ )' K"+( #' !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 j#'8#0/ I\4 IJTY7

    YTV @47

    YT\ d#.0**% !"# `+(#("4 C++#.4 C%0)& TU4 IJTI7

    YTO P#. P). !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    85/110

    C(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    86/110

    #' *'"0*8+ ).%#5( *' (1" &):"&)1**- *= 2*03"0+

    2)(1 #&0"#-/ -"%0"++"- 2#9"+7 !1" -"-85()*'+4

    21)51 0#'9" =0*. !VV (* !Ve %"0 %#/ %"0)*-4

    (/%)5#&&/ 0"%0"+"'( Ob (* eb4 #'- +*."()."+

    #+ .851 #+ TJb4 *= 2*03"0+G '"( 2#9"+7YIV ,'

    *'" )'("0:)"2 #=("0 #'*(1"04 2*03"0+ -"+50)6"-

    (1" :"0/ 0"#& ).%#5( *= (1" *+("'+)6&/ .)'*0

    -"-85()*' *' (1")0 #6)&)(/ (* =""- (1".+"&:"+4

    68/ "-85#()*'#& +8%%&)"+ =*0 (1")0 51)&-0"'4 *0

    (#3" 5#0" *= *(1"0 -"6(+7 !1"/ 5*.%)'"- '*(

    *'&/ #6*8( (1" =#5( (1#( (1"/ 1#- 6""' =*05"-

    %"4 68( (1#( (1"0" 2#+ '* #%%#0"'( ."#'+ *=

    6" #6&" (* +#/4 , 5#'G( #==*0- (1)+ #'/.*0"7 A&"#+"

    2*03"0 #( W8'9#.8((""7YI\

    C 2*03"0 #( d*2"0# d8--/4 )'("0:)"2"-

    )' IJTJ4 (*&- 8+ (1#( +1" #'- 1"0 18+6#'-

    2"0" 6*(1 =*05"- (* 68/ +1#0"+4 ":"' (1*891

    (1"/ 1#- %0*("+("- (1#( (1")0 %#/ S #=("0

    -"-85()*'+ #( +*805" =*0 "&"5(0)5)(/4 0#()*'+4

    A0*:)-"'( L8'- #'- &)=" )'+80#'5" S '":"0

    "N5""-"- !\JJ ":"0/ (2* 2""3+7YIO

    C 2*03"0 #( P#. P). (*&- 8+ (1#( +1" 1#-

    (0)"- (* "N%)' (1#( 1"0 1*8+"1*&- 1#- 1"#:/

    (1" &"#:"+ , %)53 2)&& 6" 0"5*0-"- #+ &"++ =0*.

    YIU

    #. , +8%%*+"- (* 08' # 1*8+"1*&- *' !TJJJ

    1*." +* &)((&"7 C'- (1"' (1"/ #0" (#3)'9 +()&&

    .*0" =*0 (1" +1#0"+7 !1" .*'"/ , 9"( )' 1#'-4

    , +%"'( #&.*+( #&& *= )( (1" +#." -#/4 >8+(

    YIe

    C( d#1*038()#4 # 2*03"0 21* (0)"-

    8'+855"++=8&&/ (* 0"=8+" (* 68/ (1" +1#0"+

    (*&- 8+ (1#( 1" 2#+ (1" +*&" +8%%*0("0 *=

    (10"" 51)&-0"' )' +51**&7YI[

    K*03"0+ 2"0" '*( 6/ #'/ ."#'+ 0">"5()'9 *8(0)91(

    (1" "0 )-"# *= )':"+()'9 *0 +#:)'9 (1#( # %'&)3" (1)+ 5*8&- 0"%0"+"'(a +":"0#& 2"0"4 1*2":"04

    #-#.#'( (1#( (1)+ %#0()58 +51"." -)- '*(

    *= !eJJJ4 , 2*8&- 8+" )( (* "-85#(" ./ 60*(1"0+

    #( #' #'- d*2"0# d8--/4 2*03"0+

    %#/!VV %"0 =*0(')91(a #( d#1*038()#4 -"-85()*'+

    #0" !V\ %"0 =*0(')91(a #( W8'9#.8(("" #'-C51#6#.4 2*03"0+ %#/ !VU7OI %"0 =*0(')91(7

    CAAB .#'#9"."'( -"')"+ (1#( (1"0" 5*8&-

    6" #'/ :#0)#()*'4 #++"0()'9 (1#( #&& 2*03"0+

    %#/ (1" +#." #.*8'(7 ,' *80 )'("0:)"2 2)(1

    P""%#3 C(#&4 1" 5*'>"5(80"- (1#( -"-85()*'+

    .)91( :#0/ *'&/ )= 2*03"0+ 1#- 0"@8"+("- (1#(

    (1")0 &*#' 0"%#/."'( 6" -"="00"- *0 0"-85"-

    9):"' 8'#'()5)%#("- "N%"'+"+ =*0 # %#0()58

    %#/ %"0)*-7YYI X*2":"04 2" "'5*8'("0"- '*

    ":)-"'5" (1#( :#0)#()*'+ )' "@8)(/ %#/."'( 2"0"

    5*00"("- (* 2*03"0+G 0"@8"+(+7

    YIV R((3$%"- YI\ W8'9#.8(("" !"# `+(#("4 K"+(

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    87/110

    K1)&" 2*03"0+ 1#:" 0"5"):"- .*0" (1#' (1"

    %0*.)+"- -):)-"'- %#/."'(+ (18+ =#04 .#'/

    K1)&" 0"98 2#9"+ #0" 9):"' (* 2*03"0+ )' (1"

    =*0. *= 5#+14 (1" -):)-"'- )+ -"%*+)("- -)0"5(&/

    )'(* (1")0 6#'3 #55*8'(+7 F):"' (1#( 6#'3+ #0" =#0

    #2#/ =0*. (1" 0".*(" ("# %'(#()*'+4 2*03"0+ #(

    +":"0#& "+(#("+ %*)'("- *8( (1#( 2)(1-0#2)'9 (1"

    .*'"/ )':*&:"+ &*+)'9 # -#/G+ 2#9"+ D+)'5" 6#'3+

    #0" '*( *%"' *' Q8'-#/+4 21)51 #0" 2*03"0+G

    *'&/ 0"98 -#/+ *==E #'- +%"'-)'9 +86+(#'()#&

    #.*8'(+ *= ()." #'- .*'"/ )' (0#:"&7 C( X#(()9*04

    =*0 "N#.%&"4 2*03"0+ +#)- (1#( (1" 6#'3 )+ (10""

    1*80+G >*80'"/ #2#/4 #'- (1" (0)% 5*+(+ !VJ

    "#51 2#/7YYY K" 1"#0- +).) 5*.%)'(+ =0*.

    2*03"0+ #( .#'/ *(1"0 "+(#("+7YYV

    (* 0"%0"+"'( C++#. ("# %'(#()*' 2*03"0+4

    %0*:)-"- 8+ # -)+(*0("- :)"2 *= (1" %'4

    "N#99"0#()'9 (1" #.*8'( *= -):)-"'- 0"5"):"-

    #'- (1" :#&8" *= (1" +1#0"+7 L*0 "N#.%&"4 (1"

    CM_Q F"'"0#& Q"50"(#0/ #++"0("- (1#( (1"

    -"5"- -):)-"'- 2#+ YJb %"0 /"#0 D!IVJJE4YY\

    (1" CM_Q 0"%0"+"'(#():" #( d#.0**% )'+)+("-

    (1#( )( 2#+!TIJJ4YYO#'- (1" CM_Q 0"%0"+"'(#():"

    #( X#(1)38&) 5*'("'-"- (1#( #&0"#-/4 #&& 2*03"0+

    1#- 0"5"):"- -):)-"'- %#/."'(+ "@8):#&"'(

    (* ")91( ()."+ (1" :#&8" *= (1" +1#0"+7YYU !1"

    F"'"0#& Q"50"(#0/ +#)- 2)(1 5"0(#)'(/ (1#( (1"

    :#&8" *= +1#0"+ 1#- )'50"#+"- =0*. !TJ (* !Y\4

    #'- (1#( 1" %"0+*'#&&/ 3'"2 2*03"0+ 21* 1#-

    6""' #6&" (* +"&& (1". =*0 (1)+ #.*8'(7YYe ,'

    0"#&)(/4 '* 2*03"0 5#' +"&& (1" +1#0"+ 6"=*0" (1"/

    :"+(4 =*80 /"#0+ #=("0 (1" %8051#+"7

    !1" =8(80" )+ ":"' .*0" 8'5"0(#)'4 #( .8&()%&"

    &":"&+7 !1" 98#0#'(""- Ob #''8#& -):)-"'- 2)&&

    5*." (* #' "'- #'- (1" +1#0"+ 2)&& #++8." #

    .#03"( :#&8"7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    88/110

    (10*891 .*0" S #'- .*0"

    +"580" S >*6+7YVYQ* =#04 (1" >*6+

    1#:" '*( .#("0)#&)H"-7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    89/110

    2*03"0+ =0*. ")91( 1*8+"1*&-+ (*&- 8+ (1#(

    (1"/ 1#- 6""' 8+)'9 (1" '- +)'5" (1")0

    90#'-%#0"'(+G #'- 90"#(;90#'-%#0"'(+G

    ()."4 21"' )( 2#+ 9):"' (* =#.)&)"+ 6/ (1"

    #'

    (*9"(1"04 #&+* -"+50)6"- (1" "N("'( *= (1"

    (* 6" #6&" (* 90*2 "'*891 (* +( +)N4 ")91(

    Y\J

    !1" '- 2#+ '*( +800"'-"0"- 2)&&)'9&/7 c'

    +":"0#& %'(#()*'+4 2*03"0+ -"+50)6"- 1#:)'9

    2)(1*8( +855"++?

    ,' )'("0:)"2+ 2)(1 # 90*8% *= T\ 2*03"0+ )'

    R#3#>#'G+

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    90/110

    C( X#(1)38&)4 2*03"0+ -"+50)6"- # %0*(0#5("-

    +(0899&" *:"0 (1")0 '-7 C55*0-)'9 (*

    #55*8'(+ =0*. .8&()%&" )'("0:)"2+4 6"(2""'

    YI #'- Y\ 1*8+"1*&-+ &*+( (1")0 '- (* #0" 5800"'(&/ *%"0#()*'#&E7 K1"' (1"/

    (1" 5*.%#'/7 !1" 5*.%#'/ 6"&*'9+ (* /*84

    Y\Y

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    91/110

    _#'#9"0+ -)- '*( -"'/ (1" 1)+(*0)5#&

    5*..)(."'( *= '- (* 2*03"0+4 68( (1"/

    )'+)+("- (1#( (1" #&&*5#()*' 2#+ %80"&/

    -)+50"()*'#0/4 #'- 5*8&- 6" 0":*3"- #( #'/ ()."7

    !1"/ #098"- (1#( 2*03"0+ 1#- '*( #5@8)0"- #'/

    &"9#& *0 .*0#& 0)91( *:"0 21#( 1#- #&2#/+ 6""'

    =*0."0 _#'#9)'9 P)0"5(*0 X#0-""% Q)'914 (1"

    %0).#0/ #051)("5( *= (1" %' -80)'9 1)+ ("'80"

    =*0 -"(#)&+4 1" #53'*2&"-9"- (1#( (1"0" 2"0"

    X" 2#+ #-#.#'( (1#( '* =#&+" %0*.)+"+ *= Y\O

    !1"0" )+ ":)-"'5" (* +899"+( (1#( (1)+ )+ '*(

    (08"4 1*2":"07 C( +":"0#& %'(#()*'+4 2*03"0+

    5)."- (1"/ 2"0" *=="0"- *'" %"0.#'"'( >*6

    %"0 =#.)&/ (1#( 1#- &*+( '-4 (1*891 '* *'" 1#-

    #5(8#&&/ 0"5"):"- )(7Y\U C( X#(1)38&)4 2" +%*3"

    (* +*." 2*03"0+ 21* 1#- 6""' *=="0"- 5#+8#&

    ".%&*/."'( S #( &*2 2#9"+4 2)(1 '* +"580)(/

    0"#+*'+7Y\eC( d#1*0#')4 (1" 0"+"#051 ("#. 2#+

    +1*2' # >*6 *=="0 &"(("0 =0*. .#'#9"."'( (1#(

    2#+ %#0()58&/ -"5"%():"4 %0*.)+)'9 '*( #

    Y\[

    !1" d#1*0#') "+(#("G+ ".%&*/."'( *=="0 1#+

    +"&=;5*'(0#-)5(*0/4 +)'5" 8'-"0 ,'-)#'

    (".%*0#0/ 2*03 )+ ).%"0.)++)6&" )= )( )+ =8&&;()."

    #'- =*0 #' *%"';"'-"- %"0)*-7YOJQ)'5" (1" &"(("0

    2#+ )' `'9&)+14 )( 2#+ #&+* )'5*.%0"1"'+)6&"

    YOT !1" 5*'-)()*'+ *= 2*03

    5#("9*0/ =*0 %'(#()*' 2*03? 1" 0"%*0(+ (1#( 1"

    2*03+ +":"' -#/+ # 2""34 2)(1 '* -#/ *== #'- '*

    *:"0()." %#/7 X" )+ %#)- ![Y # -#/ 68( '*( 9):"'

    # %#/ +&)%7 C+ +(#("- )' (1" ".%&*/."'( &"(("04 1"

    1" 5#' 8+" (1" "+(#(" 5&)')5 68( .8+( %#/ =*0 #&&

    6" +*&- )' (1" .#03"(E7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    92/110

    ;.

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    93/110

    >:K"

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    94/110

    KLF8 LS "J8

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    95/110

    )' %#0()58 (1" ,LM #++"++."'( *= !#(# 2#+

    YU\F):"' (1#( (1" ,LM 2#+ *%"0#()'9 *' (1" 6#+)+ *=

    # (1)' 0"5*0- (1#( )'5&8-"- :)+)(+ (* *'&/ (10""

    %'(#()*'+ *:"0 (10"" -#/+ #'- '* -*58."'(#0/

    YUO!1"2*03)'9 #'- &):)'9 5*'-)()*'+ -*58."'("- )'

    (1)+ 0"%*0( %*2"0=8&&/ "51* (1"+" 5*'5"0'+7

    ?V71MZ?? T!;K? 71;F

    !1" ).%*0(#'5" *= (1" ".%&*/"" +1#0" *2'"0+1)%

    %' )+ '*("- (10*891*8( (1" ,LM -*58."'(+7

    !1)+ ="#(80" *= (1" CAAB )':"+(."'( 1"#-&)'"-

    (1" %0"++ 0"&"#+"+ #'- *558%)"- # 5"'(0#& %"

    )' (1" ,LMG+ -"+50)%()*' *= (1" %0*>"5(4 #&*'9+)-"

    *= ("# %0*-85"-7YUU !1" ,LM -*58."'(+ (*8("-

    6"=*0" #'/ ).%&"."'(#()*'4 (1" %0*>"5( %0*%*+#&

    +899"+("- (1#( (1" CAAB #%%0*#51 6" 0"%&)5#("-

    (10*891*8( (1" ("# )'-8+(0/7YUeC&(1*891 -"(#)&+

    #0" #6+"'(4 (1" %0*%*+#& "':)+)*'"- # :"0/

    .#+(3) +($)"-1 ="#0(" "#1( )# 3$%%#") - 5-*"

    )"-+3-6)*#+D )+ :"0/ 3""' =*0 ,LM (* %#0()5)%#(" #+ #'

    1*'"+( '"8(0#& 60*3"0 *' #55*8'( *= (1"

    '#(80" *= (1" (0#'+#5()*' 21"0" )( )+ +"&&)'9+1#0"+ (* ".%&*/""+ #'- 2#'(+ (1)+ (* 6" #

    =#)0 (0#'+#5()*' 6*(1 =*0 (1" ".%&*/""+ #'-

    )(+ *2' "N)+()'9 +1#0"1*&-"0+7YU[

    C.*'9 (1" 0)+3+4 (1" ,LM -)- '*(" (1#( (1" .*-"&

    3*6

    0"5*9')H" (1#( (1"0" 2"0" 9#%+ )' (1" %0*90#.4

    ".%&*/""+ )' 9*:"0'#'5" 5*8&- 6" # 5#8+" =*0

    5*'+)-"0 #' ".%&*/"" ".%*2"0."'( %0*90#.

    (* "'#6&" (1" ".%&*/""+ (* %/ # %#0()5)%#(*0/

    YeJ"5(4 1*2":"04 )( #%%"#0"- (* 1#:" +)9'"- *==

    *' (1" +#&" *= +1#0"+ #+ 1#:)'9 6""' # +855"++7 ,'

    =#5(4 (1" ,LM %0"+"'("- # :"0+)*' *= (1" %0*5"++

    (1#( 6"#0+ &)((&" 0"+".6'5" (* 2*03"0+G

    #55*8'(+7 !1" `':)0*'."'(#& #'- Q*5)#& W":)"2

    5*'5&8-"- (1#(

    8'-"0(#3"' "N("'+):" 5*'+8&(#()*'+ *' (1" *(1"0+ )' (1" &*5#& 5*..8')(/4 )' #' "==*0(

    (* 50"#(" # .*0" +8+(#)'#6&" %'(#()*'

    .*-"&7 !1" -)+58++)*'+4 21)51 )'5&8-"-

    %0"+"'(#()*'+ *' # ()."(#6&" *8(&)')'9 1*2

    #'- 21"' (1" 51#'9" 2)&& 6" 8'-"0(#3"'4 1#:"

    (#3"' -*'" D+)5E #( #&& &":"&+ *= ".%&*/""+7

    !1" 5*'+8&(#()*'+ 1#:" (#3"' %" 6*(1

    )'-)0"5(&/4 (10*891 2*03"0 0"%0"+"'(#():"+4

    #+ 2"&& #+ -)0"5(&/4 6/ (1" .#'#9"."'( ("#.

    #( "#51 %'(#()*'7 !1"+" 5*'+8&(#()*'+ 1#:"

    YU\ MCc C%%0#)+#& W"%*0(4 C.#&9#.#("- A'(#()*'+ B).)("-4 j#'8#0/ e4 IJTY4 #( O;U7

    YUO @47#( U7

    YUU R((< (7,7 YUe

    3$%"-'*(" IUJ4 #( I;Y7YU[ @47#( Y7

    YeJ @47#( Y7

    YeT Q)'5" (1)+ )+ #' 8'8+8#& 0*&" =*0 (1" ,LM (* 1#:" #++8."-4 '")(1"0 (1" +#="98#0- %*&)5)"+ '*0 (1" A"0=*0.#'5" Q(#'-#0-+ 9):" 5&"#0

    %#0()58 0)+3+4 *0 #++"++ (1" #-"@8#5/ *= !#(#G+ 5*'+8&(#()*'+7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    96/110

    *55800"- *:"0 (1" +( U;e .*'(1+ (* 9):"

    ".%&*/""+ #-"@8#(" ()." (* 8'-"0+(#'- (1"

    %*("'()#& ).%#5( *= (1" 51#'9" )' *2'"0+1)%

    #'- -)+58++ (1")0 5*'5"0'+ -)0"5(&/ #'-

    (1*0*891&/ 2)(1 2*03"0 0"%0"+"'(#():"+ #'-

    .#'#9"."'(7YeI

    ,( )+ '*( 5&"#0 1*2 (1" ,LM 0"#51"- (1)+

    5*'5&8+)*'4YeY 68( #+ -*58."'("- )' (1"

    %0":)*8+ +"5()*'4 )( )+ -0#.#()5#&&/ 5*'(0#-)5("-

    6/ 2*03"0 ("+().*'/7 _*0"*:"04 #55*0-)'9 (*

    -"+50)%()*'+ =0*. .#'#9"."'( #'- 2*03"0+4

    (1" ,LM 1#- 0"#+*' (* 3'*2 (1#( (1)+ -"+50)%()*'

    2#+ )'5*.%&"("4 #( 6"+(7 d*( *'&/ 2"0" (1" "#0&/

    %0*6&".+ 2)(1 (1" 0*&& *8( *= (1" +1#0" %' 2"&&

    3'*2'4 #'- 2)-"&/ 0"%*0("- )' (1" ."-)#4 68( (1"

    ,LM 2#+ 0"%*0("-&/ )':*&:"- )' (1" 5*'+8&(#()*'+

    2)(1 2*03"0+ (1#( 2"0" 58( +1*0( 6"5#8+" *=2*03"0 =08+(0#()*'7 !1" F"'"0#& _#'#9"0 #(

    #' )'-)5#("- (* (1" 0"+"#051 ("#. (1#( #' ,LM

    5*'+8&(#'( 1#- "'5*8'("0"- 2*03"0 0"+)+(#'5" (*

    (1" +1#0" %' -)0"5(&/4 21"' 1" :)+)("- (1" =*80

    %'(#()*'+ *' (1" d*0(1

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    97/110

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    98/110

    #%%&)"- +*." *= (1" A"0=*0.#'5" Q(#'-#0-+

    )' (1")0 #++"++."'( +)'5" 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1

    -*."+()5 #'- 8+" *= %0*("5():" 9"#0 #0"

    6*(1 #--0"++"- )' (1" %0*>"5( #++"++."'(7 !1)+

    9"+(80"4 1*2":"04 )+ '*( #' #-"@8#(" +86+()(8("

    =*0 =*0.#& #%%&)5#()*' *= (1" A"0=*0.#'5"

    Q(#'-#0-+4 +)'5" )( *6+580"+ (1" *6&)9#()*'+ *=

    (1" ,LM .#/ '*( 1#:" 6""' 0"@8)0"- (*

    +508()')H" !#(#G+ 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 -*."+()5

    (1" Q#="98#0-+4 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 -*."+()5

    2#+ '*( # 5&"#0 %0"0"@8)+)(" (* =8'-)'97 Y[T

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    99/110

    5"0(#)' &":"& *= 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 *0 #'- +*5)#&

    #&+* -0#2' =0*. (1" '8."0*8+ &":"&+ *= (1)0-

    %#0(/ *:"0+)91( D%86&)54 8')*'4 #'- +(#'-#0-+

    6*-)"+E 21)51 2"0" +""' (* #++80" 9**- *0

    %0#5()5" )' (1" %'(#()*'+ 7 7 7 7 Q).)&/ 5)'9

    2#+ -*58."'(#()*' (* +899"+( (1#( ,LM 2#+ )'

    # %*+)()*' (* -0#2 0*68+( 5*'5&8+)*'+ #+ (* (1"

    Y[U

    ,' &)91( *= (1" "N%"0)"'5" *= (1" 0"+"#051 ("#.4

    )( +"".+ 8'&)3"&/ (1#( (1" ,LM .#-" #'/ +"0)*8+

    "==*0( (* :)+)( (1" *0 &)'"+ *0 (* +%"#3 2)(1

    2*03"0+ )'-"%"'-"'(&/7 F):"' (1" )+*()*' *=

    (1" %'(#()*'+4 #'- (1" ()." 0"@8)0"- (* (0#:"&

    (* #'- =0*. (1".4 (1" (10"" -#/+ (1#( (1" ,LM

    +%"'( :)+)()'9 (10"" %'(#()*'+ 2*8&- 1#:"

    5*'-)()*'+7 ,= (1" ,LMG+ %0#5()5" 2#+ 5*'+)+("'(

    2*03"0+4 (1" :)+)(+ 2*8&- )' #'/ 5#+" 1#:" 6""'

    +(0)5(&/ 5*'(0*&&"- 6/ .#'#9"."'( (* "'+80"

    (1#( (1"0" 2#+ '* 8'+8%"0:)+"- 5*'(#5( 2)(1

    2*03"0+4 #'- '* :)+)( (* (1" *0 &)'"+7Y[e

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    100/110

    (1" %0*>"5(4 )( .#/ 1#:" 6""' .*0" #2#0" *=

    W":)"2 )(+"&= 0":"#&+7VJI

    C'*(1"0 9)'9 9#% )' (1" #++"++."'( )+ (1"

    #6+"'5" *= #'/ ":#&8#()*' *= (1" %*("'()#&

    (1" &*++ *= (1" '- (0#-)()*'#&&/ 8+"- 6/ 2*03"0+

    =*0 90*2)'9 0)5" #'- :"9"(#6&"+ =*0 (1")0 *2'

    5*'+8.%()*'7 !1" ,LMG+ A"0=*0.#'5" Q(#'-#0-+

    0"9#0-)'9 %1/+)5#& *0 "5*'*.)5 -)+%"."'(

    #'- )'=*0.#& 5).+ (* '-4VJY+* 2*03"0+G 5

    *= ()(&" (* (1" '-+ 2*8&- '*( 1#:" +(**- )' (1"

    2#/ *= #%%&)5#()*' *= ,LM %0*5"-80"+7 C--)()*'#&4

    .*0" +(0)'9"'( %0*5"-80"+ #0" (0)99"0"- 21"'

    -)+%"- %"0+*'+ #0" )'-)9"'*8+4 #+ )+ (1"5#+" 1"0"7VJV h"( (1"+" %0*:)+)*'+ #%%"#0 '*(

    (* 1#:" 6""' 5*'+)-"0"- )' (1" 5*'("N( *= (1"

    ,;M ,MV71;GF:

    ,' _#/ IJTI4 (1" M*.%&)#'5" C-:)+*0f

    c.68-+.#' DMCcE4 (1" )'-"%"'-"'( 0"5*80+"

    ."51#')+. =*0 (1" ,LM4 (**3 (1" 8'8+8#& +("%

    *= )')()#()'9 # 5*.%&)#'5" #%%0#)+#& *= CAAB7

    C55*0-)'9 (* (1" MCcG+ C''8#& W"%*0(4 (1"-"5)+)*' 2#+ .#-" -8" (* 5*.%)'(+ .#-"

    *' (2* ("# "+(#("+ 21"0" :)*&"'( %0*("+(+ #'-

    VJ\

    C( (1" #%%0#)+#& +(#9"4 (1" MCcG+ )':"+()9#()*'

    )+ &).)("- (* %0*>"5( -*58."'(+ #'- -*"+ '*(

    )':*&:" +)(" :)+)(+7 d":"0(1"&"++4 (1" C%%0#)+#&

    (1" ,LMG+ %0*>"5( +8%"0:)+)*' 6*(1 -80)'9 (1"

    )')()#& #++"++."'( *= "':)0*'."'(#& #'- +*5)#&

    +(#'-#0-+4 #'- -80)'9 (1" *8(60"#3 *= :)*&"'5"

    #( A*2#) #'- d*2"0# d8--/4 (1" (2* "+(#("+

    Q*5)#& W":)"24VJO VJU

    !1" MCc C%%0#)+#& 0#)+"- %#0()58 5*'5"0'+

    (1#( (1" ,LM #++"++."'( *:"0&**3"- :)*()*'+

    *= A"0=*0.#'5" Q(#'-#0- I 0"9#0-)'9 B#6*0 #'-

    K*03)'9 M*'-)()*'+7 !1" 5 *= )'-"%"'-"'(

    8')*' 0"%0"+"'(#()*' )+ #&+* #&&8-"- (*4 #+ 1#:)'9

    5#+" -".*'+(0#("+ 51#&&"'9"+ )' (1" #++"++."'(

    #'- +8%"0:)+)*' *= AQI 0)+3+ (1#( "."09" =0*.

    (1" '#(80" *= (1" 0"()*'+1)%+ 6"(2""' #' ,LM

    5&)"'(4 )(+ 2*03"0+ #'- (1" 8')*'+ (1#( 0"%0"+"'(

    VJe !1" C%%0#)+#&4 1*2":"04 -*"+ '*("N%&)5)(&/ #--0"++ (1" 2*03"0;+1#0"1*&-"0 %'

    1"#0( *= (1" ,LMG+ )':*&:"."'( )' (1" %0*>"5(7

    >K:K"M8KHJ

    ,' #--)()*' (* 0"&/)'9 *' !#(#G+ 0"%8(#()*'4 #'-

    *' (1" #++8.%()*' (1#( *0 )'+%"5(*0#("+ )'

    ,'-)# "'+80" 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1 -*."+()5 (1"

    ,LM #&+* 9#:" 90"#( 2")91( (* (1" =#5( (1#( (1"

    !#(# %'(#()*'+ %#0()5)%#("- )' %0):#("4 .8&();

    +(#3"1*&-"0 ."51#')+.+ (1#( #0" +8%%*+"-

    VJY

    VJV ,LM A"0=*0.#'5" Q(#'-#0- n U7TV DIJJOE7

    VJ\ )' (1" %86&)5 %0*>"5( -*58."'(+4 (1" 0"=*0."- +#="98#0-+ #%%&/ (* (1" %0*>"5(7 MCc4 C''8#& W"%*0( IJTI4 #( OO7

    VJO MCc C%%0#)+#& W"%*0(4 3$%"-'*(" YU\4 #( U7

    VJU @47#( [STJ7

    VJe @47#( TJ7

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    101/110

    "#$ >"L0.1 )($ $#$.)3 )(-) 3$) "GG L"%A$% '%")$3)3

    -) )($ 4"L$%- 4/99@ -.9 @ '-%)03-. 9$G$.9$% "G

    ?-)- -.9 6

  • 8/12/2019 The World Bank, Tata and Enduring Abuses on India's Tea Plantations

    102/110

    (* "'+80" 1)91 +*5)#& +(#'-#0-+7 !1)+ )'5&8-"+

    QCeJJJVJ[ #'- (1" `(1)5#& !"# A#0('"0+1)%7 C+

    '*("- 50)()5#&&/ 6/ (1" MCc C%%0#)+#&4 (1"+"

    (1" ,LMG+ #++"++."'( *= !#(#G+ 5*.%&)#'5" 2)(1

    *0 +(#'-#0-+4 #%%#0"'(&/ +86+()(8()'9 =*0

    (1" ,LMG+ *2' >8-9."'(7VTJ ,' 0"#&)(/4 21)&"

    %0):#(" ."51#')+.+ +1*8&- +8%%&"."'( (1"

    0"@8)0"."'(+ *= ,'-