The World Bank at World Urban Forum 5 Urban Risk Assessments Toward a Common Approach World Urban...

The World Bank at World Urban Forum 5

Urban Risk AssessmentsToward a Common Approach

World Urban Forum, March 2010

World Bank

Finance, Economics & Urban Department


A Need for Coordination


Moving Forward

The challenge:Lack of common approach inhibits

effective and strategic cooperation between agencies and across cities

The objective: Strengthen coherence and consensus,

minimize duplicative efforts, and bring convergence to related work undertaken across relevant organizations


Vulnerability as a Concept

Vulnerability: ‘Conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards’. (UN ISDR)

Vulnerability: ‘The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes’. (IPCC)


Measuring Vulnerability


Institutional Mapping

Importance of national and regional city linkages

Identification of planning instruments, policies, programs, and strategies:

City government agencies Non-governmental and

community based organizations


Institutional Mapping


Geospatial Data

Cataloguing of datasets held across city government departments and NGOs

Four datasets for a city to begin assessing its vulnerability:

i. Geophysicalii.Socio-economiciii.Land useiv.Lifelines and services


Geospatial Data


High Resolution Imagery

Benefits Limitations

Spatial Resolution Variable Viewing Geometry

Spectral Discrimination Variable Illumination Geometry

Positional Accuracy Availability

Global Coverage Clouds


Remote Sensing in Urban Areas

Satellite Resolution & Detection Capacity

Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Source: Geoeye.com

Spatial Resolution

Applications

0.5 – 1.5 meters Identification, cartography of objects (cars, trees, urban materials).

1.5 - 5 meters Distinction of buildingsIdentification, cartography of objects (construction)

5 - 10 meters Location/cartography of buildings, roads, agricultural lands

10 – 20 meters Location and geometry of large infrastructure (airports, city centers, suburbs, commercial malls, industrial areas)


Slum Enumeration

Data relating vulnerability does have to be generated only from air or space.• Engagement of urban

poor in risk mapping and vulnerability assessment

Pros: Accuracy and spatial resolution of data

Cons: Time, capacity, resources


Slum Enumeration

Role of community:– Validation of feature extraction processes

undertaken using remote sensing imagery• Ground Control Points

–Mapping and enumeration of slum areas– Household surveys • Historical incidence of small localized

disasters• Local adaptation measures to quick on-set

hazards, slow on-set risks


Slum Enumeration

• iPhone/smart phone application prototype • Reports about individual buildings: – Current position; provided by the phones

built-in GPS, – Number of floors, – Building type (residential, office, store, etc.)– Optional parameters; roof shape/material,

construction material, picture

• Links to new open source technology– OpenStreetMap


Global City Indicators Facility

COMPLEXITY

COST


Finance, Economics & Urban Finance, Economics & Urban DepartmentDepartment

Thank youThank you

The World Bank at World Urban Forum 5 Urban Risk Assessments Toward a Common Approach World Urban...

Documents

Transcript of The World Bank at World Urban Forum 5 Urban Risk Assessments Toward a Common Approach World Urban...