The World At Risk
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Transcript of The World At Risk
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The World At Risk
AS Geography
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What are Hazards?
• A Natural event only becomes a hazard if it involves people.
• It is the way people, social systems and environments link together that can determine whether an even is a hazard or not
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Example
• A Rock fall in the Rocky mountains kills no one
• Rock fall in Wales kills 17 children
• One is a natural event – the other a natural disaster.
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The Two classifications
• Hydro-meteorological
• Geophysical
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Hydro-Meteorological
• Caused by running water and its processes and weather patterns
Floods Mud flows
Hurricanes Tropical Cyclones
Thunderstorms Rain
Wind storms Tornadoes
Blizzards Drought
Bushfires Temperature extremes
Sand Storms Dust Storms
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Geophysical
• Caused By Earth’s processes:
• Two types:• Internal processes
:Tectonic• External processes
: Geomorphological
Volcanic Activity
Mass Movement
Earthquakes Tsunamis
Landslides Rock falls
Rockslides
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Pop’n Vulnerable to human or economic lossHazardous Geophysical event e.g. Earthquake
DISASTER
Degg’s Model 1992
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Definition
• A Natural process which affects people, e.g. causing loss of life or injury, economic damage, disruption to people’s lives or environmental degradation
The greater the scale of the natural hazard, and the more exposed people are, the greater a disaster is likely to be
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Is the world becoming more hazardous?
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Number of Natural Disasters
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CRED
• CRED – Centre for research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
• CRED created EM-DAT
• CRED
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EM-DAT
• EM-DAT – Stands for Emergency events database and was created by the WHO and the Belgium govt
• EM-DAT have many criteria and much info on thousands of disasters
• EM-DAT
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OFDA
• OFDA – The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance
• OFDA is the office within USAID responsible for providing non-food humanitarian assistance in response to international crises and disasters.
• OFDA
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IRC
ISDR
USAID
TWB OCHA
Munich Foundation
PC
UNDP
ADRC
Other Partners
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Number of People Affected!
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Economic losses
• The number of deaths may well be falling but the costs are rising dramatically
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Questions
• Why has the number of disasters gone up but the number who have died gone down?
• Why has the death tolls gone down but the number of people affected gone up?
• Why has the death tolls gone down but the economic losses gone up?
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Declining Death Tolls
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Reasons
• Reflects the ability of mankind to understand natural disasters
• Improvements in prediction techniques
• Appropriate precautions
• Construction techniques
• Are these the same for the MEDC’s and the LEDC’s
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Capacity and Vulnerability
• We have an increase in our capacity to cope with disaster
• We have an increase in our vulnerability through economic, socio-demographic and technological factors. These outweigh the gains in our capacity
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Finally….
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CLIMATE CHANGE!!!!!