The World After WWIThe World After WWI

The Collapse of the Old OrderThe Collapse of the Old Order

Road to TotalitarianismRoad to Totalitarianism

Europe Before WWIEurope Before WWI

The Collapse of the Old Order-The Collapse of the Old Order-New BoundariesNew Boundaries

The Versailles Treaty changed the boundaries in The Versailles Treaty changed the boundaries in Europe and around the worldEurope and around the world

In EuropeIn Europe Germany Germany Lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (West) Lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (West) Poland took part of the Eastern side of GermanyPoland took part of the Eastern side of Germany Czechoslovakia gained part of Southern GermanyCzechoslovakia gained part of Southern Germany

(Sudetenland) (Sudetenland)

Austria- Hungarian EmpireAustria- Hungarian EmpireSerbia was given various states in the Serbia was given various states in the

Balkans to create YugoslaviaBalkans to create YugoslaviaHungary became a separate countryHungary became a separate country

TurkeyTurkeySaudia Arabia became independentSaudia Arabia became independentBritain gained Palestine, Jordan and Iraq as Britain gained Palestine, Jordan and Iraq as

Mandates- a lease Mandates- a lease France was given Lebanon and Syria as France was given Lebanon and Syria as

mandates. mandates.

RussiaRussiaFinland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and

the Ukraine - to be independent the Ukraine - to be independent Did not gain from VersaillesDid not gain from Versailles

Europe in 1919Europe in 1919

The Collapse of the Old Order- The Collapse of the Old Order- The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

Europe was destroyed:Europe was destroyed: Economically- The cost of WWI bankrupt EuropeEconomically- The cost of WWI bankrupt Europe Socially- huge populations of men killed, Socially- huge populations of men killed, Politically- Revolutions all over EuropePolitically- Revolutions all over Europe

American writers and artists in Europe captured American writers and artists in Europe captured the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe. the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe.

Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude SteinStein

The Collapse of the Old Order- The Collapse of the Old Order- Colonial MovementColonial Movement

Germany lost all foreign colonies to Germany lost all foreign colonies to France and EnglandFrance and England

Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination gave Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination gave rise to Nationalist movements in Africa, the rise to Nationalist movements in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and AsiaMiddle East, Latin America, and Asia

The World After WWI The World After WWI

Road to TotalitarianismRoad to Totalitarianism

Keeping the Peace- Economic Keeping the Peace- Economic SolutionsSolutions

Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished the Germans with war reparations they could the Germans with war reparations they could not pay. not pay.

Problem Two- England and France had Problem Two- England and France had difficulty recovering from the war, because difficulty recovering from the war, because they relied on Germany for funding. they relied on Germany for funding.

Solution- The Dawes Plan: Reduced the level Solution- The Dawes Plan: Reduced the level of German reparationsof German reparations

The Dawes Plan (1924)The Dawes Plan (1924)

Keeping the Peace- New AlliancesKeeping the Peace- New Alliances

The Lorcano Treaties: Set up the The Lorcano Treaties: Set up the boundaries for France, Germany, and boundaries for France, Germany, and Belgium. Also set up alliances between Belgium. Also set up alliances between France, Poland and Czechoslovakia France, Poland and Czechoslovakia

Locarno Pact: 1925Locarno Pact: 1925

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)Aristide

Briand(Fr.)

AristideBriand

(Fr.)

Austin Chamberlain (Br.)Austin Chamberlain (Br.)

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

The Great Depression [1929-1941]

The Great Depression [1929-1941]

Paris in 1930Paris in 1930

London in 1930London in 1930

Threat to Peace- Threat to Peace- The Great Depression The Great Depression

1929: The U.S. stock market, overpriced 1929: The U.S. stock market, overpriced and overvalued crashed. US bankers and overvalued crashed. US bankers called in loans from Germany, England called in loans from Germany, England and France.and France.

The US economy collapsed due to high The US economy collapsed due to high spending and defaulted loans from spending and defaulted loans from Europe, Europe,

European Debts to the United States

European Debts to the United States

Threat to Peace- TotalitarianismThreat to Peace- Totalitarianism

After WWI there was After WWI there was a rise in totalitarian a rise in totalitarian governments, in the governments, in the USSR, Italy, and USSR, Italy, and Germany Germany

Totalitarian: a Totalitarian: a government in which government in which a one-party a one-party dictatorship dictatorship regulates every part regulates every part of citizens lives.of citizens lives.

Signs of a Totalitarian Gov’t. Signs of a Totalitarian Gov’t.

Non-democratic Non-democratic Uses modern technology- radio, movies Uses modern technology- radio, movies

etc. .etc. .Grew in Grew in poor economic/social conditions poor economic/social conditions Army & civilians geared to one goal: Army & civilians geared to one goal:

VICTORYVICTORYThe whole population forced to sacrifice & The whole population forced to sacrifice &

increasingly under gov’t controlincreasingly under gov’t control

Example: The Soviet UnionExample: The Soviet Union

Josef Stalin (Man of Steel)Josef Stalin (Man of Steel) an opponent of Trotsky an opponent of Trotsky Took over the Soviet Union in Took over the Soviet Union in

1924 1924

wanted to modernize & wanted to modernize & industrialize the USSR industrialize the USSR 5 yr. Plans- a series of plans 5 yr. Plans- a series of plans

to industrialize the USSRto industrialize the USSR Collectivization- all farms Collectivization- all farms

owed and controlled by the owed and controlled by the government. People forced to government. People forced to work in the farms. work in the farms.

Great Purges- mass Great Purges- mass executions of political executions of political opponentsopponents

Threat to Peace- FascismThreat to Peace- Fascism

Fascism: a political system that takes Fascism: a political system that takes power through violence, propaganda power through violence, propaganda and nationalism.and nationalism.

Created by Benito MussoliniCreated by Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

Threat to Peace- Threat to Peace- Storm CloudsStorm Clouds

1. In 1919, Benito Mussolini formed the 1. In 1919, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist party out of angry WWI veterans Fascist party out of angry WWI veterans and social reformers. and social reformers.

In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome Rome in an attempted coup.in an attempted coup. Mussolini’s Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in ItalyFascist party took power in Italy

By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the LeaderLeader

In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome in an attempted march on Rome in an attempted coup. coup.

Mussolini’s Fascist party took Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in Italypower in Italy

By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the Leader– the Leader

March on Rome [1922]March on Rome [1922]

Il DuceIl Duce

Threat to Peace- German Threat to Peace- German Problems Problems

1. 1919: The Germans set up the 1. 1919: The Germans set up the Weimar Republic- a democratic Weimar Republic- a democratic government. government. The Weimar Republic was The Weimar Republic was weak and financially poor. weak and financially poor.

2. High Unemployment, starvation, 2. High Unemployment, starvation, threats of Communist revolutionthreats of Communist revolution

The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory

The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory

Disgruntled German WWI veteransDisgruntled German WWI veterans

Threat to Peace- The Austrian Threat to Peace- The Austrian CorporalCorporal

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was born in April 20, 1889 was born in April 20, 1889 He fought in WWI and hated the Weimar He fought in WWI and hated the Weimar

Republic that signed the Versailles TreatyRepublic that signed the Versailles Treaty In 1919 he joined the National Socialist In 1919 he joined the National Socialist

German Workers Party (Nazis) German Workers Party (Nazis) In 1923: Hitler attempted to take over the In 1923: Hitler attempted to take over the

city of Munich and failed, sentenced to 5 city of Munich and failed, sentenced to 5 years in prison. years in prison.

The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

Threat to Peace- Rise to PowerThreat to Peace- Rise to Power

1. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein 1. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf- his ideas about the “Aryan” Kampf- his ideas about the “Aryan” race. race.

2. 2. After his release from prison, Hitler After his release from prison, Hitler focused on gaining power in Germanyfocused on gaining power in Germany

3. In 1933, 3. In 1933, the Nazis gained several the Nazis gained several seats in the German Parliament andseats in the German Parliament and Hitler was named Chancellor of Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany. Germany.

Threat to Peace- Hitler’s GermanyThreat to Peace- Hitler’s Germany

1. Beginning in 1933, Hitler started to 1. Beginning in 1933, Hitler started to rebuild Germany’s military power, rebuild Germany’s military power, which improved the Economywhich improved the Economy

2. He attempted to influence the 2. He attempted to influence the German people through art, music, German people through art, music, literature and other forms of literature and other forms of propaganda.propaganda.