The World After the Cold The World After the Cold WarWar

1.1. Russian Break UpRussian Break Up

2.2. Colonies around the World Colonies around the World

3.3. Formation of Israel Formation of Israel

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Who was Khrushchev?Who was Khrushchev? What were some problems faced in What were some problems faced in

African independent movement?African independent movement? What were some problems faced by What were some problems faced by

Southeast Asian independence?Southeast Asian independence? List at least three things you know List at least three things you know

about the creation of Israel and its about the creation of Israel and its relationship with Palestinians today.relationship with Palestinians today.

Palestine and Israel Palestine and Israel

3,000 years of conflict over the area 3,000 years of conflict over the area of the world that is now Israel of the world that is now Israel

What is the definition of Zionist?What is the definition of Zionist? People who favor a Jewish national People who favor a Jewish national

homeland in Palestine homeland in Palestine Britain asked to watch over Palestine Britain asked to watch over Palestine

after WWI to get it ready for after WWI to get it ready for independence independence

British UneasinessBritish Uneasiness

The Palestinians fear the growing number The Palestinians fear the growing number of Jewish individuals living in the area of Jewish individuals living in the area

The Jewish people ask for their own nation The Jewish people ask for their own nation in the same territory in the same territory

Britain does not believe the two groups Britain does not believe the two groups can live together peacefully and do not can live together peacefully and do not want to lose support of either side want to lose support of either side

Britain calls for a partition of the country Britain calls for a partition of the country to ensure peace to ensure peace

United Nations Gets United Nations Gets InvolvedInvolved

After WWII Britain turns over the issue to After WWII Britain turns over the issue to the United Nations the United Nations

The United Nations recommends partition The United Nations recommends partition on the state on the state Jewish State and Palestinian StateJewish State and Palestinian State Jerusalem to be an international city owned by Jerusalem to be an international city owned by

both both All Arab States vote against the proposal All Arab States vote against the proposal

but still passes the UN General Assemblybut still passes the UN General Assembly Israel officially created on May 14, 1948Israel officially created on May 14, 1948

Conflicts in the Middle EastConflicts in the Middle East

From the beginning the nation of From the beginning the nation of Israel has been faced with conflicts Israel has been faced with conflicts with its Arab neighbors with its Arab neighbors

Day after its creation Egypt, Iraq, Day after its creation Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria invade the country Syria invade the country Strong American support allows Israel to Strong American support allows Israel to

win within months win within months

Israel Seizes PalestineIsrael Seizes Palestine

Palestinian portion of Palestinian portion of the partition never the partition never comes into being comes into being

Israel seizes much of Israel seizes much of the land designated the land designated for the Palestinian for the Palestinian statestate Egypt took the Gaza Egypt took the Gaza

StripStrip Jordan seized the West Jordan seized the West

Bank Bank

Continued Conflict Continued Conflict

1956 Suez Crisis 1956 Suez Crisis Egypt seizes the Suez Canal in 1956 Egypt seizes the Suez Canal in 1956

which was ordered by President Nasser which was ordered by President Nasser US and British agree to provide air US and British agree to provide air

support to the Israelis who march on the support to the Israelis who march on the Canal and quickly defeated the Canal and quickly defeated the Egyptians Egyptians

International community forces Israel International community forces Israel and the and the

Continued ConflictContinued Conflict Six-Day WarSix-Day War

Nasser threatens Israel in a speech Nasser threatens Israel in a speech Israel strikes at the air bases of Egypt, Israel strikes at the air bases of Egypt,

Syria, Iran, and Jordan Syria, Iran, and Jordan Ground invasion success Ground invasion success

Lost 800 troops to the Arabs 15,000 Lost 800 troops to the Arabs 15,000 Took the old city of Jerusalem, Sinai Took the old city of Jerusalem, Sinai

Peninsula, The Golan Heights, and the Peninsula, The Golan Heights, and the West Bank West Bank

Buffer zones for the Israelis Buffer zones for the Israelis

Continued Conflict Continued Conflict

1973 War or the Yom Kippur war1973 War or the Yom Kippur war Anwar Sadat now the president of Egypt Anwar Sadat now the president of Egypt Israel caught by surprise and initially Israel caught by surprise and initially

suffers loss of land and casualties suffers loss of land and casualties Counter-attack launched where Israel Counter-attack launched where Israel

regains most of the land regains most of the land Cease Fire signed after several weeks of Cease Fire signed after several weeks of

fighting but not a peace agreement fighting but not a peace agreement

The Olive Branch The Olive Branch

1977 Sadat offers peace to Israel if 1977 Sadat offers peace to Israel if Israel would agree to give up the Israel would agree to give up the lands it took in 1967 from Egypt, lands it took in 1967 from Egypt, Jordan, and SyriaJordan, and Syria

Jimmy Carter jumps at the opportunity Jimmy Carter jumps at the opportunity to gain some stability in the region to gain some stability in the region

Camp David Accords Camp David Accords Egypt recognizes Israelis right to exist Egypt recognizes Israelis right to exist

and Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula and Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula

Palestinian Demands for Palestinian Demands for Statehood Statehood

Originally the Palestinians were Originally the Palestinians were promised a state by the UN as well promised a state by the UN as well which never materialized and Israel which never materialized and Israel occupied their land occupied their land

Israel begins to establish settlements Israel begins to establish settlements in Palestinian lands in the Gaza Strip in Palestinian lands in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and the West Bank

Palestinian Liberation Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)Organization (PLO)

Led by Yasar ArafatLed by Yasar Arafat Military wing of PLO conducts armed Military wing of PLO conducts armed

resistance operations against the resistance operations against the Israelis Israelis

Israel begins bombing any suspected Israel begins bombing any suspected PLO stronghold in towns PLO stronghold in towns Invades Lebanon in 1982 to knock out Invades Lebanon in 1982 to knock out

strongholds strongholds

Peace TalksPeace Talks

Finally in 1991 the two sides meet face to Finally in 1991 the two sides meet face to face for a series of peace talks face for a series of peace talks International opinion swayed by civil disobedience International opinion swayed by civil disobedience

and NOT the military operations of the PLOand NOT the military operations of the PLO An agreement for Israeli withdraw and An agreement for Israeli withdraw and

Palestinian rule of the Gaza Strip and West Palestinian rule of the Gaza Strip and West Bank was signed in 1993 between Sharon and Bank was signed in 1993 between Sharon and RabinRabin Rabin Assassinated in 1995 Rabin Assassinated in 1995 Withdrawal process slow and complicated by Withdrawal process slow and complicated by

Israeli Prime Ministers who were against the plan Israeli Prime Ministers who were against the plan

Activity Activity

Read Chapter 19 Section 1 and Read Chapter 19 Section 1 and answer the following questions answer the following questions

1.1. What were the steps towards What were the steps towards democracy that each country took?democracy that each country took?

2.2. Who were the important leaders?Who were the important leaders?

3.3. What kind of obstacles did the What kind of obstacles did the countries face on their road towards countries face on their road towards democracy?democracy?

Russia and the Unholy Russia and the Unholy Trinity Trinity

Collapse of the Soviet Union Collapse of the Soviet Union

Politburo- ruling committee of the Politburo- ruling committee of the communist party communist party

Who were the two leaders of USSR Who were the two leaders of USSR since Stalin’s death?since Stalin’s death?

Mikhail Gorbachev placed in power Mikhail Gorbachev placed in power The Politburo looking for mild reform The Politburo looking for mild reform Gorbachev had not lived through the Gorbachev had not lived through the

Stalin Era and was open to new ideas Stalin Era and was open to new ideas

Collapse of the Soviet UnionCollapse of the Soviet Union

What is Glasnost?What is Glasnost? Openness Openness Encouraged soviets to discuss how to Encouraged soviets to discuss how to

improve their society improve their society Churches open Churches open Released political dissidents Released political dissidents Unbanned books Unbanned books Open press investigates and criticizes Open press investigates and criticizes

government government

Collapse of the Soviet UnionCollapse of the Soviet Union

What is Perestroika?What is Perestroika? Economic restructuring Economic restructuring Allowed for local managers of farms and Allowed for local managers of farms and

small private businesses (restored profit small private businesses (restored profit motive)motive)

Collapse of the Soviet UnionCollapse of the Soviet Union

What is Democratization?What is Democratization? Gorbachev introduces plan to slowly Gorbachev introduces plan to slowly

open the political system open the political system Elections of a new legislative body Elections of a new legislative body Lists of candidates for each office which Lists of candidates for each office which

led to part bosses losing elections and led to part bosses losing elections and reformists gaining political powerreformists gaining political power

Collapse of the Soviet Union Collapse of the Soviet Union

Escape from East Germany… Escape from East Germany… vacationers paradise vacationers paradise No reforms in Eastern Germany No reforms in Eastern Germany 1989 Hungary who was well on its own way 1989 Hungary who was well on its own way

to democracy allowed vacationing East to democracy allowed vacationing East Germans to enter into Austria Germans to enter into Austria

Freedom for those who could afford the trip Freedom for those who could afford the trip East Germany closes its borders entirely East Germany closes its borders entirely

to try and stop the flood of emigrants to try and stop the flood of emigrants

Collapse of the Soviet Union Collapse of the Soviet Union

Fall of the Wall (1989)Fall of the Wall (1989) Huge protests break out all over the Huge protests break out all over the

country country Police refuse to break up the protests Police refuse to break up the protests Leader forced to resign power Leader forced to resign power Egon Krenz new leader of Eastern Egon Krenz new leader of Eastern

Germany and believes he can restore Germany and believes he can restore order by allowing people to leave Eastern order by allowing people to leave Eastern Germany Germany

Germany Reunified Germany Reunified

Within months the Communist Party in Within months the Communist Party in Eastern Germany ceased to exist as Eastern Germany ceased to exist as corruption and scandal were discoveredcorruption and scandal were discovered

New leadership moves towards New leadership moves towards democracy and reunification of the democracy and reunification of the country country Process begins in 1994 Process begins in 1994 Economy serious obstacle Economy serious obstacle Unified and back on track as of today Unified and back on track as of today