The Wisconsin PBIS Network (CFDA #84.027) acknowledges the support of the Wisconsin Department of...
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Transcript of The Wisconsin PBIS Network (CFDA #84.027) acknowledges the support of the Wisconsin Department of...
The Wisconsin PBIS Network (CFDA #84.027) acknowledges the support of the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction in the development of this presentation and for the continued support of this federally-funded grant program. There are no copyright restrictions on this document; however, please credit the Wisconsin DPI and support of federal funds when copying all or part of this material.
S400Behavior
Intervention Planning
Agenda for Today1. Functional Behavior Assessment and
Behavior Intervention Planning• Review FBA• Review how FBA/BIP linked to BIP• Understanding the BIP
2. Social/Academic Instructional Groups & Social Skills Instruction
3. Mentoring
4. Fidelity Measurement
Tier 1/Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
Check-in/check-out CICO
Individualized Check-In/Check-Out, Groups, Mentoring
Brief Functional Behavioral Assessment/Behavior Intervention Planning Brief FBA/BIP
Complex FBA/BIP
Wraparound or RENEWIllinois PBIS Network, Revised May 2009Adapted from T. Scott, 2004
Social/Academic Instructional Groups SAIG
Tier 2/Selected
Tier 3/Intensive
Inte
rven
tionAssessm
ent
Illinois PBIS Network, Revised May 2009Adapted from T. Scott, 2004
Tier 1/Universal School-Wide Assessment
School-Wide Prevention Systems
SIMEO Tools: HSC-T, RD-T, EI-T
ODRs, Attendance, “Tardies,” Grades, DIBELS, etc.
Daily Progress Report
Competing Behavior Pathway, Functional Assessment Interview, Scatter Plots, etc.
Tier 2/Selected
Tier 3/Intensive
Inte
rven
tionAssessm
ent
• 7-15%: Percent of total population expected to need and be supported by tier II interventions
• 1-5%: Percent of total population expected to need and be supported by tier III interventions
• 70%: Percent of youth (receiving intervention “X”) that should be responding to intervention
• Data-based decision rules for “determining response” must be definedData sources defining response are efficient
e.g., Daily Progress Report (DPR) cards: Student maintains an 80% average on DPR for 4 weeks
Data-Based Decision Making Numbers to Keep in Mind
What is the difference between a behavioral
(or maintaining) consequence and a
disciplinary consequence?(HINT: it has to do
with likelihood)
POP QUIZ
Brief FBA1. Identify a behavior of concern
Define in a way that is observable
2. Identify predictors in the environmentThings that happen before and after
3. Identify a functionWhy does that happen?
4. Teach a replacement behaviorWhat is an appropriate way to get same function?
5. Change the environment to preventWhat could make the problem not happen?What consequences are functional?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Generally expected behavior
Grades, teacher praise
Behavior of concern
Preceding events or
occasion that trigger
Infrequent events that
affect value of maintaining
consequences
Set of related behaviors that
are more desirable
Following event that maintains behaviors
Following event that maintains
behaviors
Get, avoid, etc.
REVIEWBrief FBA
• Do antecedents occur immediately prior to the behavior?
• Are consequences addressing behavioral consequences, not just offering a discipline response?
• Is behavior specific and measurable?
• Does function make sense, based on information provided?
Choose one FBA for team use, developing the BIP
Functional Behavior Pathways
Academic work
setting
Disruptive noises
No direct teacher
attention
Teacher provides attentionRaise hand
and wait quietly
Curriculum
Expectations
Time
Routines
Examples
Engagement
Prompts
Physical Arrangement
FunctionalConsequence
FunctionalConsequence
A Context forPositive Behavior Support
A redesign of environments, not the redesign of individuals• Plan describes what we
will do differently• Plan is based on
identification of the behavioral function of problem behaviors and the lifestyle goals of an individual
Using FBA to Design Effective Support of the Simple BIP
• How can we prevent problem situations? • What should we teach as a replacement behavior?• How do we increase acknowledgement of
appropriate behavior?• How do we minimize acknowledgement/payoff
of problem behavior?• Do we need consequences for problem behavior? • Do we need safety routines?• What data should we collect?
Throughout Process Remember Strengths-Based Planning
What does the student like to do?
What is the student interested in?
What do they enjoy?
Identify the student’s successes:• Where are they successful?• When are they successful?• With whom are they successful?
Replacement Behaviors Must Be
• Do-able• Efficient• Serve the same function• Socially appropriate• Remember to consider
“I can live with for now” behavior
These skills have to be directly taught
Replacement Behavior Needs
Teach student how to communicate need for:• Help• A break• Interaction• Attention• Time alone• Reduced demands• Alternative assignment• More time to finish• Movement
Replacement Behavior Skills
SpecificObservable, Acknowledgeable, Teachable (O-A-T)
Taught individually, in small groups, with whole class, or whole school
Can use SAIG lessons to teach skills identified in BIP
Academic behavior skills (organization, raising hand)Problem solving skills (deep breathing, get help)Pro-social skills (ask to play a game, say “hi”)
Behavior Intervention Planning
Address the behavior of concern by teaching a new way to meet the function
Address the triggers and setting events by “situation manipulation/environmental adaptations”
Address the consequences by modification
Layering Interventions for Efficiency
What interventions do you already have in place at your school that could be used as part of BIPs to address
Setting Events – Consequence modifications?e.g., CICO, after-school
re-teaching of expectations, classroom Cool Tools
Function-Based Support
Goal: Teach a new way to get needs met
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Why Teach Social/Academic Skills?Behavior management problems are social skills problems.
The adults need to make adjustments – what does the child need?
Academic and social competence are interrelated.The more active in learning process, the lower the discipline concerns.
Next to family, school has the most influence in the development of self.
School is a social system.
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Using Cool Tools (Direct Instruction)
as Prevention SupportTeach new routines and physical arrangements to support student
Teaching all students how to transition to class when arriving to school late
Cool Tools that target thinking process, beliefs, etc.Teaching all students that we all work at different speeds and that’s OK
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Example Daily Progress ReportNAME:______________________ DATE:__________________
Teachers please indicate YES (2), SO-SO (1), or NO (0) regarding the student’s achievement.
EXPECTATIONS1 st block 2 nd block 3 rd block 4 th block
Be SafeKeep hands and feet
to self
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be RespectfulKeep arm’s distance
from others
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be ResponsibleAsk for breaks
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Total Points
Teacher Initials
Adapted from Grant Middle School STAR CLUB
Competing Behavior Pathways Model
Setting Event(s)
Antecedent
Desired Behavior
Behavior Interferes w/ Learning
Replacement (Taught) Behavior
IdealOutcome
CurrentOutcome
Sleep medicine impairment
Peer Comment
Conscious choice to ignore, regulation skill,
appropriate comment
Completes all work in class
Threats, loud voice
Allowed to leave to get a drink of
waterin the hallway
Work output is reduced
Taught to use regulation skill
when in hallway for drink
Goes to independent
reading area and writes in journal
Referencing the FBA chosen by team to work on today:• Begin brainstorming interventions for replacement
behaviors and HOW to teach• List at least 2 options for teaching and building
fluency of the student with the new behavior • Fill these in under teaching strategies
TEAM EXERCISE 1
Function-Based Support
Goal: Make problem behavior irrelevant
Antecedent Intervention
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent/Setting Event Interventions
1. How can the antecedent or setting events be changed so that problem behaviors can be prevented?
2. What can be added to daily routines to make desired behaviors more likely and situations more pleasant for the student?
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Examples of Preventive Strategies• Modify the curriculum (interest preferences, choice,
sequence)• Modify the demands (quantity, difficulty, input,
output, groupings, alternative tasks)• Cool Tools for entire class/grade/school focusing on
prevention• Reorganize the physical and interactional setting
(have supplies available, pair seats, independent seats)
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
• CICO involves helping student transition to school day
CICO as Prevention Support
• Increased adult support & monitoring, instructional prompts in the natural environment
• Promotes all staff using similar language
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Referencing the same FBA:• Begin brainstorming interventions for setting events
and triggers.• List at least 2 in each box (setting event and
triggers/antecedent).• Supports must be linked to triggers in the
Competing Pathway.• Supports need to work for BOTH staff and student.
TEAM EXERCISE 2
Function-Based Support
Goal: Make problem behavior ineffective
Consequence Intervention
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Consequence Strategies• Must match maintaining consequence of problem
behavior (function)
• Reinforce and reward replacement behaviors and response to prevention strategies
• Minimize reinforcement of problem behaviors
• Include strategies that reinforce entire class/grade (larger population) for using skills taught through cool tools. This contributes to the more supportive environment.THIS IS NOT REWARDING BAD BEHAVIOR!
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Testing or Escalating Behavior?Students may test the system/adult response, wanting to return to the “old” way of doing businessPlan needs to include teaching strategies not only for expected behavior, but also adult response to inappropriate behavior.
Some student behavior may escalate to crisis levelFollow district crisis plan, begin complex FBA/BIP process to fine-tune plan
Setting Event(Slow Trigger)
ProblemBehavior
MaintainingConsequences and Function
Antecedent(Fast Trigger)
Referencing the same FBA:
Begin brainstorming interventions for maintaining consequences (how do you honor the function but on YOUR terms)
List Strategies (at least 2 for each in the box) for:• Positive acknowledgment for replacement and
desired behaviors
• SPECIFIC corrective consequences for problem behavior
TEAM EXERCISE 3
Plan for Implementation of the BIPTransform ideas for BIP elements into a formal plan for implementation• Who will do what?• When will it happen?• How will we know?
Logistical arrangements• Who needs to know?• What materials are needed?• Who will tell the student?• Plan for substitutes?• Will we need a crisis plan?
Use BIP Action Planning tool
Data-Based Decision-Making
Student outcome data is used:• To identify youth in need of support and to identify
appropriate intervention• For on-going progress monitoring of response to intervention• To exit or transition youth off of interventions
Intervention integrity or process data is used:• To monitor the effectiveness of the intervention itself• To make decisions regarding the continuum/menu of
interventions/supports
Data Used for Ongoing Progress Monitoring
• DPR points• ODRs, suspensions• Attendance• Grades
Same data used to monitor lower levelselected interventions
Replacement Behaviors Reflected in Daily Progress Report
• Prompting of replacement behaviors
• Facilitating transference and generalization of new skills being taught
• Monitoring progress
• Reinforcing connected to use of new skills
Data-Based Decision Rules for “Response”
Typically the same decision rules that apply to responding to lower levels
of interventionFor example, goal for all kids in
selected interventions is to earn >80% DPR points for 4-6 weeks
and no further ODRs
Makes data management more efficient
Recommended Time Frames for Data Review
CICO, SAIG, CnC, & Brief FBA/BIP
Student data should be reviewed to ensure plan is being implemented and for possible plan modifications at least once a week by Intervention Facilitator/s.
Brief FBA/BIP (only)
Student data should also be reviewed to ensure plan is being implemented and for possible plan modifications at least once a month by Problem-Solving Team (and/or Brief FBA/BIP team).
Review the competing pathway developed and consider who, what, by when
Begin filling in BIP Action Planning Tool in your workbook
TEAM EXERCISE 4
If student response is weak based on your data, consider:
Environmental adaptations
Does the student need
More intensive social skill instruction (skill deficit)
Increased attention, relationship, and incentive through mentoring (performance deficit)
OR
AND
Why Teach Social Skills?• Behavior management
problems are social skills problems
• Academic and social competence are interrelated
• Social skills curriculum must match the specific need
• BASIC SAIG• Intensive SAIG (linked to FBA)
Basic SAIG Intensive SAIG (linked to FBA)
1.Re-teaching of school-wide expectations; Cool Tool format
• Smaller group• In natural location• Increased
acknowledgement• More frequent pre-corrects
1.Specific skills identified in FBA
• May be intensive SAIG lessons
• May be supplemental lessons• Higher frequency
acknowledgement included in the plan (nearing 15:1 then fade)
• May include more intrapersonal skills (self esteem, response to trauma, recognizing emotions)
2.Modified Cool Tool format
• More concrete examples and role playing
• Differentiated modality of presentation
2.Lesson format• May be written a la Cool Tool• Curriculum based
Teaching Guidelines• Teach social behaviors as academics
Make sure to communicate cueing and prompting opportunities to ALL STAFF
• Reinforce desired and/or expected behaviorsOur positive reinforcement rate should be approaching 15+:1
• Systematically address infrequent and frequent errors (problem behaviors)
• Complete on-going assessment to determine effectiveness
Strategies for Generalization
• Involve other staff members
• Use examples from universal instruction/universal expectations
• Teach general case and skill variationsFeeling angry – strategies for different environments (classroom, playground, cafeteria)
• Teach self-management strategies
• Teach and practice within, and across, settings
Social Skill Instruction Considerations
• Skill sets and purpose of group are more intensive and more of an affective focus than basic SAIG
• These are FBA-identified skills that need to be taught
• Culturally appropriate behavior lesson plans/curriculum that addresses skill set (may include teaching cultural capital)
How to Teach itFrequency will be dictated by data
May be high frequency at first then fade to less frequent
Direct instruction in group, followed by prompting and high frequency feedback in the setting
Multiple people involved in the teaching and high rate of acknowledgement/feedback (15-20:1)
Person teaching the skill, greeter, classroom teacher, parent
Steps of a Behavioral Lesson Plan1. Explain expectations and why they’re necessary
Check for student understanding/buy-in
2. Model examplesCheck for student understanding/buy-in
3. Model non-examplesCheck for student understanding/buy-in
4. Model examples
5. Students practice
6. Acknowledge the student behavior
Successful Social Skill InstructionIf you choose to use pieces of a packaged curriculum rather than your already-created universal behavior lesson plans
• Make sure intensity of material/instruction matches intensity of identified need
• Ensure that the material used for intensive skill instruction is linked back to universal expectations
• Stand-alone curriculum vs. curriculum made to scaffold skills; stand alone curriculum can be used
• Skills Streaming• Tough Kids Social Skills; scaffolding curriculum• Anger management• Trauma Build social skill instruction on top
of strong universal curriculum and practices
Example Daily Progress ReportNAME:______________________ DATE:__________________
Teachers please indicate YES (2), SO-SO (1), or NO (0) regarding the student’s achievement to the following goals.
EXPECTATIONS 1st block 2nd block 3rd block 4th block
Be SafeUse your words
Use deep breathing
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be Respectful 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be Responsible 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Total Points
Teacher Initials
Adapted from Grant Middle School STAR CLUB
Sub-goals are what have
been taught as part of BIP
Points to RememberFor social skills instruction to have a powerful impact:
Reinforcement/acknowledgement rate should approach 15-20:1 for students who demonstrate the new skill/expected behavior, then fadeConsequences should be on a continuum of less to more significant while being PAIRED with high reinforcement.
This sets stage for old behavior to be less powerful than new behavior
How does a more intensive SAIG fit into your system?• Who will teach? When will it occur? How will you
monitor progress? Will you use a formal curriculum?• What do you already have in place that you can use?• Add to your multi-level action plan
TEAM EXERCISE 5
What about the student may suggest the need for a school-based mentor?
Rewards and consequences appear ineffective
• seeks attention through behavior
• lacks motivation• appears to lack self-esteem
or self-confidence• lacks positive adult
role models• appears to dislike school
The student:
• BASIC Mentoring
1. Focus on “Connections”
• Once per week, 20 minutes
• Positive activity
2. Not monitoring work, behavior, etc.
• INTENSIVE Mentoring (linked to FBA)
1. Focus on Engagement with school AND Goal-setting with a trusted adult..
2. Specific skills identified in FBA, the FBA
– May identify skills, deficits to set goals on and to monitor
– May identify skills to be taught, practiced, and reinforced
– May include more ”intra-personal” skills – self esteem, response to trauma, recognizing emotions
Basic Mentoring Intensive Mentoring (linked to FBA)
1.Focus on connections• Once per week,
20 minutes• Positive activity
1.Focus on engagement with school and goal-setting with a trusted adult
2.Not mentoring work, behavior, etc.
2.Specific skills identified in FBA • May identify skills, deficits to
set goals on and to monitor• May identify skills to be
taught, practiced, and reinforced
• May include more intra-personal skills (self-esteem, response to trauma, recognizing emotions)
Intensive Mentor’s RoleTo provide guidance, support, and encouragement for the student while modeling target skills such as: • effective communication • empathy and concern for others• openness and honesty
Check in with student around student personal goal (academics, behavior, attendance)
Mentor usually has commitment for entire academic year at high tier II (increased frequency, increased duration, and longer chronicity)
Mentoring as a Tier II Individualized Intervention
• Any staff person can be a mentor• Should be voluntary• Match one student per staff person• Mentors agree to spend at least 30 minutes per
week with the student – could be spread out over the week (differentiate basic versus BIP – intensity, duration, chronicity)
• Mentoring is not the same as Check-In/Check-Out
What Mentoring FostersLivonia Public Schools
Information on Mentoring
Student may have negative role modelThe relationship fosters a new way of relating to people
Student may hide feelings and set up barriersThe relationship fosters how to express emotions appropriately
Student may distrust adultsThe relationship fosters trust of caring adults
Determine Program Goals and Objectives
Based on needs of studentsDetermined by team using data and FBAFocus on basic needs
• Academic• Achievement• Behavior• Communication• Attendance• Social skills
Orient Mentors, Students, and Parents
• Before formal process begins• Stakeholders should understand roles
and hold positive expectations• Mentors must be aware of student needs
and characteristics• Determine individual student goals
and outcomes
Monitor Mentoring Process
• Continuous monitoring to determine success using DPR and target skills
• Provide ongoing support for the mentorFormal/informal
• Where• When• How often
Example Daily Progress ReportNAME:______________________ DATE:__________________
Teachers please indicate YES (2), SO-SO (1), or NO (0) regarding the student’s achievement to the following goals.
EXPECTATIONS 1st block 2nd block 3rd block 4th block
Be SafeUse deep breathing
when angry
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be RespectfulSpeak honestly
2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Be Responsible 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0
Total Points
Teacher Initials
Adapted from Grant Middle School STAR CLUB
Develop the system for intensive mentoring or SAIG for your building 1. Who? (intensive mentors; teach intensive SAIG?) 2. How will the students be supported throughout?3. What is the time commitment? 4. How will students be selected and progress monitored? 5. Is there an additional layer of acknowledgement?
Add to multi-leveled action plan
TEAM EXERCISE 6
Tier II and III Tools
Monitoring Advanced Tiers Tool (MATT)• Progress monitoring for tier II and III • Like TIC, should be done 2/year until fidelity at tier
Benchmarks for Advanced Tiers (BAT)• Annual fidelity tool for tier II/III• Done in the spring in addition to BoQ at tier I
Benchmarks for Advanced Tiers• Complete the BAT online to “capture” all your work to date.
• Plan when next assessment of BAT will be done (2x/yr). Plan when next assessment of MATT will be done (1x/qtr).
• BAT window opened by local coordinator
• Teams access using school code
• www.pbisapps.org
TEAM EXERCISE 7
Resources—SAIG• Bully Proofing your School
• Cool Tools: An Active Approach to Social Responsibility
• First Steps to Success
• Good Talking Words
• Second Step Violence-Prevention Curricula
• Stop and Think
• Skillstreaming
• The Social Skills Curriculum
• The Tough Kid Social Skills
• The Walker Social Skills Curriculum: The Accepts Program
Resources—Mentoringwww.mentoringminds.com/ResponsetoIntervention.php
www.emstac.org/registered/topics/posbehavior/early/mentoring.htm
www.mentoring.org/downloads/mentoring_4.pdf
www.pdx.edu/mentoring-research/youth-mentoring
www.beamentor.org
www.beamentor.org/main/mentoringtools/trainingmanuals.asp
www.checkandconnect.umn.edu/
Evaluation Survey
Please use the following link to complete the evaluation survey
http://goo.gl/a37Wa6