The Winston Churchill Memorial trust NRMA - ACT Road ...Peter Jeffs Churchill Fellowship Report 4...

The Winston Churchill Memorial trust

NRMA - ACT Road Safety Trust Fellowship

1997"The Management and Transport of Hazardous

Materials"

Peter Jeffs

Peter Jeffs Churchill Fellowship Report i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To undertake the study tour required a great deal of planning, time and effort. I

would not have been able to undertake and complete the study without help from

many people and organisations. Although I cannot name all the people or

organisations that assisted me, I will take the opportunity to thank a few.

Firstly and most importantly there is my wife Heather, my daughter Katherine and son

John. They were patient, understanding and tolerant during my preparation to go

overseas and when I arrived home and had to write up my report.

I would also like to thank Elvie Munday, (Assistant Executive Officer Churchill

Trust) and Jim Dance (ACT Fire Brigade Fire Commissioner). Both of these

people gave me support and encouragement in the application stage and with

organising the trip once I had received the Fellowship. I must also thank Mike

Cochrane for his assistance during the writing of my application form and help

with preparing my report.

Finally I say thank you to the Trustees of the NRMA- ACT ROAD SAFETY

TRUST for having the foresight to sponsor this fellowship.

Peter Jeffs Churchill Fellowship Report ii Cover: Newspaper headlines from The Canberra Times

INDEX Acknowledgment i Index ii Introduction 1 Canberra 2 The Trip 3 Hong Kong 3 London 4 Glasgow 5 New York 6 Washington 6 Toronto 7 Denver 7 Salt Lake City 8 Portland 9 Seattle 10 Sacramento 11 Definition 12 Routes of Exposure 13 Dangerous Goods Section 16 Legislative Responsibilities 18 ACT Fire Brigade 21 Recommendations 22 Recommendations for Transport of Dangerous Goods

29

Recommendations for Licensed Facilities

39

Recommendations for the use of Household Chemicals

52

Conclusion 58 Appendices Bibliography 61

Fairfax Hazlab Inventory 62 Salt Lake County Hazardous Materials Permit Program

67

Dangerous Goods Application Forms

79

Other Agencies 81 Dangerous Substances 1 84

Peter Jeffs Churchill Fellowship Report 4

INTRODUCTION

I was awarded the inaugural NRMA - ACT Road Safety Trust Fellowship in June 1996.

The purpose of the fellowship was to travel to the UK, USA, and Canada to study

hazardous materials. The aspects of hazardous materials I was interested in studying was

the management and transport as well as the procedures that are in place to prevent and or

minimise the impact of hazardous materials incidents. I was also interested to observe

what procedures and techniques other Fire Brigades were using in combating hazardous

materials incidents

Therefore the main focus of the study was to look at transport, storage and handling of

hazardous materials that are relevant to government, industry, the householder and the

Fire Brigade in the ACT. The method of transport of hazardous materials that I was

interested in was road transport, as this is the primary method of moving goods in and out

of Canberra.

There are also other materials such as milk, diesel and cement dust that are not classified

as a dangerous good but, if involved in a large scale spill could result in an environmental

problem. The Fire Brigade would be required to attend to such incidents because of the

training and equipment they have to handle hazardous materials incidents.

With this in mind I set an itinerary that would provide a mix of larger cities as well as

communities that are similar in size to Canberra. I did not have the intention of looking at

large chemical or manufacturing industries.


CANBERRA

Canberra is the national capital and as such has a high concentration of Government

administration. Approximately 300, 000 people live in Canberra. The city is surrounded

by its own territory, the Australian Capital Territory, which in turn is surrounded by New

South Wales. Canberra was built on the banks of the Molonglo River and on the western

fringe of the city is the Murrumbidgee River. Canberra is accessed by road via four main

highways, The Federal (to Sydney) The Barton (to Yass and Melbourne) The Monaro

(Cooma and snowfields) and the Kings Highway (Batemans Bay and the coast)

The potential for hazardous materials incidents in Canberra is from both transport

accidents and the large quantity of light and commercial industry that make up a

significant portion of Canberra’s economy. There are four universities, three hospitals,

infrastructure facilities, printers, water treatment facilities, and agricultural outlets. Etc.


THE TRIP

The following is a brief guide as to where I visited and what I saw.

The Fire Brigades and government departments I visited overseas were very friendly and

extremely helpful. The cities I visited whilst on my fellowship were; Hong Kong,

London, Glasgow, New York, Washington, Toronto, Denver, Peublo, Salt Lake City,

Portland, Seattle and Sacramento.

HONG KONG

I arrived in Hong Kong a few days after the handover to mainland China and was hosted

by the Fire Brigade. Much of their training and structure has been heavily influenced by

the British Fire Service. My first stop was with the Fire Prevention Department, where I

was given a briefing as to the work the Fire Department performs. Over the next few

days I visited the EPA and The Dangerous Goods Licensing and Building Inspections

Sections.

The various departments seemed to work well together in ensuring that hazardous

materials were both controlled and their use monitored.

I also visited a state of the art storage facility at the Hong Kong University and a

compound at the rear of one of the main fire stations. The compound was used to store

Hazardous Substances that had been impounded by the Fire Brigade. The chemical store

at the Fire Station had air monitoring equipment and a CO2 fire extinguishing system.

Truck Transporting fuel in drums in central Hong

Kong


I toured Enviropace, a state of the art chemical treatment facility jointly owned by Pacific

Waste Management, CITIC Pacific Limited and Kin Ching Besser Co., Ltd. The facility

had the ability to treat such chemical wastes as;

Acids and alkalis

Solvents (halogenated and non-halogenated)

Cyanides and sulfides

Heavy metal bearing waste

Waste lubricants

LONDON I had been communicating with a number of people in London prior to my arrival. These

were Mr Tony Cook of the Road Haulage Association, Mr Tony Slatter from the Ministry

of Transport, Dangerous Goods Section and Mr Dennis Rankine from the London Fire

Brigade.

Mr Slatter showed me over their legislation in relation to Dangerous Goods. He

discussed the proposal and work that had gone into developing the Dangerous Goods

Safety Adviser programme. He took me to the Chemical Industry Association and to the

Health and Safety Executive.

Mr Cook took me to the P&O facility at Tilbury Docks. There I met with Mr Frank

Hesketh the manager of the Quality Assurance systems for P&O. He showed me over

their depot and I was particularly impressed with their tracking system for containers and

drivers.

Mr Rankine gave me a tour of their Headquarters and control room. We visited one of

their training facilities and I was also introduced to Mr Mike Johnson of Stennar Pty Ltd.

Stennar provide scientific support for the Fire Brigade at hazmat incidents. I also visited

Station Officer M.J. Eagle of the chemical section of the London Fire Brigade. He and

his staff worked on training procedures and developing their own chemical database.

Whilst in London I also visited Morteon in Marsh and AEA industries. Moreton in Marsh

is the UK Fire Service College. This facility is built on what was once a wartime airforce


base. It has the capability to train and test for any type of incident a firefighter would be

exposed to. Their courses were targeted at the officer rank

The AEA facility is where CHEMDATA is developed and produced. CHEMDATA is

the chemical retrieval database used by most Fire Brigades in Australia.

GLASGOW

In Glasgow I stayed with Deputy Firemaster Geoff Williams. He arranged for me to visit

the Strathclyde Fire Brigade, the BP Oil Grangemouth Refinery Limited. I also visited

the EPA and one of their dumpsites for contaminated waste.

I toured a waste recovery facility in Glasgow where they take in acids, neutralise them to

form water, salts and sludge. This facility was very simple compared to the one that I

visited in Hong Kong

The Strathclyde Fire Brigade has a dedicated hazmat crew. In the event of a

hazardous materials incident there is a command centre specifically set up to handle

emergencies. The centre has its own communications network as well as an extensive

database and library.

I visited the Central Scotland Fire Brigade and was shown their headquarters and training

facility. They had recently purchased a new command vehicle that would be used at both

fires and hazardous materials incidents. They also employ staff to transpose building

plans to a database. This information can be used to overlay utility plans and to assist at

emergencies in building features. The database will show storage facilities, electrical

shutoffs, access, water supplies and chemical stores etc.


NEW YORK

In New York I visited the Fire Department training centre. There I observed two new

pieces of hazmat equipment. The first was a flash suit to be worn when there is a

possibility of a flash fire. It was not designed for sustained fire. The other was a product

called Biosolve, which is used to decontaminate chemical suits. In New York they also

use disposable chemical suits. These suits cost around $600 compared to the normal

$3000. I was also shown over their Hazmat vehicle, which was fully self contained, with

a library, gas and chemical detectors, chemical suits etc.

WASHINGTON (DC) In Washington my main contact was Battalion Chief Mike Neuhard of the Fairfax County

Fire and Rescue Service. Chief Neuhard was the officer in charge of the Hazardous

Materials and Investigative Services Section, which is responsible for the approvals,

planning, inspections and investigations in relation to hazardous materials

The Fairfax County Fire Department serves the outlying regions of Washington city with

a population of 900,000 people. The fire department has thirty-four stations and 1,100

firefighters with one dedicated Hazmat crew. The hazmat vehicles were the best

equipped vehicles I saw on my trip. There were two vehicles that traveled together, one

was a mobile laboratory / breathing apparatus and equipment storage vehicle whilst the

other vehicle carried absorbents and clean up gear. Inventories are attached (Appendix1)

Fairfax has had a close link with the management of hazardous materials through their

previous chief Warren Isman who was co-author of

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, (Isman / Carlson 1980) one of the first books to address

hazardous materials from a fire department perspective.

Fairfax is crossed by the highways Interstate 1 and Interstate 66. Like all major cities,

Fairfax County has a Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) that develops

contingency plans for hazardous materials incidents. The LEPC works with all the

agencies that would be involved with responding and cleaning up hazardous materials

incidents

Whilst staying in Fairfax I visited Chemtrec, the US Department of Transport, some

storage facilities and Arlington Fire Department. I attended a Local Emergency Planning

Committee meeting and spent a day at the training section.


The major theme in training I observed was to do with counter terrorist activities. There

was an atmosphere of “when it happens” not “if it happens.”

TORONTO The Toronto part of the trip was not well organised, even though I did write to a number

of agencies on numerous occasions. I visited their main Hazmat station and spent time

going over their vehicle and talking to the operational staff. One of the interesting points

I found here was the requirement for firefighters to have a medical clearance to wear

chemical suits. Before entering a contaminated atmosphere the firefighters wearing

chemical suits have their blood pressure and pulse taken to ensure that they are right to

wear and work in the suits.

DENVER

In Denver I spent most of my time with the Hazardous Materials Section of the Colorado

State Highway Patrol. This section is responsible for checking any vehicles traveling

along the highways. They can detain any vehicle and do a mechanical check on the

vehicle as well as checking paper work in relation to the load and traveling times.

The Hazardous Materials Section also has the role of attending to and cleaning up

hazardous materials incidents.

Whilst in Denver I traveled to Peublo to the Transport Training Center (TTC). The center

is housed on a fifty-two square mile site. The site is used by the American Association of

Railroads to test new design and improvements to rail transport. There are also specialist

response courses for rail and road tanker accidents.

The TTC has numerous props for Hazmat training. The props have been purchased after

major Hazmat accidents and then set up on site in the same situation as first responders

found them.


SALT LAKE COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT

In Salt Lake I spent most of my time with the Fire Marshals office observing how they

monitor and enforce their hazardous materials legislation. The operational firefighters

carry out annual inspections of all the premises in their station area. They take with them

an aide memoir with abbreviated building codes. In the event that they find a building

that does not comply with the building code for which it is licensed then the Fire Marshals

office is notified. The Fire Marshall will send out an inspector to look at the building.

I was impressed with the approach and attitude of the hazardous materials inspectors.

They did not take a regulatory enforcement approach but rather a (let us work together

and try and solve your problem ). Although this approach meant numerous visits to a site,

they did not want any businesses to have to close. A copy of their paper work is attached

(Appendix 2)

I also spent time looking at their emergency plans for the area. Salt Lake is in an active

earthquake area with the Wasatch Fault forming one of the boundaries to the city. They

have quite extensive emergency plans to cope with an earthquake and also quite a

comprehensive USAR capability.

Decanting during simulated tanker rollover at TTC


I visited the Chemical Storage Depot at Toole and the Emergency Operations Centre

designed to cope with any accidents. Toole is a full scale disposal plant constructed to

destroy the chemical agent stockpile at the site.

I also visited the Utah University Hospital. They have standard operating procedures in

place to deal with chemical emergencies. They had an extensive library, a

decontamination room and underground tanks to catch contaminated runoff

PORTLAND My contact in Portland (Oregon) was inspector Bill Bench of the fire prevention section

in the Fire Marshals office. In Portland the operational crews carry out building

inspections in their area. They take an aide memoir plus a hard copy drawing of the

building. If there are any changes to what is on the hard copy they make a note and adjust

their plans on return to station. They use a computer aided drawing package to ensure

such information as gas shutoffs, water supply, chemical storage and electrical shutoffs

are up to date. The programme they were using was called Fire zone.

I also visited a chlorine manufacturing plant, the Department of Transport (DOT)

headquarters, the training section and the hazmat station. On arrival at the hazmat station

the officer in charge gave me a run down on illegal drug laboratories (he had just spent

the night with police cleaning one up). Clandestine drug laboratories were a problem for

all fire departments

At the DOT I was introduced to Mr Michael Eyer a Hazmat specialist with the Oregon

Department of Transport. The DOT were in the process of promoting a “no zone”

campaign to enlighten all road users of special precautions that need to be taken when

traveling near large vehicles. The DOT also enforces and monitors the drug testing of

drivers and vehicle testing.

Mr Eyer told me of a new computer based tracking system for monitoring truck locations,

speeds and weights. This would be done by remote highway sensors monitoring vehicles

and sending information back to a central computer. When I was visiting the system was

just being trialled.


SEATTLE

My contacts in Seattle were Mr Rich Tokarzewski and Lieutenant Ken Schroeder. Mr

Tokarzewski is the program coordinator for the King County Office of Emergency

Management. Lieutenant Schroeder is a Lieutenant in the office of the Fire Marshal.

I visited the University of Washington to see how they monitor and. They have a data

base of Hazardous Substances that are in each building. The database contains Materials

Safety Data Sheets and quantities of dangerous goods. The university also has a recycling

program to minimise waste and costs.

I attended a major drill that involved an oil spill in a loch used by salmon. The drill was

part of the testing procedures for the Local Emergency Planning Committee

I also spent time with the Department of Ecology, who have a role in drawing up

legislation and enforcement.

The Department of Ecology promotes the Interagency Regulatory Analysis Committee.

This committee meets to ensure that all agencies have an understanding of each others

legislation and roles in government. IRAC produces a contact directory that encompasses

all aspects of ecology from air quality, to hazardous materials to contaminated soil issues.

(The directory lists the names of people, their contact number and position in Ecology )


SACRAMENTO

In Sacramento my main contacts were Divisional Chief Jan Dunbar and Ms. Janis Heple.

Chief Dunbar is in charge of the hazardous materials program for the Sacramento Fire

Department. Ms Heple works at the University of California, Davis Extension and has

been involved with the management of hazardous materials in various areas for a number

of years

Sacramento has three multi purpose hazmat response vehicles and a dedicated

decontamination unit

Besides performing the duties of both truck and engine companies, the hazmat teams also

respond to hazardous materials incidents. All members of the hazmat teams are trained in

accordance with N.F.P.A. and C.S.T.I. standards. Three of the units serve, as multi-

purpose hazmat response while the fourth is a decontamination unit.

With the exception of the decontamination, team, all units are equipped with state-of-the-

art chemical protective clothing and chemical detection devices. While the teams do not

provide clean up of hazardous materials, their primary duties are to rescue persons at

hazmat incidents, and to stabilise such incidents. Through contractual agreements, the

teams provide emergency response to hazardous materials incidents.

One of the most interesting events that occurred whilst I was in Sacramento was a

chemical dumping. Four, two hundred litre unmarked drums were dumped on the edge of

a railway line. These drums were then the responsibility of the rail company. The hazmat

crew arrived and set about identifying the contents. They used Hazcat, a large chemistry

set that will allow the user to identify the contents by a process of elimination. It took

about two hours to identify the substances in the drums.


WHAT ARE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND HOW DO THEY HARM US ?

The term 'hazardous material' is one, which has evolved as a generic term to encompass

dangerous goods and hazardous substances.

The formal definitions for dangerous goods and hazardous substances are:

Dangerous Goods are substances which are either specifically listed in the Australian

Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code, or meet the classification criteria of the ADG Code.

Hazardous substances mean substances which are listed in the National

Occupational Health and Safety Commission's List of Designated Hazardous

Substances [NOHSC: 10005 (1994)]

- or have been classified as hazardous substances by the manufacturer or importer, in

accordance with the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission's

Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances [NOHSC: 1008 (1994)]

In short, dangerous goods are materials and articles that are considered to present, in

most cases, an immediate risk to people, property and/or the environment if they are not

properly controlled during handling, transportation or storage. The risks are described in

terms of the nine classes in the ADG Code.

Hazardous substances are materials, which can adversely affect your health. Health

effects may be acute where they are felt after a short exposure (such as death after

inhaling cyanide for a few minutes) or chronic where they are incurred after a prolonged

exposure (such as lung disease after decades of breathing fibrogenic dusts). The terms

acute and chronic refer specifically to health effects and not issues of risk.

Many materials are both dangerous goods and hazardous substances, particularly where

they can affect people in the short term.

The legislative definition of hazardous substances may vary from the Worksafe

definition. For example, in the Queensland Workplace Health and Safety Act the

definition also includes substances with an Exposure Standard.

Fire Brigades use the term 'hazardous material' to refer to any material which, without

adequate safeguards, may contaminate the environment and/or threaten life or property.

It includes all dangerous goods, hazardous substances, scheduled poisons, environmental

pollutants and listed wastes. (Hazardous Materials 1. AFAC. Longman 97 Pg.12)


ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

Hazardous Materials can enter the body in any of five ways called routes of entry. They are;

• Inhalation

• Absorption

• Eye

• Ingestion

• Injection

Some victims become exposed by only a single route. For example a worker may splash

acid on his skin but not suffer eye contact or inhalation exposure. In other cases,

exposures involve two or more routes. Victims exposed to high concentrations of

irritating gases, such as ammonia and chlorine, can suffer injury as a result of skin

contact, eye contact, and inhalation.

Inhalation

Inhalation of immediately harmful quantities of hazardous chemicals can result from

industrial accidents, transportation accidents, and fires. Smoke inhalation is a commonly

encountered type of toxic exposure. Similar injury can result from exposure to a wide

assortment of toxic gases, mists, and dusts.

Absorption

Toxic skin exposure can result from liquids that splash or spill as well as contact with

gases, mists and dusts. Reactive hazardous materials such as strong acids and alkali can

cause rapid injury (through the skin or eye) that is immediately obvious. Many chemicals

can be absorbed through the skin and cause systemic poisoning which can be fatal to

victims after only a tiny amount is absorbed. Such chemicals may only cause a minor

amount of skin damage.

Eye The eye is extremely sensitive to the effects of chemicals. The most dangerous injuries

result from reactive chemicals that splash into the eye. Such exposures to concentrated

alkalis or acids can rapidly lead to blindness. Irritant gases can also cause severe eye

injuries. In general, gases that cause inhalation injury also damage the eye. Ocular

toxicity can occur, however, at air concentrations too low to cause significant lung

damage.


It is rarely possible to judge the severity of a chemical eye injury until 24 or more hours

after exposure. At first, few differences exist between the appearance of a mildly

damaged eye and one that has suffered devastating exposure. Because the eyes are so

sensitive and can quickly suffer damage, prompt recognition of exposure is important.

Following splashes to the face or exposure to irritating gases, victims should be managed

as though eye exposure had occurred

Ingestion

Most toxic chemicals cause serious injury when swallowed. Severe burns of the mouth,

esophagus, and stomach can result from many ingested chemicals. Ab sorption of others

can lead to systemic poisoning. Because larger quantities of chemicals can be swallowed

than are absorbed from the lungs or skin, ingestion poisonings are often severer than other

exposures.

Emergency response personnel risk ingestion exposure when they fail to undergo proper

decontamination. For example, if a rescuer eats food or smokes a cigarette while his or

her hands are still contaminated, then it is likely that the contaminant will be carried into

the rescuer mouth and swallowed

Injection

The most familiar example of injection is that of shots given to administer medicine in

which the skin is punctured with needles so that a substance can enter the body. Injection

can also occur accidentally. For example if the skin were cut by a contaminated metal

can or a piece of glass that had been in contact with a contaminant, the contaminated

substance could be injected into the body.

This is a very powerful means of exposure because the contaminant enters the

bloodstream immediately.


ROUTES OF EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINATION

(HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: A CITIZEN’ ORIENTATION, FEMA 1990, Pg 1-4)


DANGEROUS GOODS IN THE ACT

In the ACT, The Dangerous Goods Section of the Emergency Services Bureau is the

licensing and regulatory body that monitors and enforces the Dangerous Goods

Legislation. As of March 98 there were 557 Licences issued.

To Carry Dangerous Goods Explosives

LPG Flammable Liquids

Total 217 Licences to keep Dangerous Goods

Service Stations Restaurants Industrial Commercial Domestic Bulk Depot

78 2 110 128 11 11

Total 340

Some of the above licenses

Include

Explosive Magazines Fire Stations Embassies Parliament House Hospitals Churches Recycling Depot Abattoir Demolition Site Clubs Golf Clubs Schools/Colleges Universities

As a general rule any vehicle or storage facility that exceeds the quantities shown on the

following page must have a license and display a Dangerous Goods Class Label. However,

a major problem to monitor is the person who may have a two hundred litre drum of racing

fuel or use their residential premises to store commercial quantities of dangerous goods

such as pool chlorine, fertilisers or fire works.

(Dangerous Goods Application Forms Appendix 3)


Notices to be exhibited at depots

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Class or description of dangerous goods Exemption quantity Notice to be exhibited

Class 1.1, Category B ..................................... 110 Detonators. Class 1.1, Category D..................................... 2.5 kg Explosives. Class 1.2 ........................................................... 2.5 kg Explosives. Class 1.3 ........................................................... 2.5 kg Explosives. Class 1.5 ........................................................... 2.5 kg Explosives. Class 2.1, if liquefied other than

unodorised liquefied petroleum gas. 300 kg Danger No Smoking. Keep fire Away.

Class 2.1, being unodorised liquefied petroleum gas.

300 kg Danger No Smoking. Keep fire Away. Unodorised LP Gas.

Class 2.1, if not liquefied ............................... 60 cu m Danger No Smoking. Keep Fire Away. Class 2.2, being a cryogenic liquid other

than oxygen. 300 cu m Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the gas). Class 2.2, being liquid oxygen ...................... 300 cu m Danger No Smoking. Liquid Oxygen. Class 2.3, if liquefied ...................................... 50 kg Danger No Smoking. Poison Gas or

Danger No Smoking (together with the name of the gas).

Class 2.3, if not liquefied ............................... 20 cu m Danger No Smoking. Poison Gas or Danger No Smoking (together with the name of the gas).

Class 3.1 ........................................................... 100 L Danger No Smoking. Keep Fire Away. Class 3.2 ........................................................... 1000 L Danger No Smoking. Keep Fire Away. Class 4.1, Category A .................................... 25 kg Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the goods). Class 4.1, Category B ..................................... 50 kg Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the goods). Class 4.1, Category C ..................................... 250 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 4.1, Category D .................................... 1000 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 4.2, Category A .................................... 100 kg Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the goods). Class 4.3, Category A .................................... 50 kg Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the goods). Class 4.3, Category B ..................................... 200 kg Danger No Smoking (together with the

name of the goods). Class 5.1, Category A .................................... 25 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 5.1, Category B ..................................... 100 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 5.1, Category C ..................................... 500 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 5.1, Category D .................................... 5000 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 5.2, Category A .................................... 10 kg Danger No Smoking. Flammable. Class 5.2, Category B ..................................... 20 kg Danger No Smoking. Flammable. Class 6.1 ........................................................... 1000 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 6.2 ........................................................... 1000 kg Danger No Smoking. Class 8, being acetyl or propionyl chloride.. 100 L Danger No Smoking. Class 8, except acetyl or propionyl

chloride. 1000 L Danger No Smoking.

Shopgoods fireworks .................................... 1 tonne Danger No Smoking. Fireworks. Keep Fire Away.


LEGISLATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES

The transport of dangerous goods in the ACT (like the rest of Australia) is governed by

the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (ADG

Code). The ADG Code does not cover Class 1 Dangerous Goods (explosives). These

are covered by the Australian Code for the Transport of Explosives by Road and Rail

(known as the Australian Explosives Code).

The ACT has Acts and regulations which impact on or are affected by the Transport,

Storage and Handling of hazardous materials. These are:

Dept. of Health and Community Care- Health Care Act 1993 Australian Capital Territory Planning Act- Land (Planning and Environment) Act 1991 Dept. Of Urban Services (Office of the Environment)-Pesticides Act 1989 Dept. Of Urban Services (Office of the Environment)- Water Pollution Act 1984 Dept. Of Urban Services (Office of the Environment)- Air Pollution Act 1984 Dept. Of Urban Services- Dangerous Goods Act 1984 Dept. Of Urban Services- Clinical Waste Act 1988 ACTEW Corporation- Electricity and Water Act 1988

Chief Minister’s Dept.- Occupational Health and Safety Act 1989


In addition, several national and international agreements on hazardous material

management affect hazardous material management in the Australian Capital Territory

and have force of law through Commonwealth legislation including the following:

Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1992 Ozone Protection Act 1989 Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989

The ACT Fire Brigade's powers to respond to hazardous materials incidents are

outlined in the following:

The ACT Hazardous Materials Spillages Sub-Plan, November 1993

The Fire Brigades Act 1957, Section 7, Powers and Functions of the Chief Officer and Other Persons at Fires

The Fire Brigade Regulations, Section 5B

Under the ACT Hazardous Material Spillages Sub-Plan, the ACT Fire Brigade is the

combatant authority at incidents involving hazardous materials within the ACT. This

Sub-Plan supports the ACT Emergency Management Plan and explains the

responsibilities of departments, authorities and organisations in the event of an emergency

involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods in the ACT.

The ACT Fire Brigade, (after consultation with specialists) is responsible for the

coordination, control and containment of hazardous materials emergencies within an

area designated as an Inner Perimeter.

(Other agencies with a role in the Hazardous Materials Sub-Plan are found in

Appendix 4)


Tanker roll over on Belconnen Way

1990


ACT FIRE BRIGADE

The ACT Fire Brigade is the agency that is responsible for the containment, clean up and

ultimate disposal to landfill of any products involved in a Hazmat incident. The Fire

Brigade had its first major hazardous materials (hazmat) incident on the Federal Highway

in 1982. A truck carrying a mixed load jackknifed on the highway and caught fire. After

the incident it was discovered that the truck was carrying dog food as well as 6 by two

hundred litre drums of chemicals. After investigation it was determined that the markings

which were in Italian indicated that the contents of the drums was Toluene Di Isocyanite

(TDI). As a result of the fire and contamination 60 people ended up in hospital for

observation.

There are nine Fire Stations strategically located throughout the ACT which are staffed

twenty four hours a day by professional firefighters. There is a specialised hazmat

vehicle located at Phillip Fire Station that transports all the necessary equipment to

contain and clean up a spill. The staff at Phillip Fire Station provides a degree of

expertise in the management of hazmat incidents, however their main function at a

hazmat incident is to provide decontamination for equipment and personnel.

On each pumping appliance there are two Trelleborg gas tight chemical suits as well as

two splash suits. The personnel on the appliances have all received training in the

handling of hazardous materials incidents. They are currently being trained by the staff at

Phillip Fire Station in the management of hazmat incidents using AFAC module 2.16

Dangerous Substances (Appendix 5.) as the curriculum.


ACT FIRE BRIGADE

RECOMMENDATIONS There are numerous agencies in Canberra that have a legitimate role in the management

of hazardous materials. These roles include the transport, storage, and handling of

hazardous materials as well as occupational health and safety requirements, training of

staff and the eventual safe disposal of materials.

In the event of a hazmat incident there are even more stakeholders involved. At the

moment the overall administration of hazardous materials even when there is a chemical

spill is very fragmented. It is unusual for all the stakeholders to come together and share

information, ideas or discuss future needs.

1.1 The Fire Brigade should take a more proactive role in the management of

hazardous materials in the ACT.

The Fire Brigade is in a position to coordinate a forum to identify and address issues of

regulatory anomalies and to develop better coordination between regulatory departments.

The forum could be used to exchange ideas and address the mutual concerns of different

departments eg. site plans, inspections, OH&S requirements and advice to business and

the general community.

1.2 The ESB / Fire Brigade as the major stakeholder should be reviewing the

Hazardous Materials Sub Plan to ensure that all agencies can deliver the

expertise and resources that were committed a number of years ago. This plan

has not been reviewed or thoroughly tested since its inception.

The Hazmat Sub-Plan should:

• Assign responsibility to organizations and individuals for carrying out specific

actions at projected times and places in an emergency that exceeds the

capability or routine responsibility of any one agency, e.g., the Fire Brigade.


• Set forth lines of authority and organizational relationships, and show how all

actions will be coordinated.

• Describe how people and property will be protected in emergencies and

disasters.

• Identify personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and other resources

available--within the ACT or by agreement with NSW--for use during response

and recovery operations.

• Identify steps to address mitigation concerns during response and recovery

activities.

1.3 The ESB / Fire Brigade should review its current use of information technology

with a view to developing an integrated approach to the sharing of information

within the organisation.

The ESB / Fire Brigade should develop a more holistic approach to how information is

collected, stored and shared between the various sections. Currently within the

organisations there are four separate sections of the organisation that have a role in

gathering hazardous materials information.

ACT Fire Brigade Hazmat Van


The sections of the Fire Brigade / ESB that collect information on hazardous materials

are:

Operations

Fire Safety

Dangerous Goods Section (currently moving to ACT Workcover)

Communications Section

These sections do not have the ability, albeit with all the best of intentions to easily share

with each other data in relation to hazardous materials. For example, in the event of a fire

in a panel beating shop in Fyshwick the Communications Section cannot access the Fire

Prevention computer for information on the building nor can they access the Dangerous

Goods Section for information on what chemicals are on site.

1.4 The Operations Section of the Fire Brigade carry out risk assessment and

develop contingency plans in conjunction with building owners and occupants,

commencing with those buildings that are licensed to store hazardous materials.

A training package would have to be developed so that operational staff understood what

was required as regard to risk assessment and contingency plans. When performing a

risk assessment the Brigade would have to look at such issues as:

Type of occupancy

Nature of risks

Exposures

Likelihood of a hazmat incident

Possible impact of a hazmat incident

In developing a Contingency Plan for a site the Brigade would have to take into account:

Resources required to control the incident

Assistance available from other organisations

Mutual aid agreements


1.5 The Fire Brigade should purchase a Computer Aided Drawing package with

which information can be added to a sketch. The information should then be

downloaded to the Communication Computer. The pre fire plans would include,

access points, water supplies, gas shut off, chemical stores, contact names etc.

There are various methods that could be utilised to achieve this outcome. I would suggest

that fire crews would need to carry out an annual visit to facilities in their area that are

licensed to store Hazardous Materials. They take with them a drawing of the building and

fill in or update the sketch as required. On return to station the updated data is transferred

to the Communications Database. The information can then be stored on the appliance as

a hard copy and the District Officer’s lap top computer would have regular updates of

information. In the event of an incident the information can be accessed via a hard copy,

the District Officer or relayed over the radio network


1.6 The crews whilst doing the risk assessment and pre-fire plans should ensure the

building usage complies with the certificate of occupancy.

An Aide Memoir could be produced to assist crews in ensuring buildings comply with

their occupancy certificate. If there is a question of compliance, the Fire Safety Section

could be asked to attend.

1.7 The forms used by the Dangerous Goods Section should be reviewed so that the

applicant supplies more information.

A pre -inspection checklist could be sent to the occupants of the buildings to be

inspected.

The application form should

Provide a site plan

List special land uses within one kilometre

Provide floor plan of storage area

Show access to storage

Location of emergency equipment

List location and quantities of Dangerous Goods

Provide emergency contacts

(See Appendix 2)

1.8 The current Fire Brigade training should be re evaluated to ensure that it meets

future trends in hazmat incident probabilities

The current training uses AFAC Module 2.16 Hazardous Materials as its principal

training guide. One of the more significant concerns I observed in the United States is the

possibility of terrorist attacks. With the 2000 Olympics to be held in Sydney and some

events being held in Canberra the Brigade should investigate specialist-training

requirements. The Brigade also needs to integrate Urban Search and Rescue training with

that of hazmat training.


The Brigade should source companies that have specialised training in road and rail

tanker roll over. These companies could assist in developing a training package in

vehicle construction, valve assemblies, leakage and decanting

The Brigade needs to identify the high-risk users of Dangerous Goods in the ACT and

develop contingency plans with those organisations, as well as train with them in

simulated chemical emergencies. Such users are the Australian National University,

CSIRO, Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Center and the various hospitals.

1.10 The Brigade should consider establishing training programs for health

workers. This includes ambulance as well as hospital emergency staff. In

establishing a training programme the Brigade should also establish protocols

with the hospital in the event of the hospital having to cope with a mass

contamination.


Many Brigades in the United States have overcome this issue by developing training

programs and by working closely with hospitals. The hospital staff and ambulance

personnel should be trained in identification of chemicals, wearing breathing apparatus,

emergency decontamination and transport of hazmat casualties

1.11 The Brigade should investigate measures for ensuring that responders to an

emergency have access to accurate information as to handling hazmat incidents

These measures include having quick access to an industrial chemist who will attend

incidents and provide professional advice.

The Brigade needs to purchase a comprehensive library on chemicals as well as having an

on board computer and fax on the hazmat van.


RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF

DANGEROUS GOODS BY ROAD

Canberra has four main highways through which goods, including chemicals are

transported. These are the; Federal, Barton, Kings and Monaro Highways. Most of the

goods that are shipped into Canberra come in on the Barton highway from Melbourne or

on the Federal Highway from Sydney.

Those goods that are not delivered directly to customers are delivered to one of the major

industrial estates in Canberra or Queanbeyan. The industrial estates are Mitchell,

Fyshwick, Queanbeyan and Hume. (There are various routes that allow drivers to deliver

their goods, the delivery of the goods does often involve traveling through heavily

populated areas at peak times.)

There have been in recent years a number of accidents involving vehicles transporting

both petrol and LPG within the ACT. These have included:

Goods vehicle carrying TDI, Barton Highway 1982

Gas tanker roll over on Belconnen Way , 1990

Fuel tanker roll over Brooks Creek , 1992 (ACT border)

Petrol tanker roll over Mitchell , 1995

Gas tanker roll over Duntroon , 1997

We have been fortunate that none of these accidents has resulted in the loads being spilt

from the vehicles in the ACT.

The recommendations I am making are primarily for vehicles that carry goods that are

classified as Dangerous Goods or are hazardous to the environment, however many of the

recommendations are also relevant to general haulage vehicles.


2.1 Transport

operators who operate vehicles that are licensed to transport Dangerous Goods

and other materials that could be dangerous to the environment, be required to

have emergency plans in place in the event of an incident.

Other vehicles would include vehicles that carry diesel fuel, milk, powdered cement,

bitumen etc.

The Emergency Plan should be easily accessible to staff or to the Fire Brigade if required.

The plan should be tested to ensure it is feasible and that all those who have a supporting

role can meet their obligations. The Plan should include;

Emergency contacts

Material Safety Data Sheets

Mutual Aid Agreements

Emergency procedures

Notifications

Emergency response

Breakdown and recovery specialists

Vehicle fire on Barton Highway 1984


Fully laden BP tanker roll over Mitchell 1995


2.2 The Government should initiate a study on the transport routes that are used by

operators and investigate whether they pose an acceptable risk to Canberra.

The delivery of goods by large transport vehicles, particularly fuel is common throughout

Canberra. A study should be undertaken to assess the risk involved in this transportation.

Issues that need to be addressed would include;

• Frequency of vehicles delivering dangerous goods

• Probability of there being an accident

• Consequences of a release of hazardous materials in the event of an accident

• What facilities are adjacent to these routes i.e.

• Schools

• Hospitals

• Shopping Centres

• Government utilities

• What impact would alternative routes have economically to the transport

operator and the consignee of the goods

• Should some vehicles currently delivering goods in densely populated areas or

in peak traffic times be required to deliver their goods late at night

2.3 Transport operators should investigate the feasibility of introducing drug and

alcohol testing.

This recommendation could be difficult to implement due to the requirements of privacy

laws and unfair dismissal laws. If a driver were found to have a problem with drugs or

alcohol then the employer may have to introduce counseling as well as an Employee

Assistance Program


2.4 The relevant authorities in the ACT Government should develop a programme

for randomly inspecting all vehicles used in either general haulage or transport

of Dangerous Goods

The checking of vehicles should be carried out to ensure that the vehicles meet both

roadworthiness requirements and that if the vehicle is transporting Dangerous Goods it is

licensed to do so. I would suggest the checking of all vehicles, as one of the last major

Hazmat Incidents I attended involved an unlicensed (to transport Dangerous Goods)

general contractor spilling an Intermediate Bulk Container of highly flammable resin.

The vehicles should have a sticker attached to their windscreen adjacent to the registration

sticker. This would indicate when the vehicle was last inspected.

Sticker from the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance in Oregon indicating when

the vehicle was last randomly inspected


2.5 When vehicles that are used for the transport of bulk liquids are inspected for

their registration they should be required to be permanently labeled to designate

their primary use.

Many vehicles transporting fuel in Canberra only have Emergency Information Panels

and class labels to identify what they are carrying. At the same time most vehicles

transporting bulk milk and water do not have markings to indicate what they are carrying.

In the event of an incident involving these vehicles quick identification of the vehicle

contents will assist emergency responders in the development of their strategies to combat

a possible dangerous situation.

Alternatively those vehicles that are transporting materials that could be considered an

environmental hazard could use a label to indicate such.


2.6 Operators of vehicles that transport Dangerous Goods and vehicles that

transport goods that could be environmentally harmful should supply a Drivers

Handbook to the drivers.

The Handbook would cover such information as:

Route to be taken

Black spots on route

Designated rest breaks

Loading and unloading requirements

Vehicle checks

Health and safety

Legal requirements

Spillages

Emergency contacts etc.

2.7 Operators of vehicles that transport Dangerous Goods and vehicles that

transport goods that could be environmentally harmful should have an on site

Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser.

The role of this person would be to ensure that all staff at a depot, including drivers are

aware of safety requirements and that the safety requirements are adhered to. I would

expect that the Safety Adviser role would be an extra duty of someone already working

with the company. At the moment I am not aware of a course that would meet the

requirements to be a Safety Adviser however Industry Associations in conjunction with

TAFE colleges would be able to develop the concept.

2.8 The current driver training programme should be evaluated by the

authorities that monitor the programme.

Discussions with industry sources indicate that some drivers attend the courses and when

they arrive back at the company they appear not to know what they were sent off to learn.

The training programme could be evaluated by having a mail out to the operations

supervisors of transport companies.


2.9 The Federal Government should develop and deliver an advertising campaign

that highlights the dangers of driving to close to heavy vehicles.

A no zone campaign would highlight the danger areas around a truck. The danger areas

include:

Passing,

Backing Up

Rear blindspots

Side blindspots

Wide turns


Getting a Handle On How to Safely Share the Road With Trucks A Crash Course in Driving Around Trucks There’s good news and bad news about highway safety concerning cars and big trucks. First the bad news: • more than 250,000 crashes involving at least one passenger car and one large truck happen

each year. • In more than 700/o of all fatal crashes involving autos and big trucks, police report that the

auto driver rather than the truck driver contributed to the cause of the crash. • Most crashes involving automobiles and trucks occur in daylight on straight and dry

pavement under good weather conditions. • Because trucks are so much bigger and heavier than cars, the driver of the car, not the truck,

is killed in a fatal car-truck collision four out of five times. Now, the good news: Many of these crashes could be avoided if motorists knew about truck limitations and how to steer clear of unsafe situations involving trucks. That’s exactly what this brochure is designed to do - help you understand the differences between cars and trucks so you can improve your road sharing skills and help reduce car truck crashes. Remember, Trucks Don’t Drive Like Cars Seems obvious, doesn’t it? But the fact is that while most people realize that it’s more difficult to drive a truck than a car, many don’t know exactly what a truck’s limitations are in terms of maneuverability, stopping distances, and blind spots. So here’s a handy rule of thumb- Generally speaking, the bigger they are: • Their bigger their blind spots. • The more room they need to maneuver.

• The longer. it takes them to stop. The longer it takes to pass them. The more likely you’re going to be the loser in a collision.

Okay, now that we’ve covered some of the basics it’s time to get down to some specific situations that come u when you’re sharing the road with trucks. So read on and prepare to enter a new dimension in highway safety as we introduce you to ... the No-Zone.

U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration


RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FACILITIES THAT ARE

LICENSED TO STORE DANGEROUS GOODS

Although Canberra does not have the quantity and types of industry as Sydney,

Melbourne, Newcastle or Wollongong, there is still the potential for a major hazardous

materials incident at licensed storage facilities. Canberra like most other major cities does

have numerous facilities that store and use chemicals that could be hazardous to people

and the environment. These facilities include:

Three major hospitals

Two civilian universities

One Department of Defense university

Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Centre

The CSIRO

The Therapeutic Goods Administration facility

Numerous government Facilities

Spray painting/ panel beating shops

Printers

Golf courses

Hardware stores

Bulk Fuel storage facilities

Agricultural produce suppliers.

The types of hazards that would be encountered in these facilities include but are not

limited to explosives, flammables, combustibles, compressed gases, cryogenics, poisons,

toxics, reactive and oxidising agents, radioactive materials, carcinogens, hazardous waste.

The major problem for the Fire Brigade when attending to these facilities, whether to a

fire or spill is the ability to access information. To successfully manage incidents

involving these types of hazards be it fire or a spill the Fire Brigade requires information

on types, quantities, location, special risks, emergency contacts etc.


In the event of a major fire or spill at either the Australian National University or the

Lower Molonglo Water Quality Control Center it is possible for chemicals to quickly end

up in water courses. This is also the case with most of the other storage facilities in

Canberra as all uncontrolled run off from fires or chemical incidents in Canberra will end

up in the Murrumbidgee River.

This Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was stored at an unlicensed warehouse in

Fyshwick. The other IBC that was being unloaded tipped off the forklift and leaked onto

a driveway and into a drain.


RECOMMENDATIONS

The intent of the recommendations is to complement those that are suggested for the Fire

Brigade. These are the procedures that industry should adopt to reduce their likelihood of

having a Hazardous Materials Incident. If an incident does occur the procedures in place

should assist in reducing the impact on people, the environment and the business itself.

These recommendations would be best implemented through a strategic approach to

managing hazardous materials. I would suggest many of these recommendations be part

of an ongoing education and technical assistance programme for those facilities that store

hazardous materials, rather than regulatory enforcement. The question is how to reach the

target group. This could be done through mail outs, inspections, addressing seminars for

specific work groups, training at entry level in apprentices etc.

3.1 Those facilities that use chemicals be encouraged to purchase only the amounts

of goods that they require, rather than have excess stock on site. When

purchasing stock they should be encouraged to purchase the minimum amount

of containers, that is use one twenty litre container rather then four by five litre

containers.

3.2 The storage of hazardous materials in a laboratory, shop or building be kept to a

minimum needed for research and operations. The storage of hazardous

materials should be monitored by the designated authorities to ensure

compliance designated authorities to ensure compliance with the Dangerous

Goods Regulations

Due to a lack of staff it is not possible for the regulatory authorities (Dangerous Goods

Section) to inspect all those facilities that store hazardous materials. With a properly

established and implemented strategic approach to the management of hazardous

materials it is possible to educate managers of licensed storage facilities in the safe

storage of goods.


STORAGE LOCKER BROCHURE

Lockers for the storage of chemicals and other

hazardous materials in smaller quantities. Each

storage locker is prefabricated and easily

relocatable. They can provide a storage capacity

from 2 to 14, 55 gallon drums and 11 to 59 sq. ft.

of floor space. These lockers are in full

compliance with federal, state, and local

regulations.

FEATURES:

* Constructed of heavy-gauge welded steel

* Secondary containment sump with steel floor

* Chemical resistant coated surfaces

* Natural ventilation

* Security lock with interior safety release

* Static grounding system

* Forklift openings for ease of relocation

* Hold-down brackets

* Hazard placards and labeling

* One-year limited warranty


Information that could be mailed out in the form of a brochure would include:

Legislative requirements

Examples of storage facilities

Advice on inspecting stored materials

Attached is a simple check sheet that could be mailed out as a part of an education

/ awareness programme. The licensee would be required to maintain the records

for when inspections are carried out

Storage area is maintained so that: YES NO

spills are minimised and promptly removed

it is inspected weekly

compatible and incompatible materials are separated

unintended discharge to storm drain, sump or sewer is

unlikely

Containers are: YES NO

kept closed unless adding or removing product

in good condition

securely stored

compatible with contents

properly labeled

managed properly when empty

earthed when flammables are stored

SIGNED: DATE:


3.3 As a part of the process when applying for a new license or renewal of license a

training statement should be supplied.

Many incidents involving hazardous materials are a result of staff handling a product and

not being aware of the correct procedures. They may not be aware of the need for gloves,

goggles or respirators. Employers and supervisors often rely on the staff reading the

Material Safety Data Sheets (when available). I would suggest that it is the responsibility

of management to ensure staff are properly trained in handling any hazardous materials

that may be in the workplace.

A training statement would be forwarded with the license application stating:

• Who is trained

• When they were trained

• Who did the training

• What they were trained to handle

• Description of introductory and on going training

3.4 All facilities that store hazardous materials should be required to develop an

Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for their facility to minimise the impact of

hazmat incidents.

An Emergency Response Plan will assist workers on site and emergency response

personnel in handling any emergency situation involving hazardous materials. The ERP

should include

• The designated Emergency Coordinator

• Site Plan

• Manifests

• Material Safety Data Sheets

• Actions employees should take in an emergency

• Emergency telephone contacts

• Description and location of emergency equipment on site

• Mutual aid agreements

A copy of the ERP should be forwarded to the Fire Brigade. A copy should be on site,

preferably adjacent to the Fire Indicator Panel.


The ERP although similar to the fire contingency plan and risk analysis would differ in

that the ERP are the actions of the storage facility.

Canberra Times 7/1/98

Acid rain forces evacuation

By ANDREW KAZAR

Acid rain caused by a leak of fluorine vapour from a factory in Symonston yesterday forced the evacuation of about 40 employees for about five hours. The mild concentration of hydrochloric acid was produced when fluorine gas, used in the production of optical fibres, leaked shortly after 10am and mixed with the rain. The plant's parent company in Mel bourne flew into Canberra their own hazardous chemical people and equip ment to help the clean-up.

The ACT Fire Brigade said the fallout was contained to within 100m of the building, the Australian Optical Fi bre manufacturing plant, by the fortu itous weather. "If this [had] happened on Sunday, when there were windy conditions, there would have been the

potential for a gas cloud over Fysh wick, which would have created a lot more work for us," brigade operational district officer Paul Evans said.

Two workers were taken to Canberra Hospital to be examined for fluorine exposure from the site in Faulding Street. They were discharged a short time later.

Employees returned to work after the Environment Protection Authority and WorkCover declared the site safe. The street was closed to traffic for the five hours.

The leak occurred when one of the lasers used in the production of optical fibres was being serviced.

"It's just one of those u nfortunate in

cidents," Mr Evans said. "The com pany's emergency, operational and service procedures cannot be faulted."

The ACT Fire Brigade, a chemical expert from the Australian National

University's chemistry school, manage ment experts and the EPA had agreed the best way to remove the fluorine gas was to ventilate the building. Fluorine has similar chemical properties to chlorine, so when the gas passed through the building's exhaust system to enter the atmosphere it combined with the rain to produce hydrochloric acid.

There was no breeze yesterday, so the fallout was confined to within loom of the building. No damage was reported to the building or any other property.

A stormwater pond 250-300m from the plant acted as a collection point for the water run-off.

An office worker on the site declined yesterday to comment on the matter and requested that The Canberra Times reporter leave the premises.


3.5 Managers in all facilities that store hazardous materials should carry out a risk analysis in an effort to minimise the possibility of a hazmat incident

A risk assessment is a careful examination of what, in the workplace could cause harm to

people or the environment.

A risk assessment would involve the following four steps:

HAZARD

Look only for hazards, which you could reasonably expect to result in significant harm

under the conditions in your workplace. Use the following examples as a guide:-

Slipping / tripping hazards (eg poor y maintained floors or stairs)

Fire (eg from flammable materials) Electricity (eg poor wiring)

Chemicals (eg Battery Acid) Dust (eg from grinding)

Moving parts of machinery (eg blades) Fume (eg welding)

Work at height eg from mezzanine

floors)

Manual handling

Noise

Ejection of material (eg from plastic

molding)

Poor lighting

Low temperature

Pressure systems (eg steam boilers) Vehicles (eg fork-lift trucks)

WHO MIGHT BE HARMED

There is no need to list individuals by name -just think about groups of people doing

similar work or who might be affected, eg:-

Office staff Staff with disabilities

Maintenance personnel Inexperienced staff

Contractors Visitors

People sharing your workplace Lone workers

Operators Cleaners

Members of the public


Pay particular attention to:-

Staff with disabilities

Inexperienced staff

Visitors

Lone workers

IS THE RISK ADEQUATELY CONTROLLED?

Have you already taken precautions against the risks from the hazards you listed? For

example, have you provided: -

Adequate information, instruction or training?

Adequate systems or procedures?

Do the precautions: -

Meet the standards set by a legal requirement?

Comply with a recognised industry standard?

Represent good practice?

Reduce risk as far as reasonably practicable?

If so, then the risks are adequately controlled, but you need to indicate the precautions

you have in place. You may refer to procedures, manuals, company rules, etc. giving this

information.

WHAT FURTHER ACTION IS NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE RISK?

What more could you reasonably do for those risks which you found were not adequately

controlled?

You will need to give priority to those risks, which affect large numbers of people and/or

could result in serious harm. Apply the principles below when taking further action, if

possible in the following order:

Remove the risk completely

Try a less risky option

Prevent access to the hazard (eg by guarding, locking storage rooms)

Organise work to reduce exposure to the hazard

Issue personal protective equipment

Provide welfare facilities (eg washing facilities for removal of

contamination and first-aid)

(5 Steps to risk assessment Health and Safety Executive 1996)


3.6 Retailers and wholesalers of hazardous materials should provide a brochure that

will give basic information on the safe transport, storage, handling and disposal

of the hazardous material.

In the ACT, like any other major city there are any number of outlets where tradespeople

or the householder can buy an array of hazardous materials for their own use. The range

of materials includes; petrol, LPG, acetylene, oils, methylated spirits, acetone, acids,

paints, pool chlorine, fertilisers, fungicides etc. Although many of these hazardous

materials are not in bulk quantities they still have the potential to cause damage to the

environment or to those that are using the materials.

In Iowa, retailers selling products designated as household hazardous wastes must apply

for a permit each year. Revenues generated by the permit fees go toward funding

household hazardous waste collection days. Retailers must also label the area where

hazardous products are displayed, and must provide the public with consumer information

booklets on the use and disposal of household hazardous wastes.

I would suggest that this idea be looked at and introduced on a voluntary basis in the

ACT.


The information on Propane Safety was a customer service handout at a gas refilling

center in Denver, Colorado

PROPANE SAFETY TIPS

1. Do not transport or carry portable containers in your truck or confined space.

2. Containers in storage should be located outdoors rather than indoors to

minimize exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damage, and

tampering.

3. Containers stored in buildings should not be located near exits, stairways, or

in areas intended to be used for safe egress of occupants.

4. The maximum quantity stored in a building frequented by public, is 200 lbs.

735 lbs. if not frequented by the public.

5. No smoking or carrying lighted smoking material on or within 25 feet on

containers.

6. Propane will settle to low spots in case of a leak. Stay out of any low spot to

insure no ignition sources are present.

7. Container walls are thin and will not stand up to abuse.

8. It is tasteless, colorless and in its natural state, odorless.


3.7 There should be an education programme and tracking system put in place that

allows authorities to monitor the amount of waste generated and the disposal of

the waste.

Hazardous waste is generated by such industries as screen printers, fiberglass

manufacturers, automotive dealerships, service stations, transmission shops, machine

shops, hospitals, photographic processes, electroplating, pesticide application, dry-

cleaning. These industries generate such waste as fixers, waste ink, emulsion removers,

anti freeze, brake fluid, residues, filters, oils etc.

Although in Canberra there may not be a large amount of waste generated, any waste not

properly managed can cause harm to people or the environment.

An education programme would involve the relevant government authority developing a

programme for all those industries that generate hazardous waste.

The following page summarises the approach made by the Washington Department of

Ecology in their Automotive “ Shop Sweep” Campaign

'Shop sweeps', short assistance visits made to over 1,700 automotive shops in

Washington state, were the heart of an innovative -industry effort by the Washington

State Department of Ecology's Solid and Hazardous Waste Programme and Waste

Reduction, Recycling and Litter Control Program.

When this clinical waste arrived in the ACT for disposal the bags had broken open and leaked waste throughout the truck.


1. Consensus and cooperative based approach. Including the regulated

community throughout the development of the campaign lead to a more realistic

practical programme with a much higher chance for success.

2. Positive incentives and technical assistance used to maximize environmental

goals. Technical outreach is a more appropriate approach to address small

businesses (commercial as opposed to industrial) who often possess the same

limited knowledge of the problems, regulations and solutions as the general

public, yet lack the resources (e.g., time, staff, consultants) to help themselves

come into compliance.

3. Emphasis on site visits instead of relying on work shops, brochures, or other

media. The visits allowed Ecology and local government field staff to talk with,

not at the regulated community. One-on one discussions provided specific

answers to specific problems-

4. 'Visits' instead of inspections . On-site visits were conducted with education

non-threatening cooperative atmosphere, businesses were more forthright in

identifying and discussing their problems, and more receptive to solutions

offered.

5 Visits were streamlined to allow greater coverage. Average inspection time for

a conventional hazardous waste inspection including preparation and follow-up

time, averages close to 60 hours. Shop sweeps, incorporating a short check list

and pre made educational materials cut visits to an average of 45 minutes on-site,

allowing a greater number of businesses to be visited.

6. Training /coordination opportunities highlighted between state and local

governments. Interaction between the Department of Ecology and local

government hazardous waste programs helped both groups learn how to best

exchange information about small quantity generators (local government

responsibility) and regulated generators (state responsibility), and provided a

training ground for many newer local government field staff.


CHEMICALS IN THE HOME Emergencies created by hazardous chemicals are usually thought to occur in industrial

facilities, factories or on the road. However there are many chemical products used in and

around the home every day. Chemicals that are poisonous, corrosive, flammable and or

reactive are found in such products as paints, propane cylinders, antifreeze, pesticides,

oven cleaner, bathroom cleaners, aerosols etc. The improper transport, handling, storage

and disposal of these products may cause extreme danger to the householders, their

property, public workers, wildlife and the environment.

RECOMMENDATION FOR HOUSEHOLDERS

4.1 The ACT government should undertake a campaign to educate the general

public in the safe transport, storage, handling and disposal of household chemicals.

A programme should include:

Brochures

Mailouts (with rates, electricity)

TV advertising

Neighbor Hood Watch lectures

4.2 There are five steps the householder should follow to protect their own

health and environment

1. Avoid household products marked danger

Danger means the product could poison you, cause serious damage to your skin or eyes,

or easily cause a fire

2. Reduce the need for yard and garden pesticide

The first step for the homeowner is to carry out an inventory of the home, identifying

what is a hazard, determine if it is still required is it labeled properly and is stored

correctly.


1. Recycle used motor oil

Oil dumped in storm drains is not treated and ends up in our streams and lakes,

threatening fish and birds. Used motor oil should be dropped of at landfill areas.

2. Use less toxic cleaners

3. Some cleaners contain very hazardous ingredients that can burn your eyes, skin or

lugs. Look for safer brand substitutes or use simple alternatives.

4. Dispose of leftover hazardous products properly

5. When hazardous household products are disposed of into the stormwater, or sink the

chemicals can end up in local water bodies or groundwater. Even when disposed of

incorrectly at landfill they can end up in ground water.

4.3 The ACT Government should investigate Household Hazardous Waste programs

and develop a programme specifically for the ACT.

Household Hazardous

Waste site in Fairfax

County, Washington

DC


The Household Hazardous Waste programme I saw in Fairfax County was the best

organised programme I inspected. The citizens of Fairfax drove to the clearly marked site

and were met by an attendant. The site was located at a tip transfer station and was

staffed whilst ever the transfer station was open.

Hazardous Waste was segregated and stored in properly constructed site sheds with fire

protection and ventilation. Much of the waste was used as a fuel supply at a power station

the waste that could not be reused was disposed at a high temperature incinerator.

I believe a successful Household Hazardous Waste programme could be implemented in

the ACT, although at some expense. Sites (that would be staffed as required) could be

established at both the Belconnen and Mugga Lane landfills. There are of course many

issues with establishing a Household Hazardous Waste programme, but it has been

successfully undertaken overseas and could be done in the ACT.

(The following pages are from the ACT Government Home Page on the Internet)


AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

The Environment Protection Act

FACT SHEET No: 4 Hazardous Chemicals - Household

Chemicals

Commonly used household chemicals include: household cleaners, aerosol sprays, automotive supplies (including oil), paints and thinners, stains and varnishes, old art supplies, photographic chemicals, pool chemicals, batteries, pesticides and garden chemicals.

If misused or accidentally spilled, some of these chemicals are potentially hazardous to the environment due to their corrosive, flammable or reactive properties.

Tips For The Safe Use, Handling And Storage Of Household Chemicals

• Before buying household chemicals make sure that the label on the container is intact.

Purchase the smallest pack or bottle size which best meets your needs to avoid having to store unused chemicals.

• Read the label before using the chemical and follow the instructions. Pay particular attention to safety precautions.

• Do not use date-expired chemicals. • Handle chemicals in a well ventilated area. • Do not prepare chemical mixes in areas where an accidental spill could run into the

stormwater drain. • Only prepare the volume of spray mix necessary to complete the task to

avoid having to dispose of unused portions. • Wash hands and remove protective clothing prior to eating, drinking or

smoking. • Keep chemicals only in original containers, closed tightly and labelled. • Check chemical containers frequently for leaks, deterioration and tears

or loose lids. • Take precautions against potential fire hazards when using flammable

hazardous chemicals. • Many chemicals must not be stored together (check the label). • Store pesticides, pool chemicals and flammable chemicals in a

storage shed away from the house. Store other chemicals such as cleaning agents in a locked cupboard out of reach of children. Do not store any chemicals near food storage areas.


Banned Chemicals The following chemicals are either banned or require a permit to use: 2,4,5-T, Ethylene dibromide, Arsenic compounds, Cyhexatin, Tributyltin, Phenyl mercuric acetate, DDT, Heptachlor, Endrin, Lindane, Chlordane, Aldrin, Chlordimeform and Sodium fluoracetate(1080). If you suspect you may have one of these, please contact Environment ACT on 62079777. Disposal Of Unwanted Household Chemicals In the first instance, offer to give unwanted household chemicals to a friend or neighbour who may wish to use them. Environment ACT will collect small quantities of unwanted chemicals from households free of charge. To arrange collection of chemicals please call Environment ACT on 62079777. Businesses should contact either Environment ACT for advice or ACT Waste on 62075370 to check the Canberra Resource Exchange Network which facilitates the exchange of certain waste streams between businesses. Disposal options for most chemicals are listed in the table found at www.act.gov.au/environ/epa/epp/facts/hazard.htm

.

Where can I find out more? Further information on the new legislation is available from the Environment ACT Information Centre Helpline on (02) 62079777 during business hours.


CONCLUSION

There will always be many uses for “dangerous goods” in the ACT. These “dangerous

goods” will be in the form of raw chemicals, medicines, fuel, pesticides household goods,

and research materials or for use in industry. It can therefore be assured that there will be

accidents in transport, storage, handling or disposal that will require the Fire Brigade and

other response agencies to attend. (as of writing this conclusion today, June 5 the Fire

Brigade attended two hazmat incidents at Canberra Airport)

There are of course many types of legislation that are designed to make the use of

dangerous goods safer. There is Occupational Health and Safety legislation, The

Dangerous Goods Act, The Clinical Waste Act, The Australian Dangerous Goods Code

etc. I don’t consider that it is necessary to introduce more legislation to bolster the current

legislation. I believe there are three key elements to successfully reducing the number of

hazardous materials incidents in the ACT and to minimising their impact on both the

people involved and the environment.

PREVENTION / PREPAREDNESS

Prevention / Preparedness means determining what is the potential for accidents? Are

there some facilities or transport routes or practices that are a greater then acceptable risk?

Are there events, such as the Olympics that could increase the risk of a terrorist attack

using chemicals?

When these higher risks have been identified, measures need to be taken to minimise their

likelihood of occurrence. Measures to reduce the likelihood of incidents occurring

include, legislation, building codes and safety improvements. It is also necessary to look

at steps to reduce the impact of an incident on the environment and the community. As

part of this prevention / preparedness approach there needs to be accurate information

readily available in relation to facilities and the chemicals that are stored at the site.

There needs to be resources, trained staff, contingency plans, mutual aid agreements, and

standard operating procedures. The scene of an incident is not the place to test these

procedures / plans / agreements, they should be tested regularly, reviewed and upgraded.


MONITORING

I believe that there should be an active programme to independently monitor the transport

and storage of commercial quantities of dangerous goods. The monitoring programme

should be undertaken with an approach to assist industry or transport operators. I have

been with inspectors who have visited facilities two or three times. They explained to me

that they were making progress in cleaning up facilities by using the let us work together

approach. With the inspectors performing regular checks, the word got around and thus

all dangerous goods licensees knew that they needed to ensure they met their legal

obligations or face the consequences.

Any vehicle that transports goods in the ACT should be inspected either on the road or

when loading / unloading goods. If operators are aware that vehicles will be inspected,

not only for roadworthiness but to check their manifests then they will be more likely to

comply with their legal obligations.

EDUCATION

Perhaps the most crucial aspect of any program is the education or awareness component.

I do not know of any programme in the ACT to increase the public knowledge of safe

practices and their legal obligations when dealing with dangerous goods. The most

effective method I saw overseas was a combination of pamphlets, brochures and the

shopsweep campaign.

Pamphlets were available at points of sale, government shopfronts, trade displays, shows

field days etc. This could also be extended to include; public servant pay slips, rate

notices and handouts at schools during the Fire Brigade visits.

In Portland Oregon brochures or booklets were distributed through trade associations or

mailed out when companies applied to renew their licenses. In the ACT booklets could

also be able left at businesses after they were inspected by the local fire station.


The responsibility for ensuring that the use of dangerous goods in the ACT is made as

safe as possible does not lie with any one organisation or group. The responsibility does

not rest solely with the government or with transport operators or with employers. The

responsibility is shared amongst many organisations and groups. However, I believe it is

the ACT Government that has the crucial role in developing and implementing an overall

strategic approach for the management of dangerous goods in the ACT.


BIBLIOGRAPHY Australian Fire Authorities Council, Hazardous Materials 1, , Longman 1997 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Hazardous Materials A Citizen’s Orientation, FEMA 1990 Federal Emergency Management Agency, The Federal Response Plan, 1992 Washington Department of Ecology, Fact Sheets for Hazardous Waste Generators, 1996 Reference Material Hazardous Materials Exposure, Borak, Callan, Abbott, (Brady 1991) Seattle-King County Department of Public Health Five Steps To Protect Your Family’s Health And The Environment, 1997 American Red Cross, Your Guide to Home Chemical Safety and Emergency Procedures 1994


Hazardous Materials Services Section

Fire Prevention Division

MOBILE LAB INVENTORY SAMPLING AND EVIDENCE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT 1 BLOOD RECOVERY KIT 1 CAMCORDER, VHS PANASONIC 1 CAMERA, POLAROID 2 CHEMICAL CLASSIFIER KITS, SPILFYTER 6 CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON SCREENING KIT, CLOR-D-TECH 1000 6 COLIWASA TUBES, 100ml 1 COLIWASA, TEFLON SLUDGE SAMPLER 1 DIPPER, 6ft-TEFLON 1 DIPPER, 12ft-TEFLON 2 DOSIMETER 0-200 mR, PERSONAL TYPE 2 DOSIMETER 0-500 mR, PERSONAL TYPE 1 DOSIMETER CHARGER 12 DRUM THIEF 1 EVIDENCE HANDLING GUIDE BOOK (VA FORENSIC SCIENCE ACADEMY) 12 FILM 35mm, ROLL (4 ROLLS EACH: 12 EXP, 24 EXP, 36 EXP) 1 GAS CHROMATOGRAPH (SENTEX SCENTOGRAPH PLUS II PORTABLE GC) 1 GAS DETECTION HAZMAT KIT (DRAEGER AIR SAMPLING KIT) 1 GRAB SAMPLER II, SUBSURFACE SAMPLER w/BOTTLE 1 EXPLOSIMETER (MSA model 2A) w/PROBE 1 HAZTECH HAZCATTM KIT 1 LATENT FINGER PRINT KIT (CRP) 1 MAGNETIC AND CABLE LOCATOR 1 METAL DETECTOR 1 MULTI-GAS METER (GASTECH GT402: COMB, O2, CO, H2S, w/CASE, 3-1' PROBES, 15'& 25' SAMPLING LINE, DILUTION FITTING, MISC FILTERS, CHARGER, SPARE BATTERIES) 1 MULTI-GAS METER (MSA PASSPORT: COMB, O2, CO, H2S, SO2 w/CASE, PUMP, 3' PROBE, 25' SAMPLING LINE, FILTERS, CHARGER) 1 MULTI-GAS METER (MSA PASSPORT: COMB, O2, CO, NO, NO2 w/CASE, PUMP, 1' PROBE, 5' SAMPLING LINE, FILTERS) 6 PCB SCREENING KIT, CLOR-N-OIL 100 4 PCB SCREENING KIT, CLOR-N-SOIL 2 pH TEST PAPER STRIPS 1 pH TESTER, ELECTRONIC


1 PHOTO IONIZATION DETECTOR (PID), MSA 1 PLASTER CAST MOLD KIT (CRP) 50 REQUEST FOR LABORATORY EXAMINATION FORMS 1 SENTEX PORTABLE GAS CHROMATOGRAPH 5 SCOOP, PLASTIC 1 SIFTING SCREEN w/STAND 1 SOIL PROBE, 6' 1 SOIL SITE ASSESSMENT KIT, JMC w/12" ZERO CONTAMINATION TUBE 1 TRI-GAS METER (IS CMX271: LEL, CO, O2) 1 WASTE WATER CLASSIFIER KIT, SPILFYTER EVIDENCE CONTAINERS 6 CARDBOARD BOXES 2 EVIDENCE TAPE 10 EVIDENCE PAINT CANS - PINT 1 EVIDENCE PAINT CANS - 2 GAL. 10 EVIDENCE PAINT CANS - 1 GAL. 4 GLASS JARS w/CAPS - 8oz, AMBER 24 GLASS JARS w/TEFLON CAPS - 8oz, AMBER 12 GLASS JARS w/TEFLON CAPS - 8oz, CLEAR 12 GLASS JARS w/TEFLON CAPS - 32oz, AMBER 12 GLASS JARS w/TEFLON CAPS - 32oz, CLEAR-WIDEMOUTH 3 MASKING TAPE, ROLL OF 2 PACKING TAPE, ROLL OF 5 PAPER BAGS - LARGE, SAMPLING 10 PAPER BAGS - SMALL, SAMPLING 5 PLASTIC BAGS - LARGE, SAMPLING 20 PLASTIC BAGS - SMALL, SAMPLING 1 SAMPLING COOLER HAND TOOLS 1 100' FT TAPE MEASURE 1 25' FT TAPE MEASURE 1 BROOM 2 BUNG WRENCH, BRASS 1 CABLE CUTTERS 2 CARPET KNIFE w/DISPOSABLE BLADES 1 CEILING HOOK 2 CORD ROPE 2 COUNCIL RAKES 2 CROW BAR 1 DUST PAN 1 FLAT HEAD AX 1 HACK SAW 2 HALIGAN BARS 5 HAND SAWS 1 HYDRANT WRENCH


1 PRY AX 2 PRY BARS 1 RUBBER MALLET 1 SHOP BRUSH 2 SHOVEL (1 ROUND POINT, 1 SQUARE POINT) 2 SHOVEL (LARGE D HANDLE, SCOOP) 1 SLEDGE HAMMER 1 SPANNER WRENCH MOUNTING BRACKET 1 SQUEEGEE 1 TOOL BOX W/VARIOUS HAND TOOLS 1 TOOL BOX W/VARIOUS HAND TOOLS, NON-SPARKING POWER TOOLS 1 1 GAL. SAFETY GAS CAN 1 1 QT. 2-CYCLE OIL 1 HOMELITE XL 2 CHAIN SAW 1 SKILL CIRCULAR SAW ELECTRIC AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 1 7.5 KW ONAN GENERATOR 1 AMP CLAMP, SIMPSON 1 BATTERY CHARGER (vehicle) 6 BATTERY (D-CELL) 2 CARPENTER LIGHTS 2 CIRCLE "D" LIGHTS 2 ELECTRIC CORD REELS, 100' 3 ELECTRIC JUNCTION BOX (15A TWIST LOCK) 2 ELECTRIC PIGTAIL (15A MALE TWIST LOCK TO FEMALE TWIST LOCK) 6 ELECTRIC PIGTAIL (15A MALE TWIST LOCK TO FEMALE HOUSEHOLD) 3 ELECTRIC PIGTAIL (15A MALE HOUSEHOLD TO TWIST LOCK FEMALE) 2 EXTENSION CORDS, HEAVY DUTY 100' 2 EXTENSION CORDS, HEAVY DUTY 100' w/TRIPLE CONNECTION 1 LITEBOX HAND LIGHT 2 QUARTZ LIGHT DUAL HEAD w/TRIPOD STANDS (1000w) 1 QUARTZ LIGHT SINGLE HEAD w/CORD 1 VOLT PROBE METER PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 3 AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS, FULL FACE W/CARTRIDGES (Ammonia & Methylamine, and Organic Vapor Combination Cartridges) 1 ASBESTOS FIRE MITTENS, PAIR OF 1 BOOTIES, 4H CHEMICAL RESISTANT, PAIR OF 6 BOOTIES, PULL OVER (2 EACH: M,L,XL) 10 DUST MASK 1 FIRE LINE TAPE, ROLL OF 4 HARD HAT


1 HAZMAT LINE TAPE, ROLL OF 2 LATEX BOOTS, DISPOSABLE RESPONSE, PAIR OF 3 LATEX GLOVES, BOX OF (small, medium, x-large) 4 LEATHER GLOVES, PAIR OF 4 NEOPRENE GLOVES, PAIR OF 12 POLYPROPYLENE COVERALLS 4 PULL OVER BOOTS, PAIR OF 4 SAFETY GOGGLES 6 SARANEX COVERALLS 10 SILVER SHIELD GLOVES, PAIR OF 2 TRAFFIC VEST 6 TRAFFIC CONES 12 TYVEK HOODED COVERALLS 8 TYVEK LAB COATS LIBRARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLIES 1 6000 SCALE STREET WALL MAP # ASSORTED ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPLIES 1 BOCA FIRE PREVENTION CODE BOOK 1993 1 BOCA BUILDING CODE BOOK 1993 4 CLIP BOARDS 1 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDE BOOK 1 EQUIPMENT INVENTORY LIST FOR HM34, HMSU, HAZMAT POD 1 FIREBOX WALL MAP 2 GRAPH PAPER 1 HANGING FILE FOLDER BOX (LETTER SIZE) 4 HIGHLITERS 1 I.M.S. COMMAND BOARD LABELS, STICK ON 4 LEGAL PADS * MSDS 2 METAL RULERS 1 MICRO CASSETTE RECORDER (SONY) 2 MICRO CASSETTE TAPES 1 PHONE BOOK 1 PUBLIC FACILITIES WALL MAP 1 REAL PROPERTY MAP BOOK 1 SANITARY SEWER WALL MAP 1 SOILS MAP BOOK 4 STENO PADS 1 SUPERVISORY DISTRICT WALL MAP 1 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP BOOK 1 TRAILS WALL MAP 8 WASHINGTON METRO AREA ADC STREET MAP BOOKS 1 WATERSHED WALL MAP


MISCELLANEOUS 1 2 1/2 GAL PLASTIC BUCKET 1 5 GAL PLASTIC BUCKET w/LID 25 ABSORBENT PADS 2 ABSORBENT PILLOWS 1 ACCIDENT REPORT KIT 1 AID BAG (FIRST AID) 1 BINOCULARS, 7X50 PENTAX 1 CUPS, BAG OF 2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER, ABC TYPE 1 FIRE EXTINGUISHER, H2O 1 FLARES, BOX OF 1 ICE SCRAPER 1 JUMPER CABLES 1 MDT 1 MOTOROLA TYPE BATTERY CHARGER 1 MOTOROLA MICOR MOBILE RADIO 1 NAILS, BOX OF 1 POLY-COVER PLASTIC, ROLL 1 SPILL-X CONTROL KIT 1 SPILL TRAY, CHEMICAL 1 SNOW CHAINS 2 TOWELS 20 TRASH BAGS 1 TRASH CAN, HAZ-WASTE TYPE 1 WATER COOLER 1 WATERLESS HAND CLEANER

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Transcript of The Winston Churchill Memorial trust NRMA - ACT Road ...Peter Jeffs Churchill Fellowship Report 4...